cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.10 tools/testing/selftests/vDSO/vdso_standalone_test_x86.c

/*
 * vdso_test.c: Sample code to test parse_vdso.c on x86
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2014 Andy Lutomirski
 * Subject to the GNU General Public License, version 2
 *
 * You can amuse yourself by compiling with:
 * gcc -std=gnu99 -nostdlib
 *     -Os -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -flto -lgcc_s
 *      vdso_standalone_test_x86.c parse_vdso.c
 * to generate a small binary.  On x86_64, you can omit -lgcc_s
 * if you want the binary to be completely standalone.
 */

#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdint.h>

extern void *vdso_sym(const char *version, const char *name);
extern void vdso_init_from_sysinfo_ehdr(uintptr_t base);
extern void vdso_init_from_auxv(void *auxv);

/* We need a libc functions... */

int strcmp(const char *a, const char *b) { /* This implementation is buggy: it never returns -1. */ while (*a || *b) { if (*a != *b) return 1; if (*a == 0 || *b == 0) return 1; a++; b++; } return 0; }

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/* ...and two syscalls. This is x86-specific. */
static inline long x86_syscall3(long nr, long a0, long a1, long a2) { long ret; #ifdef __x86_64__ asm volatile ("syscall" : "=a" (ret) : "a" (nr), "D" (a0), "S" (a1), "d" (a2) : "cc", "memory", "rcx", "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11" ); #else asm volatile ("int $0x80" : "=a" (ret) : "a" (nr), "b" (a0), "c" (a1), "d" (a2) : "cc", "memory" ); #endif return ret; }

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static inline long linux_write(int fd, const void *data, size_t len) { return x86_syscall3(__NR_write, fd, (long)data, (long)len); }

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static inline void linux_exit(int code) { x86_syscall3(__NR_exit, code, 0, 0); }

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void to_base10(char *lastdig, time_t n) { while (n) { *lastdig = (n % 10) + '0'; n /= 10; lastdig--; } }

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__attribute__((externally_visible))
void c_main(void **stack) { /* Parse the stack */ long argc = (long)*stack; stack += argc + 2; /* Now we're pointing at the environment. Skip it. */ while(*stack) stack++; stack++; /* Now we're pointing at auxv. Initialize the vDSO parser. */ vdso_init_from_auxv((void *)stack); /* Find gettimeofday. */ typedef long (*gtod_t)(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz); gtod_t gtod = (gtod_t)vdso_sym("LINUX_2.6", "__vdso_gettimeofday"); if (!gtod) linux_exit(1); struct timeval tv; long ret = gtod(&tv, 0); if (ret == 0) { char buf[] = "The time is .000000\n"; to_base10(buf + 31, tv.tv_sec); to_base10(buf + 38, tv.tv_usec); linux_write(1, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1); } else { linux_exit(ret); } linux_exit(0); }

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/* * This is the real entry point. It passes the initial stack into * the C entry point. */ asm ( ".text\n" ".global _start\n" ".type _start,@function\n" "_start:\n\t" #ifdef __x86_64__ "mov %rsp,%rdi\n\t" "jmp c_main" #else "push %esp\n\t" "call c_main\n\t" "int $3" #endif );

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