cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.11 init/main.c

Directory: init
/*
 *  linux/init/main.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *
 *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
 *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
 *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
 *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
 */


#define DEBUG		
/* Enable initcall_debug */

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/extable.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/binfmts.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/stackprotector.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/initrd.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/nmi.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/start_kernel.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/profile.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
#include <linux/delayacct.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/key.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/page_ext.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/init.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/kgdb.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/async.h>
#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
#include <linux/sfi.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/elevator.h>
#include <linux/sched_clock.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/context_tracking.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/integrity.h>
#include <linux/proc_ns.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/cache.h>
#include <linux/rodata_test.h>

#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/bugs.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>

static int kernel_init(void *);

extern void init_IRQ(void);
extern void fork_init(void);
extern void radix_tree_init(void);

/*
 * Debug helper: via this flag we know that we are in 'early bootup code'
 * where only the boot processor is running with IRQ disabled.  This means
 * two things - IRQ must not be enabled before the flag is cleared and some
 * operations which are not allowed with IRQ disabled are allowed while the
 * flag is set.
 */

bool early_boot_irqs_disabled __read_mostly;


enum system_states system_state __read_mostly;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);

/*
 * Boot command-line arguments
 */

#define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT

#define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT

extern void time_init(void);
/* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */

void (*__initdata late_time_init)(void);

/* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */

char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
/* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */

char *saved_command_line;
/* Command line for parameter parsing */

static char *static_command_line;
/* Command line for per-initcall parameter parsing */

static char *initcall_command_line;


static char *execute_command;

static char *ramdisk_execute_command;

/*
 * Used to generate warnings if static_key manipulation functions are used
 * before jump_label_init is called.
 */

bool static_key_initialized __read_mostly;

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(static_key_initialized);

/*
 * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
 * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
 * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
 *
 * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
 * For ex. kdump situation where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
 * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
 */

unsigned int reset_devices;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);




static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
{
	reset_devices = 1;
	return 1;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Vivek Goyal18100.00%1100.00%


Total18100.00%1100.00%



__setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);


static const char *argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };

const char *envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };


static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;

extern const struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];




static bool __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
{
	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;
	bool had_early_param = false;

	p = __setup_start;
	do {
		int n = strlen(p->str);
		if (parameqn(line, p->str, n)) {
			if (p->early) {
				/* Already done in parse_early_param?
                                 * (Needs exact match on param part).
                                 * Keep iterating, as we can have early
                                 * params and __setups of same names 8( */
				if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
					had_early_param = true;
			} else if (!p->setup_func) {
				pr_warn("Parameter %s is obsolete, ignored\n",
					p->str);
				return true;
			} else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
				return true;
		}
		p++;
	} while (p < __setup_end);

	return had_early_param;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)6951.88%327.27%


Andrew Morton2720.30%218.18%


Dmitry Torokhov1914.29%19.09%


Rusty Russell118.27%327.27%


Yaowei Bai64.51%19.09%


Michal Schmidt10.75%19.09%


Total133100.00%11100.00%



/*
 * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
 * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
 */

unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);




static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
{
	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_DEBUG;
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)1688.89%133.33%


Yinghai Lu15.56%133.33%


Borislav Petkov15.56%133.33%


Total18100.00%3100.00%






static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
{
	console_loglevel = CONSOLE_LOGLEVEL_QUIET;
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)1688.89%133.33%


Yinghai Lu15.56%133.33%


Borislav Petkov15.56%133.33%


Total18100.00%3100.00%



early_param("debug", debug_kernel);
early_param("quiet", quiet_kernel);




static int __init loglevel(char *str)
{
	int newlevel;

	/*
         * Only update loglevel value when a correct setting was passed,
         * to prevent blind crashes (when loglevel being set to 0) that
         * are quite hard to debug
         */
	if (get_option(&str, &newlevel)) {
		console_loglevel = newlevel;
		return 0;
	}

	return -EINVAL;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
matthias.kunze@gmx-topmail.de2153.85%133.33%


Alexander Sverdlin1743.59%133.33%


Alex Riesen12.56%133.33%


Total39100.00%3100.00%



early_param("loglevel", loglevel);

/* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */



static int __init repair_env_string(char *param, char *val,
				    const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	if (val) {
		/* param=val or param="val"? */
		if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
			val[-1] = '=';
		else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
			val[-2] = '=';
			memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
			val--;
		} else
			BUG();
	}
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rusty Russell6260.78%220.00%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)1514.71%440.00%


Len Brown1110.78%110.00%


Jim Cromie54.90%110.00%


Chris Metcalf54.90%110.00%


Luis R. Rodriguez43.92%110.00%


Total102100.00%10100.00%



/* Anything after -- gets handed straight to init. */



static int __init set_init_arg(char *param, char *val,
			       const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	unsigned int i;

	if (panic_later)
		return 0;

	repair_env_string(param, val, unused, NULL);

	for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
		if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
			panic_later = "init";
			panic_param = param;
			return 0;
		}
	}
	argv_init[i] = param;
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rusty Russell8593.41%150.00%


Luis R. Rodriguez66.59%150.00%


Total91100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
 * unused parameters (modprobe will find them in /proc/cmdline).
 */



static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val,
				     const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	repair_env_string(param, val, unused, NULL);

	/* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
	if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
		return 0;

	/* Unused module parameter. */
	if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val))
		return 0;

	if (panic_later)
		return 0;

	if (val) {
		/* Environment option */
		unsigned int i;
		for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
			if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
				panic_later = "env";
				panic_param = param;
			}
			if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
				break;
		}
		envp_init[i] = param;
	} else {
		/* Command line option */
		unsigned int i;
		for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
			if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
				panic_later = "init";
				panic_param = param;
			}
		}
		argv_init[i] = param;
	}
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rusty Russell8040.40%212.50%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)4321.72%850.00%


Andrew Morton2110.61%16.25%


Chris Metcalf2110.61%16.25%


William Lee Irwin III189.09%16.25%


Greg Kroah-Hartman73.54%16.25%


Luis R. Rodriguez63.03%16.25%


Tetsuo Handa21.01%16.25%


Total198100.00%16100.00%






static int __init init_setup(char *str)
{
	unsigned int i;

	execute_command = str;
	/*
         * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
         * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
         * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
         * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
         */
	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
		argv_init[i] = NULL;
	return 1;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rusty Russell4297.67%150.00%


Adam Kropelin12.33%150.00%


Total43100.00%2100.00%



__setup("init=", init_setup);




static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
{
	unsigned int i;

	ramdisk_execute_command = str;
	/* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
	for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
		argv_init[i] = NULL;
	return 1;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Olof Johansson43100.00%1100.00%


Total43100.00%1100.00%



__setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP

static const unsigned int setup_max_cpus = NR_CPUS;



static inline void setup_nr_cpu_ids(void) { }

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mike Travis8100.00%1100.00%


Total8100.00%1100.00%






static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rusty Russell10100.00%1100.00%


Total10100.00%1100.00%



#endif

/*
 * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
 * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
 * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
 * store reference of name/value for future reference.
 */



static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
{
	saved_command_line =
		memblock_virt_alloc(strlen(boot_command_line) + 1, 0);
	initcall_command_line =
		memblock_virt_alloc(strlen(boot_command_line) + 1, 0);
	static_command_line = memblock_virt_alloc(strlen(command_line) + 1, 0);
	strcpy(saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
	strcpy(static_command_line, command_line);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Alon Bar-Lev4770.15%133.33%


Krzysztof Mazur1116.42%133.33%


Santosh Shilimkar913.43%133.33%


Total67100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
 * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
 * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
 * cpu_idle.
 *
 * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
 */

static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(kthreadd_done);




static noinline void __ref rest_init(void)
{
	int pid;

	rcu_scheduler_starting();
	/*
         * We need to spawn init first so that it obtains pid 1, however
         * the init task will end up wanting to create kthreads, which, if
         * we schedule it before we create kthreadd, will OOPS.
         */
	kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS);
	numa_default_policy();
	pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
	rcu_read_lock();
	kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid_ns(pid, &init_pid_ns);
	rcu_read_unlock();
	complete(&kthreadd_done);

	/*
         * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
         * at least once to get things moving:
         */
	init_idle_bootup_task(current);
	schedule_preempt_disabled();
	/* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
	cpu_startup_entry(CPUHP_ONLINE);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Eric W. Biedermann2227.85%15.56%


Linus Torvalds1518.99%15.56%


Paul E. McKenney911.39%211.11%


Ingo Molnar810.13%211.11%


Peter Zijlstra78.86%211.11%


Thomas Gleixner56.33%211.11%


Pavel Emelyanov45.06%15.56%


Andi Kleen33.80%15.56%


Andrew Morton22.53%211.11%


Sam Ravnborg11.27%15.56%


Nicholas Piggin11.27%15.56%


Fabian Frederick11.27%15.56%


Rakib Mullick11.27%15.56%


Total79100.00%18100.00%



/* Check for early params. */



static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val,
				 const char *unused, void *arg)
{
	const struct obs_kernel_param *p;

	for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
		if ((p->early && parameq(param, p->str)) ||
		    (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
		     strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
		) {
			if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
				pr_warn("Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
		}
	}
	/* We accept everything at this stage. */
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton7367.59%228.57%


Yinghai Lu2422.22%114.29%


Jim Cromie54.63%114.29%


Luis R. Rodriguez43.70%114.29%


Michal Schmidt10.93%114.29%


Rusty Russell10.93%114.29%


Total108100.00%7100.00%






void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline)
{
	parse_args("early options", cmdline, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
		   do_early_param);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Magnus Damm2379.31%133.33%


Pawel Moll413.79%133.33%


Luis R. Rodriguez26.90%133.33%


Total29100.00%3100.00%



/* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */



void __init parse_early_param(void)
{
	static int done __initdata;
	static char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] __initdata;

	if (done)
		return;

	/* All fall through to do_early_param. */
	strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
	parse_early_options(tmp_cmdline);
	done = 1;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton4191.11%125.00%


Fabian Frederick24.44%125.00%


Alon Bar-Lev12.22%125.00%


Magnus Damm12.22%125.00%


Total45100.00%4100.00%






void __init __weak arch_post_acpi_subsys_init(void) { }


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Thomas Gleixner8100.00%1100.00%


Total8100.00%1100.00%






void __init __weak smp_setup_processor_id(void)
{
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton562.50%150.00%


Benjamin Herrenschmidt337.50%150.00%


Total8100.00%2100.00%



# if THREAD_SIZE >= PAGE_SIZE



void __init __weak thread_stack_cache_init(void)
{
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Benjamin Herrenschmidt787.50%150.00%


Linus Torvalds112.50%150.00%


Total8100.00%2100.00%



#endif

/*
 * Set up kernel memory allocators
 */



static void __init mm_init(void)
{
	/*
         * page_ext requires contiguous pages,
         * bigger than MAX_ORDER unless SPARSEMEM.
         */
	page_ext_init_flatmem();
	mem_init();
	kmem_cache_init();
	percpu_init_late();
	pgtable_init();
	vmalloc_init();
	ioremap_huge_init();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Pekka J Enberg1858.06%116.67%


JoonSoo Kim412.90%116.67%


Tejun Heo39.68%116.67%


Toshi Kani39.68%116.67%


Benjamin Herrenschmidt26.45%116.67%


Kirill A. Shutemov13.23%116.67%


Total31100.00%6100.00%






asmlinkage __visible void __init start_kernel(void)
{
	char *command_line;
	char *after_dashes;

	set_task_stack_end_magic(&init_task);
	smp_setup_processor_id();
	debug_objects_early_init();

	/*
         * Set up the the initial canary ASAP:
         */
	boot_init_stack_canary();

	cgroup_init_early();

	local_irq_disable();
	early_boot_irqs_disabled = true;

/*
 * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
 * enable them
 */
	boot_cpu_init();
	page_address_init();
	pr_notice("%s", linux_banner);
	setup_arch(&command_line);
	mm_init_cpumask(&init_mm);
	setup_command_line(command_line);
	setup_nr_cpu_ids();
	setup_per_cpu_areas();
	boot_cpu_state_init();
	smp_prepare_boot_cpu();	/* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */

	build_all_zonelists(NULL, NULL);
	page_alloc_init();

	pr_notice("Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
	parse_early_param();
	after_dashes = parse_args("Booting kernel",
				  static_command_line, __start___param,
				  __stop___param - __start___param,
				  -1, -1, NULL, &unknown_bootoption);
	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(after_dashes))
		parse_args("Setting init args", after_dashes, NULL, 0, -1, -1,
			   NULL, set_init_arg);

	jump_label_init();

	/*
         * These use large bootmem allocations and must precede
         * kmem_cache_init()
         */
	setup_log_buf(0);
	pidhash_init();
	vfs_caches_init_early();
	sort_main_extable();
	trap_init();
	mm_init();

	/*
         * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
         * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
         * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
         */
	sched_init();
	/*
         * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
         * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
         */
	preempt_disable();
	if (WARN(!irqs_disabled(),
		 "Interrupts were enabled *very* early, fixing it\n"))
		local_irq_disable();
	radix_tree_init();

	/*
         * Allow workqueue creation and work item queueing/cancelling
         * early.  Work item execution depends on kthreads and starts after
         * workqueue_init().
         */
	workqueue_init_early();

	rcu_init();

	/* trace_printk() and trace points may be used after this */
	trace_init();

	context_tracking_init();
	/* init some links before init_ISA_irqs() */
	early_irq_init();
	init_IRQ();
	tick_init();
	rcu_init_nohz();
	init_timers();
	hrtimers_init();
	softirq_init();
	timekeeping_init();
	time_init();
	sched_clock_postinit();
	printk_safe_init();
	perf_event_init();
	profile_init();
	call_function_init();
	WARN(!irqs_disabled(), "Interrupts were enabled early\n");
	early_boot_irqs_disabled = false;
	local_irq_enable();

	kmem_cache_init_late();

	/*
         * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
         * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
         * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
         */
	console_init();
	if (panic_later)
		panic("Too many boot %s vars at `%s'", panic_later,
		      panic_param);

	lockdep_info();

	/*
         * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
         * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
         * too:
         */
	locking_selftest();

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
	if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
	    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)) < min_low_pfn) {
		pr_crit("initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - disabling it.\n",
		    page_to_pfn(virt_to_page((void *)initrd_start)),
		    min_low_pfn);
		initrd_start = 0;
	}
#endif
	page_ext_init();
	debug_objects_mem_init();
	kmemleak_init();
	setup_per_cpu_pageset();
	numa_policy_init();
	if (late_time_init)
		late_time_init();
	calibrate_delay();
	pidmap_init();
	anon_vma_init();
	acpi_early_init();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86
	if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
		efi_enter_virtual_mode();
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64
	/* Should be run before the first non-init thread is created */
	init_espfix_bsp();
#endif
	thread_stack_cache_init();
	cred_init();
	fork_init();
	proc_caches_init();
	buffer_init();
	key_init();
	security_init();
	dbg_late_init();
	vfs_caches_init();
	pagecache_init();
	signals_init();
	proc_root_init();
	nsfs_init();
	cpuset_init();
	cgroup_init();
	taskstats_init_early();
	delayacct_init();

	check_bugs();

	acpi_subsystem_init();
	arch_post_acpi_subsys_init();
	sfi_init_late();

	if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES)) {
		efi_free_boot_services();
	}

	ftrace_init();

	/* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
	rest_init();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)8717.30%2921.32%


Rusty Russell458.95%42.94%


Andrew Morton377.36%128.82%


Linus Torvalds285.57%85.88%


Pekka J Enberg275.37%42.94%


Geert Uytterhoeven203.98%21.47%


Ingo Molnar193.78%53.68%


Thomas Gleixner173.38%53.68%


Steven Rostedt163.18%32.21%


Heiko Carstens152.98%10.74%


Tejun Heo122.39%32.21%


H. Peter Anvin91.79%21.47%


Josh Triplett91.79%21.47%


John Stultz91.79%21.47%


Ard van Breemen91.79%10.74%


Mike Travis71.39%21.47%


Alon Bar-Lev71.39%10.74%


Rafael J. Wysocki61.19%21.47%


Matt Fleming61.19%10.74%


Shailabh Nagar61.19%21.47%


Aaron Tomlin61.19%10.74%


David Howells61.19%21.47%


Paul Menage50.99%10.74%


Andi Kleen40.80%21.47%


Luis R. Rodriguez40.80%10.74%


Stas Sergeev40.80%10.74%


Catalin Marinas40.80%21.47%


Daniel R Thompson40.80%10.74%


Yinghai Lu40.80%10.74%


Al Viro30.60%10.74%


Takao Indoh30.60%10.74%


Haicheng Li30.60%10.74%


Lei Ming30.60%10.74%


Jason Wessel30.60%21.47%


Stéphane Eranian30.60%10.74%


Dipankar Sarma30.60%10.74%


Christoph Lameter30.60%10.74%


Stephen Boyd30.60%10.74%


Feng Tang30.60%10.74%


Jeremy Fitzhardinge30.60%10.74%


Frédéric Weisbecker30.60%10.74%


Yang Shi30.60%10.74%


Benjamin Herrenschmidt20.40%10.74%


John Levon20.40%10.74%


Petr Mladek20.40%10.74%


Li Zefan20.40%10.74%


Paul Jackson20.40%10.74%


Chris Wright20.40%21.47%


Peter Zijlstra20.40%10.74%


Pawel Moll20.40%10.74%


Nicholas Piggin20.40%10.74%


Greg Kroah-Hartman20.40%10.74%


Fabian Frederick20.40%10.74%


Jiang Liu20.40%10.74%


Alex Riesen20.40%10.74%


Tetsuo Handa20.40%10.74%


Mel Gorman10.20%10.74%


Matthew Wilcox10.20%10.74%


Heinrich Schuchardt10.20%10.74%


Sergey Senozhatsky10.20%10.74%


Total503100.00%136100.00%



/* Call all constructor functions linked into the kernel. */



static void __init do_ctors(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS
	ctor_fn_t *fn = (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_start;

	for (; fn < (ctor_fn_t *) __ctors_end; fn++)
		(*fn)();
#endif
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Oberparleiter4090.91%150.00%


H Hartley Sweeten49.09%150.00%


Total44100.00%2100.00%




bool initcall_debug;
core_param(initcall_debug, initcall_debug, bool, 0644);

#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS

struct blacklist_entry {
	
struct list_head next;
	
char *buf;
};

static __initdata_or_module LIST_HEAD(blacklisted_initcalls);




static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
{
	char *str_entry;
	struct blacklist_entry *entry;

	/* str argument is a comma-separated list of functions */
	do {
		str_entry = strsep(&str, ",");
		if (str_entry) {
			pr_debug("blacklisting initcall %s\n", str_entry);
			entry = alloc_bootmem(sizeof(*entry));
			entry->buf = alloc_bootmem(strlen(str_entry) + 1);
			strcpy(entry->buf, str_entry);
			list_add(&entry->next, &blacklisted_initcalls);
		}
	} while (str_entry);

	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Prarit Bhargava100100.00%1100.00%


Total100100.00%1100.00%






static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
{
	struct blacklist_entry *entry;
	char fn_name[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
	unsigned long addr;

	if (list_empty(&blacklisted_initcalls))
		return false;

	addr = (unsigned long) dereference_function_descriptor(fn);
	sprint_symbol_no_offset(fn_name, addr);

	/*
         * fn will be "function_name [module_name]" where [module_name] is not
         * displayed for built-in init functions.  Strip off the [module_name].
         */
	strreplace(fn_name, ' ', '\0');

	list_for_each_entry(entry, &blacklisted_initcalls, next) {
		if (!strcmp(fn_name, entry->buf)) {
			pr_debug("initcall %s blacklisted\n", fn_name);
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Prarit Bhargava6766.34%240.00%


Rasmus Villemoes3029.70%240.00%


Geliang Tang43.96%120.00%


Total101100.00%5100.00%



#else



static int __init initcall_blacklist(char *str)
{
	pr_warn("initcall_blacklist requires CONFIG_KALLSYMS\n");
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Prarit Bhargava19100.00%1100.00%


Total19100.00%1100.00%






static bool __init_or_module initcall_blacklisted(initcall_t fn)
{
	return false;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Prarit Bhargava13100.00%1100.00%


Total13100.00%1100.00%



#endif
__setup("initcall_blacklist=", initcall_blacklist);




static int __init_or_module do_one_initcall_debug(initcall_t fn)
{
	ktime_t calltime, delta, rettime;
	unsigned long long duration;
	int ret;

	printk(KERN_DEBUG "calling  %pF @ %i\n", fn, task_pid_nr(current));
	calltime = ktime_get();
	ret = fn();
	rettime = ktime_get();
	delta = ktime_sub(rettime, calltime);
	duration = (unsigned long long) ktime_to_ns(delta) >> 10;
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "initcall %pF returned %d after %lld usecs\n",
		 fn, ret, duration);

	return ret;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Ingo Molnar2628.57%15.88%


Frédéric Weisbecker2123.08%317.65%


Américo Wang1314.29%15.88%


Andrew Morton99.89%423.53%


Kevin Winchester66.59%211.76%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)55.49%15.88%


Linus Torvalds44.40%15.88%


Will Newton33.30%15.88%


Arjan van de Ven33.30%211.76%


Tim Bird11.10%15.88%


Total91100.00%17100.00%






int __init_or_module do_one_initcall(initcall_t fn)
{
	int count = preempt_count();
	int ret;
	char msgbuf[64];

	if (initcall_blacklisted(fn))
		return -EPERM;

	if (initcall_debug)
		ret = do_one_initcall_debug(fn);
	else
		ret = fn();

	msgbuf[0] = 0;

	if (preempt_count() != count) {
		sprintf(msgbuf, "preemption imbalance ");
		preempt_count_set(count);
	}
	if (irqs_disabled()) {
		strlcat(msgbuf, "disabled interrupts ", sizeof(msgbuf));
		local_irq_enable();
	}
	WARN(msgbuf[0], "initcall %pF returned with %s\n", fn, msgbuf);

	add_latent_entropy();
	return ret;
}



Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kevin Winchester3427.87%211.11%


Cyrill V. Gorcunov2822.95%211.11%


Andrew Morton2218.03%211.11%


Prarit Bhargava119.02%15.56%


Steven Rostedt108.20%316.67%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)43.28%15.56%


Emese Revfy32.46%15.56%


Peter Zijlstra32.46%15.56%


Arjan van de Ven21.64%15.56%


Linus Torvalds21.64%211.11%


Ingo Molnar21.64%15.56%


Frédéric Weisbecker10.82%15.56%


Total122100.00%18100.00%



extern initcall_t __initcall_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall0_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall1_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall2_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall3_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall4_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall5_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall6_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall7_start[];
extern initcall_t __initcall_end[];


static initcall_t *initcall_levels[] __initdata = {
	__initcall0_start,
	__initcall1_start,
	__initcall2_start,
	__initcall3_start,
	__initcall4_start,
	__initcall5_start,
	__initcall6_start,
	__initcall7_start,
	__initcall_end,
};

/* Keep these in sync with initcalls in include/linux/init.h */

static char *initcall_level_names[] __initdata = {
	"early",
	"core",
	"postcore",
	"arch",
	"subsys",
	"fs",
	"device",
	"late",
};




static void __init do_initcall_level(int level)
{
	initcall_t *fn;

	strcpy(initcall_command_line, saved_command_line);
	parse_args(initcall_level_names[level],
		   initcall_command_line, __start___param,
		   __stop___param - __start___param,
		   level, level,
		   NULL, &repair_env_string);

	for (fn = initcall_levels[level]; fn < initcall_levels[level+1]; fn++)
		do_one_initcall(*fn);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Pawel Moll4257.53%112.50%


Linus Torvalds1926.03%112.50%


H Hartley Sweeten56.85%112.50%


Luis R. Rodriguez22.74%112.50%


Krzysztof Mazur22.74%112.50%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)11.37%112.50%


Chris Metcalf11.37%112.50%


Jim Cromie11.37%112.50%


Total73100.00%8100.00%






static void __init do_initcalls(void)
{
	int level;

	for (level = 0; level < ARRAY_SIZE(initcall_levels) - 1; level++)
		do_initcall_level(level);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Pawel Moll35100.00%1100.00%


Total35100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
 * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
 * running, and memory and process management works.
 *
 * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
 */



static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
{
	cpuset_init_smp();
	shmem_init();
	driver_init();
	init_irq_proc();
	do_ctors();
	usermodehelper_enable();
	do_initcalls();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)826.67%325.00%


Linus Torvalds516.67%216.67%


Peter Oberparleiter310.00%18.33%


Eric W. Biedermann310.00%18.33%


Patrick Mochel310.00%18.33%


Lai Jiangshan310.00%18.33%


Kay Sievers26.67%18.33%


Wang YanQing26.67%18.33%


Hugh Dickins13.33%18.33%


Total30100.00%12100.00%






static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
{
	initcall_t *fn;

	for (fn = __initcall_start; fn < __initcall0_start; fn++)
		do_one_initcall(*fn);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu2681.25%250.00%


H Hartley Sweeten515.62%125.00%


Pawel Moll13.12%125.00%


Total32100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * This function requests modules which should be loaded by default and is
 * called twice right after initrd is mounted and right before init is
 * exec'd.  If such modules are on either initrd or rootfs, they will be
 * loaded before control is passed to userland.
 */



void __init load_default_modules(void)
{
	load_default_elevator_module();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Tejun Heo11100.00%1100.00%


Total11100.00%1100.00%






static int run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
{
	argv_init[0] = init_filename;
	return do_execve(getname_kernel(init_filename),
		(const char __user *const __user *)argv_init,
		(const char __user *const __user *)envp_init);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton2346.94%120.00%


Al Viro2244.90%240.00%


Linus Torvalds36.12%120.00%


David Howells12.04%120.00%


Total49100.00%5100.00%






static int try_to_run_init_process(const char *init_filename)
{
	int ret;

	ret = run_init_process(init_filename);

	if (ret && ret != -ENOENT) {
		pr_err("Starting init: %s exists but couldn't execute it (error %d)\n",
		       init_filename, ret);
	}

	return ret;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michael Opdenacker44100.00%1100.00%


Total44100.00%1100.00%



static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void);

#if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) || defined(CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX)

bool rodata_enabled __ro_after_init = true;



static int __init set_debug_rodata(char *str)
{
	return strtobool(str, &rodata_enabled);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kees Cook20100.00%1100.00%


Total20100.00%1100.00%



__setup("rodata=", set_debug_rodata);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX



static void mark_readonly(void)
{
	if (rodata_enabled) {
		mark_rodata_ro();
		rodata_test();
	} else
		pr_info("Kernel memory protection disabled.\n");
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kees Cook2180.77%150.00%


Jinbum Park519.23%150.00%


Total26100.00%2100.00%



#else



static inline void mark_readonly(void)
{
	pr_warn("This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.\n");
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kees Cook14100.00%1100.00%


Total14100.00%1100.00%



#endif




static int __ref kernel_init(void *unused)
{
	int ret;

	kernel_init_freeable();
	/* need to finish all async __init code before freeing the memory */
	async_synchronize_full();
	free_initmem();
	mark_readonly();
	system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
	numa_default_policy();

	rcu_end_inkernel_boot();

	if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
		ret = run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
		if (!ret)
			return 0;
		pr_err("Failed to execute %s (error %d)\n",
		       ramdisk_execute_command, ret);
	}

	/*
         * We try each of these until one succeeds.
         *
         * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
         * trying to recover a really broken machine.
         */
	if (execute_command) {
		ret = run_init_process(execute_command);
		if (!ret)
			return 0;
		panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d).",
		      execute_command, ret);
	}
	if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init") ||
	    !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init") ||
	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init") ||
	    !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh"))
		return 0;

	panic("No working init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel. "
	      "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance.");
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)3224.06%1137.93%


Al Viro2821.05%26.90%


Michael Opdenacker2518.80%13.45%


Olof Johansson1511.28%13.45%


Andrew Lutomirski96.77%13.45%


Arjan van de Ven64.51%26.90%


Andrew Morton43.01%310.34%


Paul E. McKenney32.26%13.45%


Andi Kleen32.26%13.45%


Linus Torvalds21.50%13.45%


Avery, Brian21.50%13.45%


Kees Cook10.75%13.45%


Rakib Mullick10.75%13.45%


Vivek Goyal10.75%13.45%


Mauro Carvalho Chehab10.75%13.45%


Total133100.00%29100.00%






static noinline void __init kernel_init_freeable(void)
{
	/*
         * Wait until kthreadd is all set-up.
         */
	wait_for_completion(&kthreadd_done);

	/* Now the scheduler is fully set up and can do blocking allocations */
	gfp_allowed_mask = __GFP_BITS_MASK;

	/*
         * init can allocate pages on any node
         */
	set_mems_allowed(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
	/*
         * init can run on any cpu.
         */
	set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpu_all_mask);

	cad_pid = task_pid(current);

	smp_prepare_cpus(setup_max_cpus);

	workqueue_init();

	init_mm_internals();

	do_pre_smp_initcalls();
	lockup_detector_init();

	smp_init();
	sched_init_smp();

	page_alloc_init_late();

	do_basic_setup();

	/* Open the /dev/console on the rootfs, this should never fail */
	if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
		pr_err("Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");

	(void) sys_dup(0);
	(void) sys_dup(0);
	/*
         * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
         * the work
         */

	if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
		ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";

	if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
		ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
		prepare_namespace();
	}

	/*
         * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
         * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
         * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
         *
         * rootfs is available now, try loading the public keys
         * and default modules
         */

	integrity_load_keys();
	load_default_modules();
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Vivek Goyal7245.28%15.26%


Eric W. Biedermann4025.16%15.26%


Peter Zijlstra106.29%210.53%


Miao Xie85.03%210.53%


Tejun Heo63.77%210.53%


Linus Torvalds53.14%15.26%


Dmitry Kasatkin42.52%15.26%


Michal Hocko31.89%15.26%


Mel Gorman31.89%15.26%


Al Viro21.26%15.26%


Andrew Morton10.63%15.26%


Vineet Gupta10.63%15.26%


Andi Kleen10.63%15.26%


Mike Travis10.63%15.26%


Rusty Russell10.63%15.26%


Lai Jiangshan10.63%15.26%


Total159100.00%19100.00%




Overall Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)39611.50%6719.09%


Rusty Russell36510.60%164.56%


Andrew Morton34710.08%318.83%


Prarit Bhargava2477.17%20.57%


Pawel Moll1704.94%10.28%


Linus Torvalds1233.57%174.84%


Vivek Goyal982.85%20.57%


Ingo Molnar792.29%143.99%


Kees Cook722.09%10.28%


Alon Bar-Lev702.03%10.28%


Olof Johansson702.03%10.28%


Michael Opdenacker692.00%10.28%


Al Viro692.00%41.14%


Eric W. Biedermann681.98%30.85%


Tejun Heo471.37%61.71%


Pekka J Enberg461.34%41.14%


Peter Oberparleiter441.28%10.28%


Kevin Winchester401.16%20.57%


Thomas Gleixner361.05%82.28%


Yinghai Lu340.99%30.85%


Peter Zijlstra320.93%61.71%


Rasmus Villemoes300.87%20.57%


Chris Metcalf290.84%10.28%


Steven Rostedt290.84%51.42%


Luis R. Rodriguez280.81%10.28%


Frédéric Weisbecker280.81%41.14%


Cyrill V. Gorcunov280.81%20.57%


Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu270.78%20.57%


matthias.kunze@gmx-topmail.de260.76%10.28%


David Howells250.73%51.42%


Magnus Damm240.70%10.28%


Américo Wang210.61%20.57%


Geert Uytterhoeven200.58%20.57%


Jim Cromie200.58%20.57%


Krzysztof Mazur190.55%10.28%


Dmitry Torokhov190.55%10.28%


William Lee Irwin III180.52%10.28%


Alexander Sverdlin170.49%10.28%


Andi Kleen170.49%41.14%


AKASHI Takahiro170.49%10.28%


Arjan van de Ven170.49%41.14%


Mike Travis160.46%30.85%


Heiko Carstens150.44%10.28%


H Hartley Sweeten140.41%10.28%


Benjamin Herrenschmidt140.41%30.85%


Len Brown140.41%20.57%


Paul E. McKenney130.38%41.14%


Adrian Bunk120.35%41.14%


Shailabh Nagar120.35%20.57%


Greg Kroah-Hartman120.35%20.57%


Jan Beulich100.29%20.57%


Hannes Frederic Sowa100.29%10.28%


Santosh Shilimkar90.26%10.28%


H. Peter Anvin90.26%20.57%


John Stultz90.26%20.57%


Andrew Lutomirski90.26%10.28%


Josh Triplett90.26%20.57%


Ard van Breemen90.26%10.28%


Paul Menage80.23%10.28%


Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo80.23%10.28%


Miao Xie80.23%20.57%


Jinbum Park80.23%10.28%


Catalin Marinas70.20%20.57%


JoonSoo Kim70.20%10.28%


Dmitry Kasatkin70.20%10.28%


Matt Fleming60.17%10.28%


Rafael J. Wysocki60.17%20.57%


Feng Tang60.17%10.28%


Nicholas Piggin60.17%30.85%


Fabian Frederick60.17%20.57%


Toshi Kani60.17%10.28%


Yaowei Bai60.17%10.28%


Dipankar Sarma60.17%10.28%


Stephen Boyd60.17%10.28%


Jason Wessel60.17%20.57%


Aaron Tomlin60.17%10.28%


Paul Jackson50.15%10.28%


John Levon50.15%10.28%


Kay Sievers50.15%10.28%


Mel Gorman40.12%20.57%


Lai Jiangshan40.12%20.57%


Stas Sergeev40.12%10.28%


Daniel R Thompson40.12%10.28%


Pavel Emelyanov40.12%10.28%


Tetsuo Handa40.12%10.28%


Geliang Tang40.12%10.28%


Theodore Y. Ts'o30.09%10.28%


Alex Riesen30.09%20.57%


Vegard Nossum30.09%10.28%


Michal Hocko30.09%10.28%


Russell King30.09%10.28%


Randy Dunlap30.09%10.28%


Akinobu Mita30.09%10.28%


Haicheng Li30.09%10.28%


Stéphane Eranian30.09%10.28%


Emese Revfy30.09%10.28%


Christoph Hellwig30.09%10.28%


Patrick Mochel30.09%10.28%


Will Newton30.09%10.28%


Yang Shi30.09%10.28%


Takao Indoh30.09%10.28%


Sukadev Bhattiprolu30.09%10.28%


Jens Axboe30.09%10.28%


Lei Ming30.09%10.28%


Christoph Lameter30.09%10.28%


Paul Gortmaker30.09%10.28%


Jeremy Fitzhardinge30.09%10.28%


Laura Abbott30.09%10.28%


Hannes Reinecke30.09%10.28%


Avery, Brian20.06%10.28%


Li Zefan20.06%10.28%


Wang YanQing20.06%10.28%


Chris Wright20.06%20.57%


Adam Kropelin20.06%10.28%


Jiang Liu20.06%10.28%


Michal Schmidt20.06%10.28%


Vineet Gupta20.06%10.28%


Heinrich Schuchardt20.06%10.28%


Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso20.06%10.28%


Sam Ravnborg20.06%10.28%


Petr Mladek20.06%10.28%


Rakib Mullick20.06%10.28%


Borislav Petkov20.06%10.28%


Kirill A. Shutemov10.03%10.28%


Matthew Wilcox10.03%10.28%


Sergey Senozhatsky10.03%10.28%


Mauro Carvalho Chehab10.03%10.28%


Hugh Dickins10.03%10.28%


Tim Bird10.03%10.28%


Frans Klaver10.03%10.28%


Namhyung Kim0.00%00.00%


Total3443100.00%351100.00%


Directory: init



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