cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.11 mm/page_alloc.c

Directory: mm
/*
 *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
 *
 *  Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
 *  Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
 *  Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
 *  Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
 *  Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
 *          (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
 */

#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/vmstat.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/memremap.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/page-isolation.h>
#include <linux/page_ext.h>
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/compaction.h>
#include <trace/events/kmem.h>
#include <trace/events/oom.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/sched/rt.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/page_owner.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>

#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
#include "internal.h"

/* prevent >1 _updater_ of zone percpu pageset ->high and ->batch fields */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pcp_batch_high_lock);

#define MIN_PERCPU_PAGELIST_FRACTION	(8)

#ifdef CONFIG_USE_PERCPU_NUMA_NODE_ID
DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, numa_node);

EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(numa_node);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
/*
 * N.B., Do NOT reference the '_numa_mem_' per cpu variable directly.
 * It will not be defined when CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES is not defined.
 * Use the accessor functions set_numa_mem(), numa_mem_id() and cpu_to_mem()
 * defined in <linux/topology.h>.
 */
DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, _numa_mem_);		/* Kernel "local memory" node */

EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(_numa_mem_);

int _node_numa_mem_[MAX_NUMNODES];
#endif

/* work_structs for global per-cpu drains */

DEFINE_MUTEX(pcpu_drain_mutex);
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct work_struct, pcpu_drain);

#ifdef CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_LATENT_ENTROPY

volatile unsigned long latent_entropy __latent_entropy;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(latent_entropy);
#endif

/*
 * Array of node states.
 */

nodemask_t node_states[NR_NODE_STATES] __read_mostly = {
	[N_POSSIBLE] = NODE_MASK_ALL,
	[N_ONLINE] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#ifndef CONFIG_NUMA
	[N_NORMAL_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	[N_HIGH_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE
	[N_MEMORY] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#endif
	[N_CPU] = { { [0] = 1UL } },
#endif	/* NUMA */
};

EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_states);

/* Protect totalram_pages and zone->managed_pages */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(managed_page_count_lock);


unsigned long totalram_pages __read_mostly;

unsigned long totalreserve_pages __read_mostly;

unsigned long totalcma_pages __read_mostly;


int percpu_pagelist_fraction;

gfp_t gfp_allowed_mask __read_mostly = GFP_BOOT_MASK;

/*
 * A cached value of the page's pageblock's migratetype, used when the page is
 * put on a pcplist. Used to avoid the pageblock migratetype lookup when
 * freeing from pcplists in most cases, at the cost of possibly becoming stale.
 * Also the migratetype set in the page does not necessarily match the pcplist
 * index, e.g. page might have MIGRATE_CMA set but be on a pcplist with any
 * other index - this ensures that it will be put on the correct CMA freelist.
 */



static inline int get_pcppage_migratetype(struct page *page)
{
	return page->index;
}


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static inline void set_pcppage_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
{
	page->index = migratetype;
}


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#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
/*
 * The following functions are used by the suspend/hibernate code to temporarily
 * change gfp_allowed_mask in order to avoid using I/O during memory allocations
 * while devices are suspended.  To avoid races with the suspend/hibernate code,
 * they should always be called with pm_mutex held (gfp_allowed_mask also should
 * only be modified with pm_mutex held, unless the suspend/hibernate code is
 * guaranteed not to run in parallel with that modification).
 */


static gfp_t saved_gfp_mask;




void pm_restore_gfp_mask(void)
{
	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&pm_mutex));
	if (saved_gfp_mask) {
		gfp_allowed_mask = saved_gfp_mask;
		saved_gfp_mask = 0;
	}
}


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void pm_restrict_gfp_mask(void)
{
	WARN_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&pm_mutex));
	WARN_ON(saved_gfp_mask);
	saved_gfp_mask = gfp_allowed_mask;
	gfp_allowed_mask &= ~(__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS);
}


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Mel Gorman514.29%133.33%


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bool pm_suspended_storage(void)
{
	if ((gfp_allowed_mask & (__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS)) == (__GFP_IO | __GFP_FS))
		return false;
	return true;
}

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#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */

#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE

unsigned int pageblock_order __read_mostly;
#endif

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order);

/*
 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
 *      NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will leave (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
 *
 * TBD: should special case ZONE_DMA32 machines here - in those we normally
 * don't need any ZONE_NORMAL reservation
 */

int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES-1] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	 256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
	 256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	 32,
#endif
	 32,
};


EXPORT_SYMBOL(totalram_pages);


static char * const zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
	 "DMA",
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
	 "DMA32",
#endif
	 "Normal",
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	 "HighMem",
#endif
	 "Movable",
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE
	 "Device",
#endif
};


char * const migratetype_names[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
	"Unmovable",
	"Movable",
	"Reclaimable",
	"HighAtomic",
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
	"CMA",
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
	"Isolate",
#endif
};


compound_page_dtor * const compound_page_dtors[] = {
	NULL,
	free_compound_page,
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
	free_huge_page,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	free_transhuge_page,
#endif
};


int min_free_kbytes = 1024;

int user_min_free_kbytes = -1;

int watermark_scale_factor = 10;


static unsigned long __meminitdata nr_kernel_pages;

static unsigned long __meminitdata nr_all_pages;

static unsigned long __meminitdata dma_reserve;

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP

static unsigned long __meminitdata arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];

static unsigned long __meminitdata arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];

static unsigned long __initdata required_kernelcore;

static unsigned long __initdata required_movablecore;

static unsigned long __meminitdata zone_movable_pfn[MAX_NUMNODES];

static bool mirrored_kernelcore;

/* movable_zone is the "real" zone pages in ZONE_MOVABLE are taken from */

int movable_zone;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(movable_zone);
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */

#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1

int nr_node_ids __read_mostly = MAX_NUMNODES;

int nr_online_nodes __read_mostly = 1;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_node_ids);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_online_nodes);
#endif


int page_group_by_mobility_disabled __read_mostly;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT



static inline void reset_deferred_meminit(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	pgdat->first_deferred_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
}


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/* Returns true if the struct page for the pfn is uninitialised */



static inline bool __meminit early_page_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn)
{
	int nid = early_pfn_to_nid(pfn);

	if (node_online(nid) && pfn >= NODE_DATA(nid)->first_deferred_pfn)
		return true;

	return false;
}


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/*
 * Returns false when the remaining initialisation should be deferred until
 * later in the boot cycle when it can be parallelised.
 */



static inline bool update_defer_init(pg_data_t *pgdat,
				unsigned long pfn, unsigned long zone_end,
				unsigned long *nr_initialised)
{
	unsigned long max_initialise;

	/* Always populate low zones for address-contrained allocations */
	if (zone_end < pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat))
		return true;
	/*
         * Initialise at least 2G of a node but also take into account that
         * two large system hashes that can take up 1GB for 0.25TB/node.
         */
	max_initialise = max(2UL << (30 - PAGE_SHIFT),
		(pgdat->node_spanned_pages >> 8));

	(*nr_initialised)++;
	if ((*nr_initialised > max_initialise) &&
	    (pfn & (PAGES_PER_SECTION - 1)) == 0) {
		pgdat->first_deferred_pfn = pfn;
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

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#else



static inline void reset_deferred_meminit(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
}


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static inline bool early_page_uninitialised(unsigned long pfn)
{
	return false;
}


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static inline bool update_defer_init(pg_data_t *pgdat,
				unsigned long pfn, unsigned long zone_end,
				unsigned long *nr_initialised)
{
	return true;
}

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#endif

/* Return a pointer to the bitmap storing bits affecting a block of pages */



static inline unsigned long *get_pageblock_bitmap(struct page *page,
							unsigned long pfn)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
	return __pfn_to_section(pfn)->pageblock_flags;
#else
	return page_zone(page)->pageblock_flags;
#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
}


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static inline int pfn_to_bitidx(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
	pfn &= (PAGES_PER_SECTION-1);
	return (pfn >> pageblock_order) * NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS;
#else
	pfn = pfn - round_down(page_zone(page)->zone_start_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages);
	return (pfn >> pageblock_order) * NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS;
#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */
}


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Dave Hansen1218.18%333.33%


William Lee Irwin III57.58%111.11%


Cody P Schafer46.06%111.11%


Andrew Morton11.52%111.11%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)11.52%111.11%


Rik Van Riel11.52%111.11%


Total66100.00%9100.00%



/**
 * get_pfnblock_flags_mask - Return the requested group of flags for the pageblock_nr_pages block of pages
 * @page: The page within the block of interest
 * @pfn: The target page frame number
 * @end_bitidx: The last bit of interest to retrieve
 * @mask: mask of bits that the caller is interested in
 *
 * Return: pageblock_bits flags
 */



static __always_inline unsigned long __get_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page *page,
					unsigned long pfn,
					unsigned long end_bitidx,
					unsigned long mask)
{
	unsigned long *bitmap;
	unsigned long bitidx, word_bitidx;
	unsigned long word;

	bitmap = get_pageblock_bitmap(page, pfn);
	bitidx = pfn_to_bitidx(page, pfn);
	word_bitidx = bitidx / BITS_PER_LONG;
	bitidx &= (BITS_PER_LONG-1);

	word = bitmap[word_bitidx];
	bitidx += end_bitidx;
	return (word >> (BITS_PER_LONG - bitidx - 1)) & mask;
}


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William Lee Irwin III33.06%125.00%


Total98100.00%4100.00%






unsigned long get_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
					unsigned long end_bitidx,
					unsigned long mask)
{
	return __get_pfnblock_flags_mask(page, pfn, end_bitidx, mask);
}


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static __always_inline int get_pfnblock_migratetype(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn)
{
	return __get_pfnblock_flags_mask(page, pfn, PB_migrate_end, MIGRATETYPE_MASK);
}


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/**
 * set_pfnblock_flags_mask - Set the requested group of flags for a pageblock_nr_pages block of pages
 * @page: The page within the block of interest
 * @flags: The flags to set
 * @pfn: The target page frame number
 * @end_bitidx: The last bit of interest
 * @mask: mask of bits that the caller is interested in
 */



void set_pfnblock_flags_mask(struct page *page, unsigned long flags,
					unsigned long pfn,
					unsigned long end_bitidx,
					unsigned long mask)
{
	unsigned long *bitmap;
	unsigned long bitidx, word_bitidx;
	unsigned long old_word, word;

	BUILD_BUG_ON(NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS != 4);

	bitmap = get_pageblock_bitmap(page, pfn);
	bitidx = pfn_to_bitidx(page, pfn);
	word_bitidx = bitidx / BITS_PER_LONG;
	bitidx &= (BITS_PER_LONG-1);

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!zone_spans_pfn(page_zone(page), pfn), page);

	bitidx += end_bitidx;
	mask <<= (BITS_PER_LONG - bitidx - 1);
	flags <<= (BITS_PER_LONG - bitidx - 1);

	word = READ_ONCE(bitmap[word_bitidx]);
	for (;;) {
		old_word = cmpxchg(&bitmap[word_bitidx], word, (word & ~mask) | flags);
		if (word == old_word)
			break;
		word = old_word;
	}
}


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Hugh Dickins2514.53%214.29%


Andrew Morton126.98%214.29%


Vlastimil Babka52.91%214.29%


Dave Hansen42.33%17.14%


Fengguang Wu31.74%17.14%


Randy Dunlap21.16%17.14%


Rusty Russell10.58%17.14%


Nicholas Piggin10.58%17.14%


Dave Jones10.58%17.14%


William Lee Irwin III10.58%17.14%


Total172100.00%14100.00%






void set_pageblock_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
{
	if (unlikely(page_group_by_mobility_disabled &&
		     migratetype < MIGRATE_PCPTYPES))
		migratetype = MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE;

	set_pageblock_flags_group(page, (unsigned long)migratetype,
					PB_migrate, PB_migrate_end);
}


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Christoph Lameter12.33%133.33%


Total43100.00%3100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM



static int page_outside_zone_boundaries(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	int ret = 0;
	unsigned seq;
	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
	unsigned long sp, start_pfn;

	do {
		seq = zone_span_seqbegin(zone);
		start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
		sp = zone->spanned_pages;
		if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, pfn))
			ret = 1;
	} while (zone_span_seqretry(zone, seq));

	if (ret)
		pr_err("page 0x%lx outside node %d zone %s [ 0x%lx - 0x%lx ]\n",
			pfn, zone_to_nid(zone), zone->name,
			start_pfn, start_pfn + sp);

	return ret;
}


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Andrew Morton108.77%112.50%


Kirill A. Shutemov97.89%337.50%


Andy Whitcroft97.89%112.50%


Youquan Song32.63%112.50%


David Rientjes21.75%112.50%


Total114100.00%8100.00%






static int page_is_consistent(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page)))
		return 0;
	if (zone != page_zone(page))
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

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Christian Bornträger511.11%133.33%


Total45100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
 */



static int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	if (page_outside_zone_boundaries(zone, page))
		return 1;
	if (!page_is_consistent(zone, page))
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

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#else



static inline int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
	return 0;
}

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#endif




static void bad_page(struct page *page, const char *reason,
		unsigned long bad_flags)
{
	static unsigned long resume;
	static unsigned long nr_shown;
	static unsigned long nr_unshown;

	/*
         * Allow a burst of 60 reports, then keep quiet for that minute;
         * or allow a steady drip of one report per second.
         */
	if (nr_shown == 60) {
		if (time_before(jiffies, resume)) {
			nr_unshown++;
			goto out;
		}
		if (nr_unshown) {
			pr_alert(
			      "BUG: Bad page state: %lu messages suppressed\n",
				nr_unshown);
			nr_unshown = 0;
		}
		nr_shown = 0;
	}
	if (nr_shown++ == 0)
		resume = jiffies + 60 * HZ;

	pr_alert("BUG: Bad page state in process %s  pfn:%05lx\n",
		current->comm, page_to_pfn(page));
	__dump_page(page, reason);
	bad_flags &= page->flags;
	if (bad_flags)
		pr_alert("bad because of flags: %#lx(%pGp)\n",
						bad_flags, &bad_flags);
	dump_page_owner(page);

	print_modules();
	dump_stack();
out:
	/* Leave bad fields for debug, except PageBuddy could make trouble */
	page_mapcount_reset(page); /* remove PageBuddy */
	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
}


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JoonSoo Kim2213.33%250.00%


Total165100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages".  They are structured thusly:
 *
 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page" and have PG_head set.
 *
 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages". PageTail() is encoded
 * in bit 0 of page->compound_head. The rest of bits is pointer to head page.
 *
 * The first tail page's ->compound_dtor holds the offset in array of compound
 * page destructors. See compound_page_dtors.
 *
 * The first tail page's ->compound_order holds the order of allocation.
 * This usage means that zero-order pages may not be compound.
 */




void free_compound_page(struct page *page)
{
	__free_pages_ok(page, compound_order(page));
}


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void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	int i;
	int nr_pages = 1 << order;

	set_compound_page_dtor(page, COMPOUND_PAGE_DTOR);
	set_compound_order(page, order);
	__SetPageHead(page);
	for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;
		set_page_count(p, 0);
		p->mapping = TAIL_MAPPING;
		set_compound_head(p, page);
	}
	atomic_set(compound_mapcount_ptr(page), -1);
}


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Stanislaw Gruszka77.14%120.00%


Hugh Dickins66.12%120.00%


JoonSoo Kim55.10%120.00%


Total98100.00%5100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC

unsigned int _debug_guardpage_minorder;

bool _debug_pagealloc_enabled __read_mostly
			= IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC_ENABLE_DEFAULT);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(_debug_pagealloc_enabled);

bool _debug_guardpage_enabled __read_mostly;




static int __init early_debug_pagealloc(char *buf)
{
	if (!buf)
		return -EINVAL;
	return kstrtobool(buf, &_debug_pagealloc_enabled);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman2275.86%240.00%


Minfei Huang310.34%120.00%


Nicholas Piggin310.34%120.00%


Stanislaw Gruszka13.45%120.00%


Total29100.00%5100.00%



early_param("debug_pagealloc", early_debug_pagealloc);




static bool need_debug_guardpage(void)
{
	/* If we don't use debug_pagealloc, we don't need guard page */
	if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled())
		return false;

	if (!debug_guardpage_minorder())
		return false;

	return true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1860.00%133.33%


JoonSoo Kim930.00%133.33%


Stanislaw Gruszka310.00%133.33%


Total30100.00%3100.00%






static void init_debug_guardpage(void)
{
	if (!debug_pagealloc_enabled())
		return;

	if (!debug_guardpage_minorder())
		return;

	_debug_guardpage_enabled = true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1661.54%125.00%


JoonSoo Kim726.92%125.00%


Stanislaw Gruszka27.69%125.00%


Nicholas Piggin13.85%125.00%


Total26100.00%4100.00%




struct page_ext_operations debug_guardpage_ops = {
	.need = need_debug_guardpage,
	.init = init_debug_guardpage,
};




static int __init debug_guardpage_minorder_setup(char *buf)
{
	unsigned long res;

	if (kstrtoul(buf, 10, &res) < 0 ||  res > MAX_ORDER / 2) {
		pr_err("Bad debug_guardpage_minorder value\n");
		return 0;
	}
	_debug_guardpage_minorder = res;
	pr_info("Setting debug_guardpage_minorder to %lu\n", res);
	return 0;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman5186.44%250.00%


Weijie Yang46.78%125.00%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki46.78%125.00%


Total59100.00%4100.00%



early_param("debug_guardpage_minorder", debug_guardpage_minorder_setup);




static inline bool set_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
				unsigned int order, int migratetype)
{
	struct page_ext *page_ext;

	if (!debug_guardpage_enabled())
		return false;

	if (order >= debug_guardpage_minorder())
		return false;

	page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
	if (unlikely(!page_ext))
		return false;

	__set_bit(PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD, &page_ext->flags);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
	set_page_private(page, order);
	/* Guard pages are not available for any usage */
	__mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, -(1 << order), migratetype);

	return true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4844.04%419.05%


JoonSoo Kim2522.94%314.29%


Yang Shi87.34%14.76%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)76.42%314.29%


Andrew Morton54.59%314.29%


Vlastimil Babka43.67%14.76%


Kirill A. Shutemov32.75%14.76%


Cody P Schafer32.75%14.76%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki21.83%14.76%


Corrado Zoccolo21.83%14.76%


Sasha Levin10.92%14.76%


Hugh Dickins10.92%14.76%


Total109100.00%21100.00%






static inline void clear_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
				unsigned int order, int migratetype)
{
	struct page_ext *page_ext;

	if (!debug_guardpage_enabled())
		return;

	page_ext = lookup_page_ext(page);
	if (unlikely(!page_ext))
		return;

	__clear_bit(PAGE_EXT_DEBUG_GUARD, &page_ext->flags);

	set_page_private(page, 0);
	if (!is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))
		__mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, (1 << order), migratetype);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman5358.89%16.67%


Stanislaw Gruszka1213.33%16.67%


Yang Shi910.00%16.67%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)44.44%426.67%


Dave Hansen22.22%16.67%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki22.22%16.67%


Andy Whitcroft22.22%16.67%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz22.22%16.67%


Andrew Morton11.11%16.67%


Sasha Levin11.11%16.67%


Martin J. Bligh11.11%16.67%


Cho KyongHo11.11%16.67%


Total90100.00%15100.00%



#else

struct page_ext_operations debug_guardpage_ops;



static inline bool set_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
			unsigned int order, int migratetype) { return false; }

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman2177.78%150.00%


JoonSoo Kim622.22%150.00%


Total27100.00%2100.00%






static inline void clear_page_guard(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
				unsigned int order, int migratetype) {}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman23100.00%1100.00%


Total23100.00%1100.00%



#endif




static inline void set_page_order(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	set_page_private(page, order);
	__SetPageBuddy(page);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman2382.14%125.00%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki27.14%125.00%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)27.14%125.00%


Stanislaw Gruszka13.57%125.00%


Total28100.00%4100.00%






static inline void rmv_page_order(struct page *page)
{
	__ClearPageBuddy(page);
	set_page_private(page, 0);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1979.17%125.00%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)28.33%125.00%


Dave Hansen28.33%125.00%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki14.17%125.00%


Total24100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
 * we can do coalesce a page and its buddy if
 * (a) the buddy is not in a hole (check before calling!) &&
 * (b) the buddy is in the buddy system &&
 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order &&
 * (d) a page and its buddy are in the same zone.
 *
 * For recording whether a page is in the buddy system, we set ->_mapcount
 * PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE.
 * Setting, clearing, and testing _mapcount PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE is
 * serialized by zone->lock.
 *
 * For recording page's order, we use page_private(page).
 */



static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page *page, struct page *buddy,
							unsigned int order)
{
	if (page_is_guard(buddy) && page_order(buddy) == order) {
		if (page_zone_id(page) != page_zone_id(buddy))
			return 0;

		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(buddy) != 0, buddy);

		return 1;
	}

	if (PageBuddy(buddy) && page_order(buddy) == order) {
		/*
                 * zone check is done late to avoid uselessly
                 * calculating zone/node ids for pages that could
                 * never merge.
                 */
		if (page_zone_id(page) != page_zone_id(buddy))
			return 0;

		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_count(buddy) != 0, buddy);

		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman9076.92%125.00%


Vlastimil Babka1512.82%125.00%


Corrado Zoccolo86.84%125.00%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki43.42%125.00%


Total117100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
 *
 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
 * parts of the VM system.
 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with _mapcount
 * PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE. Page's order is recorded in page_private(page)
 * field.
 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
 * other.  That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were
 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.
 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.
 *
 * -- nyc
 */




static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
		unsigned long pfn,
		struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
		int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long combined_pfn;
	unsigned long uninitialized_var(buddy_pfn);
	struct page *buddy;
	unsigned int max_order;

	max_order = min_t(unsigned int, MAX_ORDER, pageblock_order + 1);

	VM_BUG_ON(!zone_is_initialized(zone));
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP, page);

	VM_BUG_ON(migratetype == -1);
	if (likely(!is_migrate_isolate(migratetype)))
		__mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, 1 << order, migratetype);

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(pfn & ((1 << order) - 1), page);
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(bad_range(zone, page), page);

continue_merging:
	while (order < max_order - 1) {
		buddy_pfn = __find_buddy_pfn(pfn, order);
		buddy = page + (buddy_pfn - pfn);

		if (!pfn_valid_within(buddy_pfn))
			goto done_merging;
		if (!page_is_buddy(page, buddy, order))
			goto done_merging;
		/*
                 * Our buddy is free or it is CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC guard page,
                 * merge with it and move up one order.
                 */
		if (page_is_guard(buddy)) {
			clear_page_guard(zone, buddy, order, migratetype);
		} else {
			list_del(&buddy->lru);
			zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
			rmv_page_order(buddy);
		}
		combined_pfn = buddy_pfn & pfn;
		page = page + (combined_pfn - pfn);
		pfn = combined_pfn;
		order++;
	}
	if (max_order < MAX_ORDER) {
		/* If we are here, it means order is >= pageblock_order.
                 * We want to prevent merge between freepages on isolate
                 * pageblock and normal pageblock. Without this, pageblock
                 * isolation could cause incorrect freepage or CMA accounting.
                 *
                 * We don't want to hit this code for the more frequent
                 * low-order merging.
                 */
		if (unlikely(has_isolate_pageblock(zone))) {
			int buddy_mt;

			buddy_pfn = __find_buddy_pfn(pfn, order);
			buddy = page + (buddy_pfn - pfn);
			buddy_mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(buddy);

			if (migratetype != buddy_mt
					&& (is_migrate_isolate(migratetype) ||
						is_migrate_isolate(buddy_mt)))
				goto done_merging;
		}
		max_order++;
		goto continue_merging;
	}

done_merging:
	set_page_order(page, order);

	/*
         * If this is not the largest possible page, check if the buddy
         * of the next-highest order is free. If it is, it's possible
         * that pages are being freed that will coalesce soon. In case,
         * that is happening, add the free page to the tail of the list
         * so it's less likely to be used soon and more likely to be merged
         * as a higher order page
         */
	if ((order < MAX_ORDER-2) && pfn_valid_within(buddy_pfn)) {
		struct page *higher_page, *higher_buddy;
		combined_pfn = buddy_pfn & pfn;
		higher_page = page + (combined_pfn - pfn);
		buddy_pfn = __find_buddy_pfn(combined_pfn, order + 1);
		higher_buddy = higher_page + (buddy_pfn - combined_pfn);
		if (pfn_valid_within(buddy_pfn) &&
		    page_is_buddy(higher_page, higher_buddy, order + 1)) {
			list_add_tail(&page->lru,
				&zone->free_area[order].free_list[migratetype]);
			goto out;
		}
	}

	list_add(&page->lru, &zone->free_area[order].free_list[migratetype]);
out:
	zone->free_area[order].nr_free++;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman36373.78%213.33%


Corrado Zoccolo459.15%16.67%


Vlastimil Babka428.54%213.33%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki153.05%16.67%


Cho KyongHo81.63%16.67%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)71.42%320.00%


Tony Luck51.02%16.67%


Nicholas Piggin40.81%16.67%


Andrew Morton20.41%213.33%


Dave Hansen10.20%16.67%


Total492100.00%15100.00%



/*
 * A bad page could be due to a number of fields. Instead of multiple branches,
 * try and check multiple fields with one check. The caller must do a detailed
 * check if necessary.
 */



static inline bool page_expected_state(struct page *page,
					unsigned long check_flags)
{
	if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1))
		return false;

	if (unlikely((unsigned long)page->mapping |
			page_ref_count(page) |
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
			(unsigned long)page->mem_cgroup |
#endif
			(page->flags & check_flags)))
		return false;

	return true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman80100.00%1100.00%


Total80100.00%1100.00%






static void free_pages_check_bad(struct page *page)
{
	const char *bad_reason;
	unsigned long bad_flags;

	bad_reason = NULL;
	bad_flags = 0;

	if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1))
		bad_reason = "nonzero mapcount";
	if (unlikely(page->mapping != NULL))
		bad_reason = "non-NULL mapping";
	if (unlikely(page_ref_count(page) != 0))
		bad_reason = "nonzero _refcount";
	if (unlikely(page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE)) {
		bad_reason = "PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE flag(s) set";
		bad_flags = PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
	if (unlikely(page->mem_cgroup))
		bad_reason = "page still charged to cgroup";
#endif
	bad_page(page, bad_reason, bad_flags);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Dave Hansen6248.82%18.33%


Andrew Morton3023.62%18.33%


Mel Gorman1310.24%216.67%


Kirill A. Shutemov86.30%216.67%


Johannes Weiner86.30%18.33%


Nicholas Piggin21.57%18.33%


JoonSoo Kim21.57%216.67%


Daisuke Nishimura10.79%18.33%


Russ Anderson10.79%18.33%


Total127100.00%12100.00%






static inline int free_pages_check(struct page *page)
{
	if (likely(page_expected_state(page, PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE)))
		return 0;

	/* Something has gone sideways, find it */
	free_pages_check_bad(page);
	return 1;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman3288.89%133.33%


Hugh Dickins411.11%266.67%


Total36100.00%3100.00%






static int free_tail_pages_check(struct page *head_page, struct page *page)
{
	int ret = 1;

	/*
         * We rely page->lru.next never has bit 0 set, unless the page
         * is PageTail(). Let's make sure that's true even for poisoned ->lru.
         */
	BUILD_BUG_ON((unsigned long)LIST_POISON1 & 1);

	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_VM)) {
		ret = 0;
		goto out;
	}
	switch (page - head_page) {
	case 1:
		/* the first tail page: ->mapping is compound_mapcount() */
		if (unlikely(compound_mapcount(page))) {
			bad_page(page, "nonzero compound_mapcount", 0);
			goto out;
		}
		break;
	case 2:
		/*
                 * the second tail page: ->mapping is
                 * page_deferred_list().next -- ignore value.
                 */
		break;
	default:
		if (page->mapping != TAIL_MAPPING) {
			bad_page(page, "corrupted mapping in tail page", 0);
			goto out;
		}
		break;
	}
	if (unlikely(!PageTail(page))) {
		bad_page(page, "PageTail not set", 0);
		goto out;
	}
	if (unlikely(compound_head(page) != head_page)) {
		bad_page(page, "compound_head not consistent", 0);
		goto out;
	}
	ret = 0;
out:
	page->mapping = NULL;
	clear_compound_head(page);
	return ret;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman187100.00%1100.00%


Total187100.00%1100.00%






static __always_inline bool free_pages_prepare(struct page *page,
					unsigned int order, bool check_free)
{
	int bad = 0;

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageTail(page), page);

	trace_mm_page_free(page, order);
	kmemcheck_free_shadow(page, order);

	/*
         * Check tail pages before head page information is cleared to
         * avoid checking PageCompound for order-0 pages.
         */
	if (unlikely(order)) {
		bool compound = PageCompound(page);
		int i;

		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(compound && compound_order(page) != order, page);

		if (compound)
			ClearPageDoubleMap(page);
		for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++) {
			if (compound)
				bad += free_tail_pages_check(page, page + i);
			if (unlikely(free_pages_check(page + i))) {
				bad++;
				continue;
			}
			(page + i)->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
		}
	}
	if (PageMappingFlags(page))
		page->mapping = NULL;
	if (memcg_kmem_enabled() && PageKmemcg(page))
		memcg_kmem_uncharge(page, order);
	if (check_free)
		bad += free_pages_check(page);
	if (bad)
		return false;

	page_cpupid_reset_last(page);
	page->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
	reset_page_owner(page, order);

	if (!PageHighMem(page)) {
		debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page),
					   PAGE_SIZE << order);
		debug_check_no_obj_freed(page_address(page),
					   PAGE_SIZE << order);
	}
	arch_free_page(page, order);
	kernel_poison_pages(page, 1 << order, 0);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 0);
	kasan_free_pages(page, order);

	return true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman26188.47%233.33%


Vladimir Davydov175.76%116.67%


Kirill A. Shutemov93.05%116.67%


seokhoon.yoon72.37%116.67%


MinChan Kim10.34%116.67%


Total295100.00%6100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM



static inline bool free_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
	return free_pages_prepare(page, 0, true);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman22100.00%2100.00%


Total22100.00%2100.00%






static inline bool bulkfree_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
	return false;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman15100.00%1100.00%


Total15100.00%1100.00%



#else



static bool free_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
	return free_pages_prepare(page, 0, false);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman21100.00%1100.00%


Total21100.00%1100.00%






static bool bulkfree_pcp_prepare(struct page *page)
{
	return free_pages_check(page);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman17100.00%1100.00%


Total17100.00%1100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */

/*
 * Frees a number of pages from the PCP lists
 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
 * count is the number of pages to free.
 *
 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
 * see if this freeing clears that state.
 *
 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
 * pinned" detection logic.
 */



static void free_pcppages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
					struct per_cpu_pages *pcp)
{
	int migratetype = 0;
	int batch_free = 0;
	unsigned long nr_scanned;
	bool isolated_pageblocks;

	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	isolated_pageblocks = has_isolate_pageblock(zone);
	nr_scanned = node_page_state(zone->zone_pgdat, NR_PAGES_SCANNED);
	if (nr_scanned)
		__mod_node_page_state(zone->zone_pgdat, NR_PAGES_SCANNED, -nr_scanned);

	while (count) {
		struct page *page;
		struct list_head *list;

		/*
                 * Remove pages from lists in a round-robin fashion. A
                 * batch_free count is maintained that is incremented when an
                 * empty list is encountered.  This is so more pages are freed
                 * off fuller lists instead of spinning excessively around empty
                 * lists
                 */
		do {
			batch_free++;
			if (++migratetype == MIGRATE_PCPTYPES)
				migratetype = 0;
			list = &pcp->lists[migratetype];
		} while (list_empty(list));

		/* This is the only non-empty list. Free them all. */
		if (batch_free == MIGRATE_PCPTYPES)
			batch_free = count;

		do {
			int mt;	/* migratetype of the to-be-freed page */

			page = list_last_entry(list, struct page, lru);
			/* must delete as __free_one_page list manipulates */
			list_del(&page->lru);

			mt = get_pcppage_migratetype(page);
			/* MIGRATE_ISOLATE page should not go to pcplists */
			VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(is_migrate_isolate(mt), page);
			/* Pageblock could have been isolated meanwhile */
			if (unlikely(isolated_pageblocks))
				mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);

			if (bulkfree_pcp_prepare(page))
				continue;

			__free_one_page(page, page_to_pfn(page), zone, 0, mt);
			trace_mm_page_pcpu_drain(page, 0, mt);
		} while (--count && --batch_free && !list_empty(list));
	}
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman12247.29%940.91%


Andrew Morton5521.32%313.64%


JoonSoo Kim259.69%14.55%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz186.98%29.09%


Vlastimil Babka135.04%29.09%


Nicholas Piggin124.65%14.55%


Namhyung Kim103.88%14.55%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)20.78%29.09%


Geliang Tang10.39%14.55%


Total258100.00%22100.00%






static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone,
				struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
				unsigned int order,
				int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long nr_scanned;
	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	nr_scanned = node_page_state(zone->zone_pgdat, NR_PAGES_SCANNED);
	if (nr_scanned)
		__mod_node_page_state(zone->zone_pgdat, NR_PAGES_SCANNED, -nr_scanned);

	if (unlikely(has_isolate_pageblock(zone) ||
		is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))) {
		migratetype = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
	}
	__free_one_page(page, pfn, zone, order, migratetype);
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4136.28%763.64%


JoonSoo Kim3329.20%19.09%


Nicholas Piggin2824.78%19.09%


Christoph Lameter108.85%19.09%


Andrew Morton10.88%19.09%


Total113100.00%11100.00%






static void __meminit __init_single_page(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
				unsigned long zone, int nid)
{
	set_page_links(page, zone, nid, pfn);
	init_page_count(page);
	page_mapcount_reset(page);
	page_cpupid_reset_last(page);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
#ifdef WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL
	/* The shift won't overflow because ZONE_NORMAL is below 4G. */
	if (!is_highmem_idx(zone))
		set_page_address(page, __va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT));
#endif
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Robin Holt83100.00%1100.00%


Total83100.00%1100.00%






static void __meminit __init_single_pfn(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long zone,
					int nid)
{
	return __init_single_page(pfn_to_page(pfn), pfn, zone, nid);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Robin Holt33100.00%1100.00%


Total33100.00%1100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT



static void init_reserved_page(unsigned long pfn)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat;
	int nid, zid;

	if (!early_page_uninitialised(pfn))
		return;

	nid = early_pfn_to_nid(pfn);
	pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

	for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
		struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zid];

		if (pfn >= zone->zone_start_pfn && pfn < zone_end_pfn(zone))
			break;
	}
	__init_single_pfn(pfn, zid, nid);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman95100.00%1100.00%


Total95100.00%1100.00%



#else



static inline void init_reserved_page(unsigned long pfn)
{
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman10100.00%1100.00%


Total10100.00%1100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT */

/*
 * Initialised pages do not have PageReserved set. This function is
 * called for each range allocated by the bootmem allocator and
 * marks the pages PageReserved. The remaining valid pages are later
 * sent to the buddy page allocator.
 */



void __meminit reserve_bootmem_region(phys_addr_t start, phys_addr_t end)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn = PFN_DOWN(start);
	unsigned long end_pfn = PFN_UP(end);

	for (; start_pfn < end_pfn; start_pfn++) {
		if (pfn_valid(start_pfn)) {
			struct page *page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);

			init_reserved_page(start_pfn);

			/* Avoid false-positive PageTail() */
			INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);

			SetPageReserved(page);
		}
	}
}


Contributors
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Nathan Zimmer5062.50%125.00%


Mel Gorman1923.75%125.00%


Kirill A. Shutemov911.25%125.00%


Stefan Bader22.50%125.00%


Total80100.00%4100.00%






static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int migratetype;
	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);

	if (!free_pages_prepare(page, order, true))
		return;

	migratetype = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
	local_irq_save(flags);
	__count_vm_events(PGFREE, 1 << order);
	free_one_page(page_zone(page), page, pfn, order, migratetype);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4652.27%541.67%


Motohiro Kosaki2629.55%18.33%


Andrew Morton77.95%18.33%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)44.55%325.00%


MinChan Kim33.41%18.33%


Nicholas Piggin22.27%18.33%


Total88100.00%12100.00%






static void __init __free_pages_boot_core(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned int nr_pages = 1 << order;
	struct page *p = page;
	unsigned int loop;

	prefetchw(p);
	for (loop = 0; loop < (nr_pages - 1); loop++, p++) {
		prefetchw(p + 1);
		__ClearPageReserved(p);
		set_page_count(p, 0);
	}
	__ClearPageReserved(p);
	set_page_count(p, 0);

	page_zone(page)->managed_pages += nr_pages;
	set_page_refcounted(page);
	__free_pages(page, order);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Howells5850.88%111.11%


Yinghai Lu2824.56%111.11%


Johannes Weiner97.89%111.11%


Jiang Liu87.02%111.11%


Nicholas Piggin76.14%222.22%


Mel Gorman43.51%333.33%


Total114100.00%9100.00%



#if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID) || \
	defined(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP)


static struct mminit_pfnnid_cache early_pfnnid_cache __meminitdata;




int __meminit early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
{
	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(early_pfn_lock);
	int nid;

	spin_lock(&early_pfn_lock);
	nid = __early_pfn_to_nid(pfn, &early_pfnnid_cache);
	if (nid < 0)
		nid = first_online_node;
	spin_unlock(&early_pfn_lock);

	return nid;
}

Contributors
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Mel Gorman54100.00%3100.00%


Total54100.00%3100.00%



#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NODES_SPAN_OTHER_NODES



static inline bool __meminit meminit_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn, int node,
					struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state)
{
	int nid;

	nid = __early_pfn_to_nid(pfn, state);
	if (nid >= 0 && nid != node)
		return false;
	return true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman48100.00%1100.00%


Total48100.00%1100.00%



/* Only safe to use early in boot when initialisation is single-threaded */



static inline bool __meminit early_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn, int node)
{
	return meminit_pfn_in_nid(pfn, node, &early_pfnnid_cache);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman26100.00%1100.00%


Total26100.00%1100.00%



#else




static inline bool __meminit early_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn, int node)
{
	return true;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman18100.00%1100.00%


Total18100.00%1100.00%






static inline bool __meminit meminit_pfn_in_nid(unsigned long pfn, int node,
					struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state)
{
	return true;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman23100.00%1100.00%


Total23100.00%1100.00%



#endif





void __init __free_pages_bootmem(struct page *page, unsigned long pfn,
							unsigned int order)
{
	if (early_page_uninitialised(pfn))
		return;
	return __free_pages_boot_core(page, order);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman35100.00%2100.00%


Total35100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * Check that the whole (or subset of) a pageblock given by the interval of
 * [start_pfn, end_pfn) is valid and within the same zone, before scanning it
 * with the migration of free compaction scanner. The scanners then need to
 * use only pfn_valid_within() check for arches that allow holes within
 * pageblocks.
 *
 * Return struct page pointer of start_pfn, or NULL if checks were not passed.
 *
 * It's possible on some configurations to have a setup like node0 node1 node0
 * i.e. it's possible that all pages within a zones range of pages do not
 * belong to a single zone. We assume that a border between node0 and node1
 * can occur within a single pageblock, but not a node0 node1 node0
 * interleaving within a single pageblock. It is therefore sufficient to check
 * the first and last page of a pageblock and avoid checking each individual
 * page in a pageblock.
 */



struct page *__pageblock_pfn_to_page(unsigned long start_pfn,
				     unsigned long end_pfn, struct zone *zone)
{
	struct page *start_page;
	struct page *end_page;

	/* end_pfn is one past the range we are checking */
	end_pfn--;

	if (!pfn_valid(start_pfn) || !pfn_valid(end_pfn))
		return NULL;

	start_page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);

	if (page_zone(start_page) != zone)
		return NULL;

	end_page = pfn_to_page(end_pfn);

	/* This gives a shorter code than deriving page_zone(end_page) */
	if (page_zone_id(start_page) != page_zone_id(end_page))
		return NULL;

	return start_page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim96100.00%1100.00%


Total96100.00%1100.00%






void set_zone_contiguous(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long block_start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;
	unsigned long block_end_pfn;

	block_end_pfn = ALIGN(block_start_pfn + 1, pageblock_nr_pages);
	for (; block_start_pfn < zone_end_pfn(zone);
			block_start_pfn = block_end_pfn,
			 block_end_pfn += pageblock_nr_pages) {

		block_end_pfn = min(block_end_pfn, zone_end_pfn(zone));

		if (!__pageblock_pfn_to_page(block_start_pfn,
					     block_end_pfn, zone))
			return;
	}

	/* We confirm that there is no hole */
	zone->contiguous = true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim85100.00%1100.00%


Total85100.00%1100.00%






void clear_zone_contiguous(struct zone *zone)
{
	zone->contiguous = false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim16100.00%1100.00%


Total16100.00%1100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT



static void __init deferred_free_range(struct page *page,
					unsigned long pfn, int nr_pages)
{
	int i;

	if (!page)
		return;

	/* Free a large naturally-aligned chunk if possible */
	if (nr_pages == pageblock_nr_pages &&
	    (pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) == 0) {
		set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
		__free_pages_boot_core(page, pageblock_order);
		return;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, page++, pfn++) {
		if ((pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) == 0)
			set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
		__free_pages_boot_core(page, 0);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman8474.34%375.00%


Xishi Qiu2925.66%125.00%


Total113100.00%4100.00%



/* Completion tracking for deferred_init_memmap() threads */

static atomic_t pgdat_init_n_undone __initdata;
static __initdata DECLARE_COMPLETION(pgdat_init_all_done_comp);




static inline void __init pgdat_init_report_one_done(void)
{
	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&pgdat_init_n_undone))
		complete(&pgdat_init_all_done_comp);
}


Contributors
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Nicolai Stange24100.00%1100.00%


Total24100.00%1100.00%



/* Initialise remaining memory on a node */



static int __init deferred_init_memmap(void *data)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat = data;
	int nid = pgdat->node_id;
	struct mminit_pfnnid_cache nid_init_state = { };
	unsigned long start = jiffies;
	unsigned long nr_pages = 0;
	unsigned long walk_start, walk_end;
	int i, zid;
	struct zone *zone;
	unsigned long first_init_pfn = pgdat->first_deferred_pfn;
	const struct cpumask *cpumask = cpumask_of_node(pgdat->node_id);

	if (first_init_pfn == ULONG_MAX) {
		pgdat_init_report_one_done();
		return 0;
	}

	/* Bind memory initialisation thread to a local node if possible */
	if (!cpumask_empty(cpumask))
		set_cpus_allowed_ptr(current, cpumask);

	/* Sanity check boundaries */
	BUG_ON(pgdat->first_deferred_pfn < pgdat->node_start_pfn);
	BUG_ON(pgdat->first_deferred_pfn > pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat));
	pgdat->first_deferred_pfn = ULONG_MAX;

	/* Only the highest zone is deferred so find it */
	for (zid = 0; zid < MAX_NR_ZONES; zid++) {
		zone = pgdat->node_zones + zid;
		if (first_init_pfn < zone_end_pfn(zone))
			break;
	}

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &walk_start, &walk_end, NULL) {
		unsigned long pfn, end_pfn;
		struct page *page = NULL;
		struct page *free_base_page = NULL;
		unsigned long free_base_pfn = 0;
		int nr_to_free = 0;

		end_pfn = min(walk_end, zone_end_pfn(zone));
		pfn = first_init_pfn;
		if (pfn < walk_start)
			pfn = walk_start;
		if (pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
			pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;

		for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
			if (!pfn_valid_within(pfn))
				goto free_range;

			/*
                         * Ensure pfn_valid is checked every
                         * pageblock_nr_pages for memory holes
                         */
			if ((pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) == 0) {
				if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
					page = NULL;
					goto free_range;
				}
			}

			if (!meminit_pfn_in_nid(pfn, nid, &nid_init_state)) {
				page = NULL;
				goto free_range;
			}

			/* Minimise pfn page lookups and scheduler checks */
			if (page && (pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1)) != 0) {
				page++;
			} else {
				nr_pages += nr_to_free;
				deferred_free_range(free_base_page,
						free_base_pfn, nr_to_free);
				free_base_page = NULL;
				free_base_pfn = nr_to_free = 0;

				page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
				cond_resched();
			}

			if (page->flags) {
				VM_BUG_ON(page_zone(page) != zone);
				goto free_range;
			}

			__init_single_page(page, pfn, zid, nid);
			if (!free_base_page) {
				free_base_page = page;
				free_base_pfn = pfn;
				nr_to_free = 0;
			}
			nr_to_free++;

			/* Where possible, batch up pages for a single free */
			continue;
free_range:
			/* Free the current block of pages to allocator */
			nr_pages += nr_to_free;
			deferred_free_range(free_base_page, free_base_pfn,
								nr_to_free);
			free_base_page = NULL;
			free_base_pfn = nr_to_free = 0;
		}
		/* Free the last block of pages to allocator */
		nr_pages += nr_to_free;
		deferred_free_range(free_base_page, free_base_pfn, nr_to_free);

		first_init_pfn = max(end_pfn, first_init_pfn);
	}

	/* Sanity check that the next zone really is unpopulated */
	WARN_ON(++zid < MAX_NR_ZONES && populated_zone(++zone));

	pr_info("node %d initialised, %lu pages in %ums\n", nid, nr_pages,
					jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - start));

	pgdat_init_report_one_done();
	return 0;
}

Contributors
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Mel Gorman51696.09%466.67%


Xishi Qiu173.17%116.67%


Nicolai Stange40.74%116.67%


Total537100.00%6100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT */




void __init page_alloc_init_late(void)
{
	struct zone *zone;

#ifdef CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT
	int nid;

	/* There will be num_node_state(N_MEMORY) threads */
	atomic_set(&pgdat_init_n_undone, num_node_state(N_MEMORY));
	for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) {
		kthread_run(deferred_init_memmap, NODE_DATA(nid), "pgdatinit%d", nid);
	}

	/* Block until all are initialised */
	wait_for_completion(&pgdat_init_all_done_comp);

	/* Reinit limits that are based on free pages after the kernel is up */
	files_maxfiles_init();
#endif

	for_each_populated_zone(zone)
		set_zone_contiguous(zone);
}


Contributors
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Mel Gorman4357.33%360.00%


JoonSoo Kim1824.00%120.00%


Nicolai Stange1418.67%120.00%


Total75100.00%5100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
/* Free whole pageblock and set its migration type to MIGRATE_CMA. */



void __init init_cma_reserved_pageblock(struct page *page)
{
	unsigned i = pageblock_nr_pages;
	struct page *p = page;

	do {
		__ClearPageReserved(p);
		set_page_count(p, 0);
	} while (++p, --i);

	set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_CMA);

	if (pageblock_order >= MAX_ORDER) {
		i = pageblock_nr_pages;
		p = page;
		do {
			set_page_refcounted(p);
			__free_pages(p, MAX_ORDER - 1);
			p += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES;
		} while (i -= MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
	} else {
		set_page_refcounted(page);
		__free_pages(page, pageblock_order);
	}

	adjust_managed_page_count(page, pageblock_nr_pages);
}

Contributors
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Michal Nazarewicz11394.17%250.00%


Marek Szyprowski43.33%125.00%


Jiang Liu32.50%125.00%


Total120100.00%4100.00%



#endif

/*
 * The order of subdivision here is critical for the IO subsystem.
 * Please do not alter this order without good reasons and regression
 * testing. Specifically, as large blocks of memory are subdivided,
 * the order in which smaller blocks are delivered depends on the order
 * they're subdivided in this function. This is the primary factor
 * influencing the order in which pages are delivered to the IO
 * subsystem according to empirical testing, and this is also justified
 * by considering the behavior of a buddy system containing a single
 * large block of memory acted on by a series of small allocations.
 * This behavior is a critical factor in sglist merging's success.
 *
 * -- nyc
 */



static inline void expand(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
	int low, int high, struct free_area *area,
	int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long size = 1 << high;

	while (high > low) {
		area--;
		high--;
		size >>= 1;
		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(bad_range(zone, &page[size]), &page[size]);

		/*
                 * Mark as guard pages (or page), that will allow to
                 * merge back to allocator when buddy will be freed.
                 * Corresponding page table entries will not be touched,
                 * pages will stay not present in virtual address space
                 */
		if (set_page_guard(zone, &page[size], high, migratetype))
			continue;

		list_add(&page[size].lru, &area->free_list[migratetype]);
		area->nr_free++;
		set_page_order(&page[size], high);
	}
}


Contributors
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Linus Torvalds (pre-git)6448.85%526.32%


Andrew Morton2317.56%421.05%


Stanislaw Gruszka129.16%15.26%


Sasha Levin75.34%15.26%


Nicholas Piggin64.58%210.53%


Mel Gorman64.58%15.26%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki53.82%15.26%


JoonSoo Kim53.82%210.53%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz21.53%15.26%


William Lee Irwin III10.76%15.26%


Total131100.00%19100.00%






static void check_new_page_bad(struct page *page)
{
	const char *bad_reason = NULL;
	unsigned long bad_flags = 0;

	if (unlikely(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1))
		bad_reason = "nonzero mapcount";
	if (unlikely(page->mapping != NULL))
		bad_reason = "non-NULL mapping";
	if (unlikely(page_ref_count(page) != 0))
		bad_reason = "nonzero _count";
	if (unlikely(page->flags & __PG_HWPOISON)) {
		bad_reason = "HWPoisoned (hardware-corrupted)";
		bad_flags = __PG_HWPOISON;
		/* Don't complain about hwpoisoned pages */
		page_mapcount_reset(page); /* remove PageBuddy */
		return;
	}
	if (unlikely(page->flags & PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP)) {
		bad_reason = "PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP flag set";
		bad_flags = PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
	if (unlikely(page->mem_cgroup))
		bad_reason = "page still charged to cgroup";
#endif
	bad_page(page, bad_reason, bad_flags);
}


Contributors
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Dave Hansen6240.79%15.88%


Naoya Horiguchi2919.08%211.76%


Andrew Morton2315.13%317.65%


Johannes Weiner85.26%15.88%


Kirill A. Shutemov85.26%211.76%


Hugh Dickins85.26%211.76%


Vlastimil Babka63.95%15.88%


Mel Gorman31.97%15.88%


Nicholas Piggin21.32%15.88%


Russ Anderson10.66%15.88%


JoonSoo Kim10.66%15.88%


Daisuke Nishimura10.66%15.88%


Total152100.00%17100.00%



/*
 * This page is about to be returned from the page allocator
 */



static inline int check_new_page(struct page *page)
{
	if (likely(page_expected_state(page,
				PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP|__PG_HWPOISON)))
		return 0;

	check_new_page_bad(page);
	return 1;
}


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Vlastimil Babka3389.19%150.00%


Fengguang Wu410.81%150.00%


Total37100.00%2100.00%






static inline bool free_pages_prezeroed(bool poisoned)
{
	return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING_ZERO) &&
		page_poisoning_enabled() && poisoned;
}


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Laura Abbott21100.00%1100.00%


Total21100.00%1100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM



static bool check_pcp_refill(struct page *page)
{
	return false;
}


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Mel Gorman14100.00%1100.00%


Total14100.00%1100.00%






static bool check_new_pcp(struct page *page)
{
	return check_new_page(page);
}

Contributors
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Mel Gorman17100.00%1100.00%


Total17100.00%1100.00%



#else



static bool check_pcp_refill(struct page *page)
{
	return check_new_page(page);
}

Contributors
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Mel Gorman1694.12%150.00%


Fengguang Wu15.88%150.00%


Total17100.00%2100.00%






static bool check_new_pcp(struct page *page)
{
	return false;
}

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Mel Gorman14100.00%1100.00%


Total14100.00%1100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */




static bool check_new_pages(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;

		if (unlikely(check_new_page(p)))
			return true;
	}

	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman6198.39%150.00%


Fengguang Wu11.61%150.00%


Total62100.00%2100.00%






inline void post_alloc_hook(struct page *page, unsigned int order,
				gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
	set_page_private(page, 0);
	set_page_refcounted(page);

	arch_alloc_page(page, order);
	kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);
	kernel_poison_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);
	kasan_alloc_pages(page, order);
	set_page_owner(page, order, gfp_flags);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim75100.00%1100.00%


Total75100.00%1100.00%






static void prep_new_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order, gfp_t gfp_flags,
							unsigned int alloc_flags)
{
	int i;
	bool poisoned = true;

	for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
		struct page *p = page + i;
		if (poisoned)
			poisoned &= page_is_poisoned(p);
	}

	post_alloc_hook(page, order, gfp_flags);

	if (!free_pages_prezeroed(poisoned) && (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO))
		for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
			clear_highpage(page + i);

	if (order && (gfp_flags & __GFP_COMP))
		prep_compound_page(page, order);

	/*
         * page is set pfmemalloc when ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was necessary to
         * allocate the page. The expectation is that the caller is taking
         * steps that will free more memory. The caller should avoid the page
         * being used for !PFMEMALLOC purposes.
         */
	if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS)
		set_page_pfmemalloc(page);
	else
		clear_page_pfmemalloc(page);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Fengguang Wu4731.13%17.14%


Nicholas Piggin3120.53%214.29%


Laura Abbott2214.57%17.14%


Anisse Astier2013.25%17.14%


Michal Hocko149.27%17.14%


Vlastimil Babka74.64%17.14%


Mel Gorman42.65%321.43%


Andrey Ryabinin21.32%17.14%


JoonSoo Kim21.32%17.14%


Andrew Morton10.66%17.14%


Linus Torvalds10.66%17.14%


Total151100.00%14100.00%



/*
 * Go through the free lists for the given migratetype and remove
 * the smallest available page from the freelists
 */


static inline

struct page *__rmqueue_smallest(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
						int migratetype)
{
	unsigned int current_order;
	struct free_area *area;
	struct page *page;

	/* Find a page of the appropriate size in the preferred list */
	for (current_order = order; current_order < MAX_ORDER; ++current_order) {
		area = &(zone->free_area[current_order]);
		page = list_first_entry_or_null(&area->free_list[migratetype],
							struct page, lru);
		if (!page)
			continue;
		list_del(&page->lru);
		rmv_page_order(page);
		area->nr_free--;
		expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area, migratetype);
		set_pcppage_migratetype(page, migratetype);
		return page;
	}

	return NULL;
}



Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman11888.72%240.00%


Geliang Tang86.02%120.00%


Vlastimil Babka75.26%240.00%


Total133100.00%5100.00%



/*
 * This array describes the order lists are fallen back to when
 * the free lists for the desirable migrate type are depleted
 */

static int fallbacks[MIGRATE_TYPES][4] = {
	[MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE]   = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_MOVABLE,   MIGRATE_TYPES },
	[MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE] = { MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE,   MIGRATE_MOVABLE,   MIGRATE_TYPES },
	[MIGRATE_MOVABLE]     = { MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE, MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE, MIGRATE_TYPES },
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
	[MIGRATE_CMA]         = { MIGRATE_TYPES }, /* Never used */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
	[MIGRATE_ISOLATE]     = { MIGRATE_TYPES }, /* Never used */
#endif
};

#ifdef CONFIG_CMA



static struct page *__rmqueue_cma_fallback(struct zone *zone,
					unsigned int order)
{
	return __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, MIGRATE_CMA);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim27100.00%1100.00%


Total27100.00%1100.00%



#else



static inline struct page *__rmqueue_cma_fallback(struct zone *zone,
					unsigned int order) { return NULL; }

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim21100.00%1100.00%


Total21100.00%1100.00%



#endif

/*
 * Move the free pages in a range to the free lists of the requested type.
 * Note that start_page and end_pages are not aligned on a pageblock
 * boundary. If alignment is required, use move_freepages_block()
 */



int move_freepages(struct zone *zone,
			  struct page *start_page, struct page *end_page,
			  int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;
	unsigned int order;
	int pages_moved = 0;

#ifndef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
	/*
         * page_zone is not safe to call in this context when
         * CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE is set. This bug check is probably redundant
         * anyway as we check zone boundaries in move_freepages_block().
         * Remove at a later date when no bug reports exist related to
         * grouping pages by mobility
         */
	VM_BUG_ON(page_zone(start_page) != page_zone(end_page));
#endif

	for (page = start_page; page <= end_page;) {
		if (!pfn_valid_within(page_to_pfn(page))) {
			page++;
			continue;
		}

		/* Make sure we are not inadvertently changing nodes */
		VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_to_nid(page) != zone_to_nid(zone), page);

		if (!PageBuddy(page)) {
			page++;
			continue;
		}

		order = page_order(page);
		list_move(&page->lru,
			  &zone->free_area[order].free_list[migratetype]);
		page += 1 << order;
		pages_moved += 1 << order;
	}

	return pages_moved;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman14188.68%457.14%


Ard Biesheuvel1610.06%114.29%


Kirill A. Shutemov21.26%228.57%


Total159100.00%7100.00%






int move_freepages_block(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
				int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	struct page *start_page, *end_page;

	start_pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
	start_pfn = start_pfn & ~(pageblock_nr_pages-1);
	start_page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
	end_page = start_page + pageblock_nr_pages - 1;
	end_pfn = start_pfn + pageblock_nr_pages - 1;

	/* Do not cross zone boundaries */
	if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, start_pfn))
		start_page = page;
	if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, end_pfn))
		return 0;

	return move_freepages(zone, start_page, end_page, migratetype);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman10189.38%266.67%


Cody P Schafer1210.62%133.33%


Total113100.00%3100.00%






static void change_pageblock_range(struct page *pageblock_page,
					int start_order, int migratetype)
{
	int nr_pageblocks = 1 << (start_order - pageblock_order);

	while (nr_pageblocks--) {
		set_pageblock_migratetype(pageblock_page, migratetype);
		pageblock_page += pageblock_nr_pages;
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman46100.00%1100.00%


Total46100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * When we are falling back to another migratetype during allocation, try to
 * steal extra free pages from the same pageblocks to satisfy further
 * allocations, instead of polluting multiple pageblocks.
 *
 * If we are stealing a relatively large buddy page, it is likely there will
 * be more free pages in the pageblock, so try to steal them all. For
 * reclaimable and unmovable allocations, we steal regardless of page size,
 * as fragmentation caused by those allocations polluting movable pageblocks
 * is worse than movable allocations stealing from unmovable and reclaimable
 * pageblocks.
 */



static bool can_steal_fallback(unsigned int order, int start_mt)
{
	/*
         * Leaving this order check is intended, although there is
         * relaxed order check in next check. The reason is that
         * we can actually steal whole pageblock if this condition met,
         * but, below check doesn't guarantee it and that is just heuristic
         * so could be changed anytime.
         */
	if (order >= pageblock_order)
		return true;

	if (order >= pageblock_order / 2 ||
		start_mt == MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE ||
		start_mt == MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE ||
		page_group_by_mobility_disabled)
		return true;

	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim47100.00%1100.00%


Total47100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * This function implements actual steal behaviour. If order is large enough,
 * we can steal whole pageblock. If not, we first move freepages in this
 * pageblock and check whether half of pages are moved or not. If half of
 * pages are moved, we can change migratetype of pageblock and permanently
 * use it's pages as requested migratetype in the future.
 */



static void steal_suitable_fallback(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
							  int start_type)
{
	unsigned int current_order = page_order(page);
	int pages;

	/* Take ownership for orders >= pageblock_order */
	if (current_order >= pageblock_order) {
		change_pageblock_range(page, current_order, start_type);
		return;
	}

	pages = move_freepages_block(zone, page, start_type);

	/* Claim the whole block if over half of it is free */
	if (pages >= (1 << (pageblock_order-1)) ||
			page_group_by_mobility_disabled)
		set_pageblock_migratetype(page, start_type);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Srivatsa S. Bhat7891.76%125.00%


JoonSoo Kim44.71%125.00%


Vlastimil Babka22.35%125.00%


Kirill A. Shutemov11.18%125.00%


Total85100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * Check whether there is a suitable fallback freepage with requested order.
 * If only_stealable is true, this function returns fallback_mt only if
 * we can steal other freepages all together. This would help to reduce
 * fragmentation due to mixed migratetype pages in one pageblock.
 */



int find_suitable_fallback(struct free_area *area, unsigned int order,
			int migratetype, bool only_stealable, bool *can_steal)
{
	int i;
	int fallback_mt;

	if (area->nr_free == 0)
		return -1;

	*can_steal = false;
	for (i = 0;; i++) {
		fallback_mt = fallbacks[migratetype][i];
		if (fallback_mt == MIGRATE_TYPES)
			break;

		if (list_empty(&area->free_list[fallback_mt]))
			continue;

		if (can_steal_fallback(order, migratetype))
			*can_steal = true;

		if (!only_stealable)
			return fallback_mt;

		if (*can_steal)
			return fallback_mt;
	}

	return -1;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim12298.39%250.00%


Mel Gorman10.81%125.00%


Srivatsa S. Bhat10.81%125.00%


Total124100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * Reserve a pageblock for exclusive use of high-order atomic allocations if
 * there are no empty page blocks that contain a page with a suitable order
 */



static void reserve_highatomic_pageblock(struct page *page, struct zone *zone,
				unsigned int alloc_order)
{
	int mt;
	unsigned long max_managed, flags;

	/*
         * Limit the number reserved to 1 pageblock or roughly 1% of a zone.
         * Check is race-prone but harmless.
         */
	max_managed = (zone->managed_pages / 100) + pageblock_nr_pages;
	if (zone->nr_reserved_highatomic >= max_managed)
		return;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);

	/* Recheck the nr_reserved_highatomic limit under the lock */
	if (zone->nr_reserved_highatomic >= max_managed)
		goto out_unlock;

	/* Yoink! */
	mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
	if (mt != MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC &&
			!is_migrate_isolate(mt) && !is_migrate_cma(mt)) {
		zone->nr_reserved_highatomic += pageblock_nr_pages;
		set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
		move_freepages_block(zone, page, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
	}

out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman135100.00%1100.00%


Total135100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * Used when an allocation is about to fail under memory pressure. This
 * potentially hurts the reliability of high-order allocations when under
 * intense memory pressure but failed atomic allocations should be easier
 * to recover from than an OOM.
 *
 * If @force is true, try to unreserve a pageblock even though highatomic
 * pageblock is exhausted.
 */



static bool unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(const struct alloc_context *ac,
						bool force)
{
	struct zonelist *zonelist = ac->zonelist;
	unsigned long flags;
	struct zoneref *z;
	struct zone *zone;
	struct page *page;
	int order;
	bool ret;

	for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist, ac->high_zoneidx,
								ac->nodemask) {
		/*
                 * Preserve at least one pageblock unless memory pressure
                 * is really high.
                 */
		if (!force && zone->nr_reserved_highatomic <=
					pageblock_nr_pages)
			continue;

		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
			struct free_area *area = &(zone->free_area[order]);

			page = list_first_entry_or_null(
					&area->free_list[MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC],
					struct page, lru);
			if (!page)
				continue;

			/*
                         * In page freeing path, migratetype change is racy so
                         * we can counter several free pages in a pageblock
                         * in this loop althoug we changed the pageblock type
                         * from highatomic to ac->migratetype. So we should
                         * adjust the count once.
                         */
			if (get_pageblock_migratetype(page) ==
							MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC) {
				/*
                                 * It should never happen but changes to
                                 * locking could inadvertently allow a per-cpu
                                 * drain to add pages to MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC
                                 * while unreserving so be safe and watch for
                                 * underflows.
                                 */
				zone->nr_reserved_highatomic -= min(
						pageblock_nr_pages,
						zone->nr_reserved_highatomic);
			}

			/*
                         * Convert to ac->migratetype and avoid the normal
                         * pageblock stealing heuristics. Minimally, the caller
                         * is doing the work and needs the pages. More
                         * importantly, if the block was always converted to
                         * MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE or another type then the number
                         * of pageblocks that cannot be completely freed
                         * may increase.
                         */
			set_pageblock_migratetype(page, ac->migratetype);
			ret = move_freepages_block(zone, page, ac->migratetype);
			if (ret) {
				spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
				return ret;
			}
		}
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
	}

	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman17679.64%120.00%


MinChan Kim3716.74%360.00%


Geliang Tang83.62%120.00%


Total221100.00%5100.00%



/* Remove an element from the buddy allocator from the fallback list */


static inline struct page *

__rmqueue_fallback(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, int start_migratetype)
{
	struct free_area *area;
	unsigned int current_order;
	struct page *page;
	int fallback_mt;
	bool can_steal;

	/* Find the largest possible block of pages in the other list */
	for (current_order = MAX_ORDER-1;
				current_order >= order && current_order <= MAX_ORDER-1;
				--current_order) {
		area = &(zone->free_area[current_order]);
		fallback_mt = find_suitable_fallback(area, current_order,
				start_migratetype, false, &can_steal);
		if (fallback_mt == -1)
			continue;

		page = list_first_entry(&area->free_list[fallback_mt],
						struct page, lru);
		if (can_steal &&
			get_pageblock_migratetype(page) != MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC)
			steal_suitable_fallback(zone, page, start_migratetype);

		/* Remove the page from the freelists */
		area->nr_free--;
		list_del(&page->lru);
		rmv_page_order(page);

		expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area,
					start_migratetype);
		/*
                 * The pcppage_migratetype may differ from pageblock's
                 * migratetype depending on the decisions in
                 * find_suitable_fallback(). This is OK as long as it does not
                 * differ for MIGRATE_CMA pageblocks. Those can be used as
                 * fallback only via special __rmqueue_cma_fallback() function
                 */
		set_pcppage_migratetype(page, start_migratetype);

		trace_mm_page_alloc_extfrag(page, order, current_order,
			start_migratetype, fallback_mt);

		return page;
	}

	return NULL;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman14472.00%750.00%


JoonSoo Kim3919.50%214.29%


Vlastimil Babka73.50%214.29%


MinChan Kim73.50%17.14%


Geliang Tang21.00%17.14%


Srivatsa S. Bhat10.50%17.14%


Total200100.00%14100.00%



/*
 * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
 * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
 */



static struct page *__rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
				int migratetype)
{
	struct page *page;

	page = __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, migratetype);
	if (unlikely(!page)) {
		if (migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
			page = __rmqueue_cma_fallback(zone, order);

		if (!page)
			page = __rmqueue_fallback(zone, order, migratetype);
	}

	trace_mm_page_alloc_zone_locked(page, order, migratetype);
	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman3438.20%428.57%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)2426.97%428.57%


JoonSoo Kim2022.47%17.14%


Andrew Morton77.87%321.43%


Christoph Lameter33.37%17.14%


Linus Torvalds11.12%17.14%


Total89100.00%14100.00%



/*
 * Obtain a specified number of elements from the buddy allocator, all under
 * a single hold of the lock, for efficiency.  Add them to the supplied list.
 * Returns the number of new pages which were placed at *list.
 */



static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
			unsigned long count, struct list_head *list,
			int migratetype, bool cold)
{
	int i, alloced = 0;

	spin_lock(&zone->lock);
	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		struct page *page = __rmqueue(zone, order, migratetype);
		if (unlikely(page == NULL))
			break;

		if (unlikely(check_pcp_refill(page)))
			continue;

		/*
                 * Split buddy pages returned by expand() are received here
                 * in physical page order. The page is added to the callers and
                 * list and the list head then moves forward. From the callers
                 * perspective, the linked list is ordered by page number in
                 * some conditions. This is useful for IO devices that can
                 * merge IO requests if the physical pages are ordered
                 * properly.
                 */
		if (likely(!cold))
			list_add(&page->lru, list);
		else
			list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
		list = &page->lru;
		alloced++;
		if (is_migrate_cma(get_pcppage_migratetype(page)))
			__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES,
					      -(1 << order));
	}

	/*
         * i pages were removed from the buddy list even if some leak due
         * to check_pcp_refill failing so adjust NR_FREE_PAGES based
         * on i. Do not confuse with 'alloced' which is the number of
         * pages added to the pcp list.
         */
	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES, -(i << order));
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
	return alloced;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman7238.92%947.37%


Andrew Morton6836.76%315.79%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz2010.81%15.26%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)137.03%315.79%


Nicholas Piggin84.32%15.26%


Vlastimil Babka42.16%210.53%


Total185100.00%19100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * Called from the vmstat counter updater to drain pagesets of this
 * currently executing processor on remote nodes after they have
 * expired.
 *
 * Note that this function must be called with the thread pinned to
 * a single processor.
 */



void drain_zone_pages(struct zone *zone, struct per_cpu_pages *pcp)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int to_drain, batch;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	batch = READ_ONCE(pcp->batch);
	to_drain = min(pcp->count, batch);
	if (to_drain > 0) {
		free_pcppages_bulk(zone, to_drain, pcp);
		pcp->count -= to_drain;
	}
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter4761.04%545.45%


Cody P Schafer1012.99%19.09%


Motohiro Kosaki810.39%19.09%


Michal Nazarewicz67.79%19.09%


Nicholas Piggin45.19%19.09%


Mel Gorman11.30%19.09%


Jason Low11.30%19.09%


Total77100.00%11100.00%



#endif

/*
 * Drain pcplists of the indicated processor and zone.
 *
 * The processor must either be the current processor and the
 * thread pinned to the current processor or a processor that
 * is not online.
 */



static void drain_pages_zone(unsigned int cpu, struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	pset = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);

	pcp = &pset->pcp;
	if (pcp->count) {
		free_pcppages_bulk(zone, pcp->count, pcp);
		pcp->count = 0;
	}
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rusty Russell3643.90%111.11%


Christoph Lameter1619.51%333.33%


Nicholas Piggin1518.29%222.22%


David Rientjes89.76%111.11%


Vlastimil Babka67.32%111.11%


Mel Gorman11.22%111.11%


Total82100.00%9100.00%



/*
 * Drain pcplists of all zones on the indicated processor.
 *
 * The processor must either be the current processor and the
 * thread pinned to the current processor or a processor that
 * is not online.
 */



static void drain_pages(unsigned int cpu)
{
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
		drain_pages_zone(cpu, zone);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Vlastimil Babka2796.43%150.00%


Rusty Russell13.57%150.00%


Total28100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * Spill all of this CPU's per-cpu pages back into the buddy allocator.
 *
 * The CPU has to be pinned. When zone parameter is non-NULL, spill just
 * the single zone's pages.
 */



void drain_local_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
	int cpu = smp_processor_id();

	if (zone)
		drain_pages_zone(cpu, zone);
	else
		drain_pages(cpu);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Vlastimil Babka2266.67%150.00%


Christoph Lameter1133.33%150.00%


Total33100.00%2100.00%






static void drain_local_pages_wq(struct work_struct *work)
{
	/*
         * drain_all_pages doesn't use proper cpu hotplug protection so
         * we can race with cpu offline when the WQ can move this from
         * a cpu pinned worker to an unbound one. We can operate on a different
         * cpu which is allright but we also have to make sure to not move to
         * a different one.
         */
	preempt_disable();
	drain_local_pages(NULL);
	preempt_enable();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1669.57%150.00%


Michal Hocko730.43%150.00%


Total23100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * Spill all the per-cpu pages from all CPUs back into the buddy allocator.
 *
 * When zone parameter is non-NULL, spill just the single zone's pages.
 *
 * Note that this can be extremely slow as the draining happens in a workqueue.
 */



void drain_all_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
	int cpu;

	/*
         * Allocate in the BSS so we wont require allocation in
         * direct reclaim path for CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK=y
         */
	static cpumask_t cpus_with_pcps;

	/*
         * Make sure nobody triggers this path before mm_percpu_wq is fully
         * initialized.
         */
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!mm_percpu_wq))
		return;

	/* Workqueues cannot recurse */
	if (current->flags & PF_WQ_WORKER)
		return;

	/*
         * Do not drain if one is already in progress unless it's specific to
         * a zone. Such callers are primarily CMA and memory hotplug and need
         * the drain to be complete when the call returns.
         */
	if (unlikely(!mutex_trylock(&pcpu_drain_mutex))) {
		if (!zone)
			return;
		mutex_lock(&pcpu_drain_mutex);
	}

	/*
         * We don't care about racing with CPU hotplug event
         * as offline notification will cause the notified
         * cpu to drain that CPU pcps and on_each_cpu_mask
         * disables preemption as part of its processing
         */
	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp;
		struct zone *z;
		bool has_pcps = false;

		if (zone) {
			pcp = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);
			if (pcp->pcp.count)
				has_pcps = true;
		} else {
			for_each_populated_zone(z) {
				pcp = per_cpu_ptr(z->pageset, cpu);
				if (pcp->pcp.count) {
					has_pcps = true;
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		if (has_pcps)
			cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &cpus_with_pcps);
		else
			cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &cpus_with_pcps);
	}

	for_each_cpu(cpu, &cpus_with_pcps) {
		struct work_struct *work = per_cpu_ptr(&pcpu_drain, cpu);
		INIT_WORK(work, drain_local_pages_wq);
		queue_work_on(cpu, mm_percpu_wq, work);
	}
	for_each_cpu(cpu, &cpus_with_pcps)
		flush_work(per_cpu_ptr(&pcpu_drain, cpu));

	mutex_unlock(&pcpu_drain_mutex);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman8938.36%233.33%


Gilad Ben-Yossef7431.90%116.67%


Vlastimil Babka4820.69%116.67%


Michal Hocko135.60%116.67%


Christoph Lameter83.45%116.67%


Total232100.00%6100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION




void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long pfn, max_zone_pfn;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned int order, t;
	struct page *page;

	if (zone_is_empty(zone))
		return;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);

	max_zone_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
	for (pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn; pfn < max_zone_pfn; pfn++)
		if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
			page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

			if (page_zone(page) != zone)
				continue;

			if (!swsusp_page_is_forbidden(page))
				swsusp_unset_page_free(page);
		}

	for_each_migratetype_order(order, t) {
		list_for_each_entry(page,
				&zone->free_area[order].free_list[t], lru) {
			unsigned long i;

			pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
			for (i = 0; i < (1UL << order); i++)
				swsusp_set_page_free(pfn_to_page(pfn + i));
		}
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Pavel Machek7844.32%321.43%


Rafael J. Wysocki4123.30%214.29%


Andrew Morton2011.36%214.29%


Mel Gorman126.82%214.29%


JoonSoo Kim105.68%17.14%


Geliang Tang84.55%17.14%


Cody P Schafer31.70%17.14%


Xishi Qiu31.70%17.14%


Rusty Russell10.57%17.14%


Total176100.00%14100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

/*
 * Free a 0-order page
 * cold == true ? free a cold page : free a hot page
 */



void free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, bool cold)
{
	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
	int migratetype;

	if (!free_pcp_prepare(page))
		return;

	migratetype = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
	set_pcppage_migratetype(page, migratetype);
	local_irq_save(flags);
	__count_vm_event(PGFREE);

	/*
         * We only track unmovable, reclaimable and movable on pcp lists.
         * Free ISOLATE pages back to the allocator because they are being
         * offlined but treat RESERVE as movable pages so we can get those
         * areas back if necessary. Otherwise, we may have to free
         * excessively into the page allocator
         */
	if (migratetype >= MIGRATE_PCPTYPES) {
		if (unlikely(is_migrate_isolate(migratetype))) {
			free_one_page(zone, page, pfn, 0, migratetype);
			goto out;
		}
		migratetype = MIGRATE_MOVABLE;
	}

	pcp = &this_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset)->pcp;
	if (!cold)
		list_add(&page->lru, &pcp->lists[migratetype]);
	else
		list_add_tail(&page->lru, &pcp->lists[migratetype]);
	pcp->count++;
	if (pcp->count >= pcp->high) {
		unsigned long batch = READ_ONCE(pcp->batch);
		free_pcppages_bulk(zone, batch, pcp);
		pcp->count -= batch;
	}

out:
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman9643.64%735.00%


Andrew Morton4821.82%15.00%


Christoph Lameter4420.00%315.00%


Nicholas Piggin125.45%315.00%


Cody P Schafer104.55%15.00%


MinChan Kim31.36%15.00%


Hugh Dickins31.36%15.00%


Motohiro Kosaki20.91%15.00%


Jason Low10.45%15.00%


Vlastimil Babka10.45%15.00%


Total220100.00%20100.00%



/*
 * Free a list of 0-order pages
 */



void free_hot_cold_page_list(struct list_head *list, bool cold)
{
	struct page *page, *next;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, list, lru) {
		trace_mm_page_free_batched(page, cold);
		free_hot_cold_page(page, cold);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Konstantin Khlebnikov4697.87%266.67%


Mel Gorman12.13%133.33%


Total47100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * split_page takes a non-compound higher-order page, and splits it into
 * n (1<<order) sub-pages: page[0..n]
 * Each sub-page must be freed individually.
 *
 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
 */



void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	int i;

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageCompound(page), page);
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!page_count(page), page);

#ifdef CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
	/*
         * Split shadow pages too, because free(page[0]) would
         * otherwise free the whole shadow.
         */
	if (kmemcheck_page_is_tracked(page))
		split_page(virt_to_page(page[0].shadow), order);
#endif

	for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++)
		set_page_refcounted(page + i);
	split_page_owner(page, order);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Nicholas Piggin5556.70%233.33%


Vegard Nossum2828.87%116.67%


JoonSoo Kim88.25%233.33%


Sasha Levin66.19%116.67%


Total97100.00%6100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(split_page);




int __isolate_free_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	unsigned long watermark;
	struct zone *zone;
	int mt;

	BUG_ON(!PageBuddy(page));

	zone = page_zone(page);
	mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);

	if (!is_migrate_isolate(mt)) {
		/*
                 * Obey watermarks as if the page was being allocated. We can
                 * emulate a high-order watermark check with a raised order-0
                 * watermark, because we already know our high-order page
                 * exists.
                 */
		watermark = min_wmark_pages(zone) + (1UL << order);
		if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, watermark, 0, ALLOC_CMA))
			return 0;

		__mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, -(1UL << order), mt);
	}

	/* Remove page from free list */
	list_del(&page->lru);
	zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
	rmv_page_order(page);

	/*
         * Set the pageblock if the isolated page is at least half of a
         * pageblock
         */
	if (order >= pageblock_order - 1) {
		struct page *endpage = page + (1 << order) - 1;
		for (; page < endpage; page += pageblock_nr_pages) {
			int mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
			if (!is_migrate_isolate(mt) && !is_migrate_cma(mt)
				&& mt != MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC)
				set_pageblock_migratetype(page,
							  MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
		}
	}


	return 1UL << order;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman14168.12%327.27%


Marek Szyprowski2612.56%19.09%


Michal Nazarewicz209.66%19.09%


MinChan Kim125.80%218.18%


Vlastimil Babka41.93%218.18%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz31.45%19.09%


zhong jiang10.48%19.09%


Total207100.00%11100.00%



/*
 * Update NUMA hit/miss statistics
 *
 * Must be called with interrupts disabled.
 */



static inline void zone_statistics(struct zone *preferred_zone, struct zone *z)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	enum zone_stat_item local_stat = NUMA_LOCAL;

	if (z->node != numa_node_id())
		local_stat = NUMA_OTHER;

	if (z->node == preferred_zone->node)
		__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_HIT);
	else {
		__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_MISS);
		__inc_zone_state(preferred_zone, NUMA_FOREIGN);
	}
	__inc_zone_state(z, local_stat);
#endif
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman6680.49%150.00%


Michal Hocko1619.51%150.00%


Total82100.00%2100.00%



/* Remove page from the per-cpu list, caller must protect the list */



static struct page *__rmqueue_pcplist(struct zone *zone, int migratetype,
			bool cold, struct per_cpu_pages *pcp,
			struct list_head *list)
{
	struct page *page;

	do {
		if (list_empty(list)) {
			pcp->count += rmqueue_bulk(zone, 0,
					pcp->batch, list,
					migratetype, cold);
			if (unlikely(list_empty(list)))
				return NULL;
		}

		if (cold)
			page = list_last_entry(list, struct page, lru);
		else
			page = list_first_entry(list, struct page, lru);

		list_del(&page->lru);
		pcp->count--;
	} while (check_new_pcp(page));

	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman5843.61%1155.00%


Andrew Morton5239.10%315.00%


Vlastimil Babka96.77%15.00%


Nicholas Piggin64.51%210.00%


Christoph Lameter43.01%15.00%


Geliang Tang21.50%15.00%


David Shaohua Li21.50%15.00%


Total133100.00%20100.00%



/* Lock and remove page from the per-cpu list */



static struct page *rmqueue_pcplist(struct zone *preferred_zone,
			struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
			gfp_t gfp_flags, int migratetype)
{
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
	struct list_head *list;
	bool cold = ((gfp_flags & __GFP_COLD) != 0);
	struct page *page;
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	pcp = &this_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset)->pcp;
	list = &pcp->lists[migratetype];
	page = __rmqueue_pcplist(zone,  migratetype, cold, pcp, list);
	if (page) {
		__count_zid_vm_events(PGALLOC, page_zonenum(page), 1 << order);
		zone_statistics(preferred_zone, zone);
	}
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman13699.27%266.67%


Pavel Machek10.73%133.33%


Total137100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * Allocate a page from the given zone. Use pcplists for order-0 allocations.
 */


static inline

struct page *rmqueue(struct zone *preferred_zone,
			struct zone *zone, unsigned int order,
			gfp_t gfp_flags, unsigned int alloc_flags,
			int migratetype)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct page *page;

	if (likely(order == 0)) {
		page = rmqueue_pcplist(preferred_zone, zone, order,
				gfp_flags, migratetype);
		goto out;
	}

	/*
         * We most definitely don't want callers attempting to
         * allocate greater than order-1 page units with __GFP_NOFAIL.
         */
	WARN_ON_ONCE((gfp_flags & __GFP_NOFAIL) && (order > 1));
	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);

	do {
		page = NULL;
		if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HARDER) {
			page = __rmqueue_smallest(zone, order, MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC);
			if (page)
				trace_mm_page_alloc_zone_locked(page, order, migratetype);
		}
		if (!page)
			page = __rmqueue(zone, order, migratetype);
	} while (page && check_new_pages(page, order));
	spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
	if (!page)
		goto failed;
	__mod_zone_freepage_state(zone, -(1 << order),
				  get_pcppage_migratetype(page));

	__count_zid_vm_events(PGALLOC, page_zonenum(page), 1 << order);
	zone_statistics(preferred_zone, zone);
	local_irq_restore(flags);

out:
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page && bad_range(zone, page), page);
	return page;

failed:
	local_irq_restore(flags);
	return NULL;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman14557.54%736.84%


Andrew Morton3313.10%421.05%


Nicholas Piggin3212.70%15.26%


Pavel Machek207.94%210.53%


Johannes Weiner114.37%15.26%


Michal Hocko62.38%15.26%


Sasha Levin31.19%15.26%


Christoph Lameter10.40%15.26%


Linus Torvalds10.40%15.26%


Total252100.00%19100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC

static struct {
	
struct fault_attr attr;

	
bool ignore_gfp_highmem;
	
bool ignore_gfp_reclaim;
	
u32 min_order;
} 
fail_page_alloc = {
	.attr = FAULT_ATTR_INITIALIZER,
	.ignore_gfp_reclaim = true,
	.ignore_gfp_highmem = true,
	.min_order = 1,
};




static int __init setup_fail_page_alloc(char *str)
{
	return setup_fault_attr(&fail_page_alloc.attr, str);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Akinobu Mita22100.00%1100.00%


Total22100.00%1100.00%



__setup("fail_page_alloc=", setup_fail_page_alloc);




static bool should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	if (order < fail_page_alloc.min_order)
		return false;
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
		return false;
	if (fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem && (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM))
		return false;
	if (fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_reclaim &&
			(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM))
		return false;

	return should_fail(&fail_page_alloc.attr, 1 << order);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Akinobu Mita6990.79%240.00%


Gavin Shan56.58%120.00%


Mel Gorman22.63%240.00%


Total76100.00%5100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS




static int __init fail_page_alloc_debugfs(void)
{
	umode_t mode = S_IFREG | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
	struct dentry *dir;

	dir = fault_create_debugfs_attr("fail_page_alloc", NULL,
					&fail_page_alloc.attr);
	if (IS_ERR(dir))
		return PTR_ERR(dir);

	if (!debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-wait", mode, dir,
				&fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_reclaim))
		goto fail;
	if (!debugfs_create_bool("ignore-gfp-highmem", mode, dir,
				&fail_page_alloc.ignore_gfp_highmem))
		goto fail;
	if (!debugfs_create_u32("min-order", mode, dir,
				&fail_page_alloc.min_order))
		goto fail;

	return 0;
fail:
	debugfs_remove_recursive(dir);

	return -ENOMEM;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Akinobu Mita12298.39%466.67%


Al Viro10.81%116.67%


Mel Gorman10.81%116.67%


Total124100.00%6100.00%




late_initcall(fail_page_alloc_debugfs);

#endif /* CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION_DEBUG_FS */

#else /* CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC */




static inline bool should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Akinobu Mita1588.24%150.00%


Gavin Shan211.76%150.00%


Total17100.00%2100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_FAIL_PAGE_ALLOC */

/*
 * Return true if free base pages are above 'mark'. For high-order checks it
 * will return true of the order-0 watermark is reached and there is at least
 * one free page of a suitable size. Checking now avoids taking the zone lock
 * to check in the allocation paths if no pages are free.
 */



bool __zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, unsigned int order, unsigned long mark,
			 int classzone_idx, unsigned int alloc_flags,
			 long free_pages)
{
	long min = mark;
	int o;
	const bool alloc_harder = (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HARDER);

	/* free_pages may go negative - that's OK */
	free_pages -= (1 << order) - 1;

	if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HIGH)
		min -= min / 2;

	/*
         * If the caller does not have rights to ALLOC_HARDER then subtract
         * the high-atomic reserves. This will over-estimate the size of the
         * atomic reserve but it avoids a search.
         */
	if (likely(!alloc_harder))
		free_pages -= z->nr_reserved_highatomic;
	else
		min -= min / 4;

#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
	/* If allocation can't use CMA areas don't use free CMA pages */
	if (!(alloc_flags & ALLOC_CMA))
		free_pages -= zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES);
#endif

	/*
         * Check watermarks for an order-0 allocation request. If these
         * are not met, then a high-order request also cannot go ahead
         * even if a suitable page happened to be free.
         */
	if (free_pages <= min + z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx])
		return false;

	/* If this is an order-0 request then the watermark is fine */
	if (!order)
		return true;

	/* For a high-order request, check at least one suitable page is free */
	for (o = order; o < MAX_ORDER; o++) {
		struct free_area *area = &z->free_area[o];
		int mt;

		if (!area->nr_free)
			continue;

		if (alloc_harder)
			return true;

		for (mt = 0; mt < MIGRATE_PCPTYPES; mt++) {
			if (!list_empty(&area->free_list[mt]))
				return true;
		}

#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
		if ((alloc_flags & ALLOC_CMA) &&
		    !list_empty(&area->free_list[MIGRATE_CMA])) {
			return true;
		}
#endif
	}
	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman13954.94%646.15%


Nicholas Piggin8232.41%17.69%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz228.70%17.69%


Rohit Seth41.58%17.69%


Andrea Arcangeli20.79%17.69%


Tomasz Stanislawski20.79%17.69%


Michal Hocko10.40%17.69%


Christoph Lameter10.40%17.69%


Total253100.00%13100.00%






bool zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, unsigned int order, unsigned long mark,
		      int classzone_idx, unsigned int alloc_flags)
{
	return __zone_watermark_ok(z, order, mark, classzone_idx, alloc_flags,
					zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_PAGES));
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4495.65%375.00%


Nicholas Piggin24.35%125.00%


Total46100.00%4100.00%






static inline bool zone_watermark_fast(struct zone *z, unsigned int order,
		unsigned long mark, int classzone_idx, unsigned int alloc_flags)
{
	long free_pages = zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_PAGES);
	long cma_pages = 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
	/* If allocation can't use CMA areas don't use free CMA pages */
	if (!(alloc_flags & ALLOC_CMA))
		cma_pages = zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES);
#endif

	/*
         * Fast check for order-0 only. If this fails then the reserves
         * need to be calculated. There is a corner case where the check
         * passes but only the high-order atomic reserve are free. If
         * the caller is !atomic then it'll uselessly search the free
         * list. That corner case is then slower but it is harmless.
         */
	if (!order && (free_pages - cma_pages) > mark + z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx])
		return true;

	return __zone_watermark_ok(z, order, mark, classzone_idx, alloc_flags,
					free_pages);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman106100.00%1100.00%


Total106100.00%1100.00%






bool zone_watermark_ok_safe(struct zone *z, unsigned int order,
			unsigned long mark, int classzone_idx)
{
	long free_pages = zone_page_state(z, NR_FREE_PAGES);

	if (z->percpu_drift_mark && free_pages < z->percpu_drift_mark)
		free_pages = zone_page_state_snapshot(z, NR_FREE_PAGES);

	return __zone_watermark_ok(z, order, mark, classzone_idx, 0,
								free_pages);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman6595.59%375.00%


Nicholas Piggin34.41%125.00%


Total68100.00%4100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA



static bool zone_allows_reclaim(struct zone *local_zone, struct zone *zone)
{
	return node_distance(zone_to_nid(local_zone), zone_to_nid(zone)) <=
				RECLAIM_DISTANCE;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Rientjes2475.00%133.33%


Mel Gorman721.88%133.33%


Gavin Shan13.12%133.33%


Total32100.00%3100.00%



#else	/* CONFIG_NUMA */



static bool zone_allows_reclaim(struct zone *local_zone, struct zone *zone)
{
	return true;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Rientjes19100.00%1100.00%


Total19100.00%1100.00%



#endif	/* CONFIG_NUMA */

/*
 * get_page_from_freelist goes through the zonelist trying to allocate
 * a page.
 */


static struct page *

get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, int alloc_flags,
						const struct alloc_context *ac)
{
	struct zoneref *z = ac->preferred_zoneref;
	struct zone *zone;
	struct pglist_data *last_pgdat_dirty_limit = NULL;

	/*
         * Scan zonelist, looking for a zone with enough free.
         * See also __cpuset_node_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
         */
	for_next_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, ac->zonelist, ac->high_zoneidx,
								ac->nodemask) {
		struct page *page;
		unsigned long mark;

		if (cpusets_enabled() &&
			(alloc_flags & ALLOC_CPUSET) &&
			!__cpuset_zone_allowed(zone, gfp_mask))
				continue;
		/*
                 * When allocating a page cache page for writing, we
                 * want to get it from a node that is within its dirty
                 * limit, such that no single node holds more than its
                 * proportional share of globally allowed dirty pages.
                 * The dirty limits take into account the node's
                 * lowmem reserves and high watermark so that kswapd
                 * should be able to balance it without having to
                 * write pages from its LRU list.
                 *
                 * XXX: For now, allow allocations to potentially
                 * exceed the per-node dirty limit in the slowpath
                 * (spread_dirty_pages unset) before going into reclaim,
                 * which is important when on a NUMA setup the allowed
                 * nodes are together not big enough to reach the
                 * global limit.  The proper fix for these situations
                 * will require awareness of nodes in the
                 * dirty-throttling and the flusher threads.
                 */
		if (ac->spread_dirty_pages) {
			if (last_pgdat_dirty_limit == zone->zone_pgdat)
				continue;

			if (!node_dirty_ok(zone->zone_pgdat)) {
				last_pgdat_dirty_limit = zone->zone_pgdat;
				continue;
			}
		}

		mark = zone->watermark[alloc_flags & ALLOC_WMARK_MASK];
		if (!zone_watermark_fast(zone, order, mark,
				       ac_classzone_idx(ac), alloc_flags)) {
			int ret;

			/* Checked here to keep the fast path fast */
			BUILD_BUG_ON(ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS < NR_WMARK);
			if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS)
				goto try_this_zone;

			if (node_reclaim_mode == 0 ||
			    !zone_allows_reclaim(ac->preferred_zoneref->zone, zone))
				continue;

			ret = node_reclaim(zone->zone_pgdat, gfp_mask, order);
			switch (ret) {
			case NODE_RECLAIM_NOSCAN:
				/* did not scan */
				continue;
			case NODE_RECLAIM_FULL:
				/* scanned but unreclaimable */
				continue;
			default:
				/* did we reclaim enough */
				if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, mark,
						ac_classzone_idx(ac), alloc_flags))
					goto try_this_zone;

				continue;
			}
		}

try_this_zone:
		page = rmqueue(ac->preferred_zoneref->zone, zone, order,
				gfp_mask, alloc_flags, ac->migratetype);
		if (page) {
			prep_new_page(page, order, gfp_mask, alloc_flags);

			/*
                         * If this is a high-order atomic allocation then check
                         * if the pageblock should be reserved for the future
                         */
			if (unlikely(order && (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HARDER)))
				reserve_highatomic_pageblock(page, zone, order);

			return page;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman17654.83%2661.90%


Rohit Seth4413.71%12.38%


Vlastimil Babka299.03%37.14%


Christoph Lameter185.61%24.76%


Johannes Weiner164.98%24.76%


Nicholas Piggin144.36%24.76%


Martin Hicks123.74%24.76%


David Rientjes72.18%12.38%


Paul Jackson41.25%24.76%


Vladimir Davydov10.31%12.38%


Total321100.00%42100.00%



/*
 * Large machines with many possible nodes should not always dump per-node
 * meminfo in irq context.
 */



static inline bool should_suppress_show_mem(void)
{
	bool ret = false;

#if NODES_SHIFT > 8
	ret = in_interrupt();
#endif
	return ret;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Rientjes29100.00%1100.00%


Total29100.00%1100.00%






static void warn_alloc_show_mem(gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
	unsigned int filter = SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES;
	static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(show_mem_rs, HZ, 1);

	if (should_suppress_show_mem() || !__ratelimit(&show_mem_rs))
		return;

	/*
         * This documents exceptions given to allocations in certain
         * contexts that are allowed to allocate outside current's set
         * of allowed nodes.
         */
	if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))
		if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE) ||
		    (current->flags & (PF_MEMALLOC | PF_EXITING)))
			filter &= ~SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES;
	if (in_interrupt() || !(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM))
		filter &= ~SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES;

	show_mem(filter, nodemask);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Dave Hansen7272.00%125.00%


Michal Hocko2727.00%250.00%


Mel Gorman11.00%125.00%


Total100100.00%4100.00%






void warn_alloc(gfp_t gfp_mask, nodemask_t *nodemask, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	struct va_format vaf;
	va_list args;
	static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(nopage_rs, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,
				      DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);

	if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN) || !__ratelimit(&nopage_rs) ||
	    debug_guardpage_minorder() > 0)
		return;

	pr_warn("%s: ", current->comm);

	va_start(args, fmt);
	vaf.fmt = fmt;
	vaf.va = &args;
	pr_cont("%pV", &vaf);
	va_end(args);

	pr_cont(", mode:%#x(%pGg), nodemask=", gfp_mask, &gfp_mask);
	if (nodemask)
		pr_cont("%*pbl\n", nodemask_pr_args(nodemask));
	else
		pr_cont("(null)\n");

	cpuset_print_current_mems_allowed();

	dump_stack();
	warn_alloc_show_mem(gfp_mask, nodemask);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Hocko7754.23%450.00%


Dave Hansen2819.72%112.50%


David Rientjes1812.68%112.50%


Joe Perches1611.27%112.50%


Vlastimil Babka32.11%112.50%


Total142100.00%8100.00%





static inline struct page *

__alloc_pages_cpuset_fallback(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
			      unsigned int alloc_flags,
			      const struct alloc_context *ac)
{
	struct page *page;

	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order,
			alloc_flags|ALLOC_CPUSET, ac);
	/*
         * fallback to ignore cpuset restriction if our nodes
         * are depleted
         */
	if (!page)
		page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order,
				alloc_flags, ac);

	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Hocko6392.65%133.33%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)34.41%133.33%


Mel Gorman22.94%133.33%


Total68100.00%3100.00%





static inline struct page *

__alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
	const struct alloc_context *ac, unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	struct oom_control oc = {
		.zonelist = ac->zonelist,
		.nodemask = ac->nodemask,
		.memcg = NULL,
		.gfp_mask = gfp_mask,
		.order = order,
        };
	struct page *page;

	*did_some_progress = 0;

	/*
         * Acquire the oom lock.  If that fails, somebody else is
         * making progress for us.
         */
	if (!mutex_trylock(&oom_lock)) {
		*did_some_progress = 1;
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
         * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep very high watermark
         * here, this is only to catch a parallel oom killing, we must fail if
         * we're still under heavy pressure.
         */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask | __GFP_HARDWALL, order,
					ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH|ALLOC_CPUSET, ac);
	if (page)
		goto out;

	/* Coredumps can quickly deplete all memory reserves */
	if (current->flags & PF_DUMPCORE)
		goto out;
	/* The OOM killer will not help higher order allocs */
	if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
		goto out;
	/* The OOM killer does not needlessly kill tasks for lowmem */
	if (ac->high_zoneidx < ZONE_NORMAL)
		goto out;
	if (pm_suspended_storage())
		goto out;
	/*
         * XXX: GFP_NOFS allocations should rather fail than rely on
         * other request to make a forward progress.
         * We are in an unfortunate situation where out_of_memory cannot
         * do much for this context but let's try it to at least get
         * access to memory reserved if the current task is killed (see
         * out_of_memory). Once filesystems are ready to handle allocation
         * failures more gracefully we should just bail out here.
         */

	/* The OOM killer may not free memory on a specific node */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_THISNODE)
		goto out;

	/* Exhausted what can be done so it's blamo time */
	if (out_of_memory(&oc) || WARN_ON_ONCE(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)) {
		*did_some_progress = 1;

		/*
                 * Help non-failing allocations by giving them access to memory
                 * reserves
                 */
		if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
			page = __alloc_pages_cpuset_fallback(gfp_mask, order,
					ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS, ac);
	}
out:
	mutex_unlock(&oom_lock);
	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Johannes Weiner4720.52%310.00%


David Rientjes4318.78%310.00%


Michal Hocko3816.59%516.67%


Mel Gorman2711.79%310.00%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki166.99%13.33%


Rohit Seth104.37%13.33%


Martin Hicks83.49%13.33%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)83.49%26.67%


Linus Torvalds62.62%26.67%


Vlastimil Babka62.62%13.33%


Akinobu Mita52.18%13.33%


Vladimir Davydov52.18%13.33%


Nicholas Piggin31.31%26.67%


Martin J. Bligh31.31%13.33%


Christoph Lameter20.87%13.33%


Al Viro10.44%13.33%


Andrew Morton10.44%13.33%


Total229100.00%30100.00%



/*
 * Maximum number of compaction retries wit a progress before OOM
 * killer is consider as the only way to move forward.
 */

#define MAX_COMPACT_RETRIES 16

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
/* Try memory compaction for high-order allocations before reclaim */


static struct page *

__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
		unsigned int alloc_flags, const struct alloc_context *ac,
		enum compact_priority prio, enum compact_result *compact_result)
{
	struct page *page;

	if (!order)
		return NULL;

	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
	*compact_result = try_to_compact_pages(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac,
									prio);
	current->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

	if (*compact_result <= COMPACT_INACTIVE)
		return NULL;

	/*
         * At least in one zone compaction wasn't deferred or skipped, so let's
         * count a compaction stall
         */
	count_vm_event(COMPACTSTALL);

	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac);

	if (page) {
		struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);

		zone->compact_blockskip_flush = false;
		compaction_defer_reset(zone, order, true);
		count_vm_event(COMPACTSUCCESS);
		return page;
	}

	/*
         * It's bad if compaction run occurs and fails. The most likely reason
         * is that pages exist, but not enough to satisfy watermarks.
         */
	count_vm_event(COMPACTFAIL);

	cond_resched();

	return NULL;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman8755.77%738.89%


Vlastimil Babka5333.97%633.33%


Michal Hocko106.41%211.11%


Rik Van Riel31.92%15.56%


Andrew Morton21.28%15.56%


David Rientjes10.64%15.56%


Total156100.00%18100.00%





static inline bool

should_compact_retry(struct alloc_context *ac, int order, int alloc_flags,
		     enum compact_result compact_result,
		     enum compact_priority *compact_priority,
		     int *compaction_retries)
{
	int max_retries = MAX_COMPACT_RETRIES;
	int min_priority;
	bool ret = false;
	int retries = *compaction_retries;
	enum compact_priority priority = *compact_priority;

	if (!order)
		return false;

	if (compaction_made_progress(compact_result))
		(*compaction_retries)++;

	/*
         * compaction considers all the zone as desperately out of memory
         * so it doesn't really make much sense to retry except when the
         * failure could be caused by insufficient priority
         */
	if (compaction_failed(compact_result))
		goto check_priority;

	/*
         * make sure the compaction wasn't deferred or didn't bail out early
         * due to locks contention before we declare that we should give up.
         * But do not retry if the given zonelist is not suitable for
         * compaction.
         */
	if (compaction_withdrawn(compact_result)) {
		ret = compaction_zonelist_suitable(ac, order, alloc_flags);
		goto out;
	}

	/*
         * !costly requests are much more important than __GFP_REPEAT
         * costly ones because they are de facto nofail and invoke OOM
         * killer to move on while costly can fail and users are ready
         * to cope with that. 1/4 retries is rather arbitrary but we
         * would need much more detailed feedback from compaction to
         * make a better decision.
         */
	if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
		max_retries /= 4;
	if (*compaction_retries <= max_retries) {
		ret = true;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
         * Make sure there are attempts at the highest priority if we exhausted
         * all retries or failed at the lower priorities.
         */
check_priority:
	min_priority = (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER) ?
			MIN_COMPACT_COSTLY_PRIORITY : MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY;

	if (*compact_priority > min_priority) {
		(*compact_priority)--;
		*compaction_retries = 0;
		ret = true;
	}
out:
	trace_compact_retry(order, priority, compact_result, retries, max_retries, ret);
	return ret;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Vlastimil Babka14472.36%375.00%


Michal Hocko5527.64%125.00%


Total199100.00%4100.00%



#else


static inline struct page *

__alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
		unsigned int alloc_flags, const struct alloc_context *ac,
		enum compact_priority prio, enum compact_result *compact_result)
{
	*compact_result = COMPACT_SKIPPED;
	return NULL;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman2967.44%444.44%


Michal Hocko818.60%222.22%


Vlastimil Babka511.63%222.22%


David Rientjes12.33%111.11%


Total43100.00%9100.00%





static inline bool

should_compact_retry(struct alloc_context *ac, unsigned int order, int alloc_flags,
		     enum compact_result compact_result,
		     enum compact_priority *compact_priority,
		     int *compaction_retries)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	struct zoneref *z;

	if (!order || order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
		return false;

	/*
         * There are setups with compaction disabled which would prefer to loop
         * inside the allocator rather than hit the oom killer prematurely.
         * Let's give them a good hope and keep retrying while the order-0
         * watermarks are OK.
         */
	for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, ac->zonelist, ac->high_zoneidx,
					ac->nodemask) {
		if (zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, min_wmark_pages(zone),
					ac_classzone_idx(ac), alloc_flags))
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Hocko9396.88%360.00%


Vlastimil Babka33.12%240.00%


Total96100.00%5100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_COMPACTION */

/* Perform direct synchronous page reclaim */


static int

__perform_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
					const struct alloc_context *ac)
{
	struct reclaim_state reclaim_state;
	int progress;

	cond_resched();

	/* We now go into synchronous reclaim */
	cpuset_memory_pressure_bump();
	current->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
	lockdep_set_current_reclaim_state(gfp_mask);
	reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
	current->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state;

	progress = try_to_free_pages(ac->zonelist, order, gfp_mask,
								ac->nodemask);

	current->reclaim_state = NULL;
	lockdep_clear_current_reclaim_state();
	current->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

	cond_resched();

	return progress;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman7376.04%233.33%


Marek Szyprowski77.29%116.67%


Vlastimil Babka77.29%116.67%


Rohit Seth55.21%116.67%


Andrew Morton44.17%116.67%


Total96100.00%6100.00%



/* The really slow allocator path where we enter direct reclaim */


static inline struct page *

__alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
		unsigned int alloc_flags, const struct alloc_context *ac,
		unsigned long *did_some_progress)
{
	struct page *page = NULL;
	bool drained = false;

	*did_some_progress = __perform_reclaim(gfp_mask, order, ac);
	if (unlikely(!(*did_some_progress)))
		return NULL;

retry:
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac);

	/*
         * If an allocation failed after direct reclaim, it could be because
         * pages are pinned on the per-cpu lists or in high alloc reserves.
         * Shrink them them and try again
         */
	if (!page && !drained) {
		unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(ac, false);
		drain_all_pages(NULL);
		drained = true;
		goto retry;
	}

	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Marek Szyprowski4941.88%16.67%


Mel Gorman4437.61%533.33%


Vlastimil Babka86.84%213.33%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)75.98%213.33%


Rohit Seth32.56%16.67%


MinChan Kim21.71%16.67%


Linus Torvalds21.71%16.67%


Paul Jackson10.85%16.67%


Andrew Morton10.85%16.67%


Total117100.00%15100.00%






static void wake_all_kswapds(unsigned int order, const struct alloc_context *ac)
{
	struct zoneref *z;
	struct zone *zone;
	pg_data_t *last_pgdat = NULL;

	for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, ac->zonelist,
					ac->high_zoneidx, ac->nodemask) {
		if (last_pgdat != zone->zone_pgdat)
			wakeup_kswapd(zone, order, ac->high_zoneidx);
		last_pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Johannes Weiner3853.52%120.00%


Mel Gorman2433.80%240.00%


Vlastimil Babka79.86%120.00%


Weijie Yang22.82%120.00%


Total71100.00%5100.00%





static inline unsigned int

gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	unsigned int alloc_flags = ALLOC_WMARK_MIN | ALLOC_CPUSET;

	/* __GFP_HIGH is assumed to be the same as ALLOC_HIGH to save a branch. */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(__GFP_HIGH != (__force gfp_t) ALLOC_HIGH);

	/*
         * The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
         * cannot run direct reclaim, or if the caller has realtime scheduling
         * policy or is asking for __GFP_HIGH memory.  GFP_ATOMIC requests will
         * set both ALLOC_HARDER (__GFP_ATOMIC) and ALLOC_HIGH (__GFP_HIGH).
         */
	alloc_flags |= (__force int) (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH);

	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_ATOMIC) {
		/*
                 * Not worth trying to allocate harder for __GFP_NOMEMALLOC even
                 * if it can't schedule.
                 */
		if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))
			alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;
		/*
                 * Ignore cpuset mems for GFP_ATOMIC rather than fail, see the
                 * comment for __cpuset_node_allowed().
                 */
		alloc_flags &= ~ALLOC_CPUSET;
	} else if (unlikely(rt_task(current)) && !in_interrupt())
		alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;

#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
	if (gfpflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask) == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
		alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CMA;
#endif
	return alloc_flags;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra4842.86%18.33%


Mel Gorman2219.64%541.67%


Vlastimil Babka2017.86%18.33%


Namhyung Kim108.93%18.33%


Andrea Arcangeli98.04%18.33%


Andrew Morton10.89%18.33%


Vladimir Davydov10.89%18.33%


David Rientjes10.89%18.33%


Total112100.00%12100.00%






bool gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	if (unlikely(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC))
		return false;

	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_MEMALLOC)
		return true;
	if (in_serving_softirq() && (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC))
		return true;
	if (!in_interrupt() &&
			((current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) ||
			 unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))))
		return true;

	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4864.00%350.00%


Vlastimil Babka2128.00%116.67%


Peter Zijlstra56.67%116.67%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)11.33%116.67%


Total75100.00%6100.00%



/*
 * Maximum number of reclaim retries without any progress before OOM killer
 * is consider as the only way to move forward.
 */

#define MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES 16

/*
 * Checks whether it makes sense to retry the reclaim to make a forward progress
 * for the given allocation request.
 * The reclaim feedback represented by did_some_progress (any progress during
 * the last reclaim round) and no_progress_loops (number of reclaim rounds without
 * any progress in a row) is considered as well as the reclaimable pages on the
 * applicable zone list (with a backoff mechanism which is a function of
 * no_progress_loops).
 *
 * Returns true if a retry is viable or false to enter the oom path.
 */


static inline bool

should_reclaim_retry(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned order,
		     struct alloc_context *ac, int alloc_flags,
		     bool did_some_progress, int *no_progress_loops)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	struct zoneref *z;

	/*
         * Costly allocations might have made a progress but this doesn't mean
         * their order will become available due to high fragmentation so
         * always increment the no progress counter for them
         */
	if (did_some_progress && order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER)
		*no_progress_loops = 0;
	else
		(*no_progress_loops)++;

	/*
         * Make sure we converge to OOM if we cannot make any progress
         * several times in the row.
         */
	if (*no_progress_loops > MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES) {
		/* Before OOM, exhaust highatomic_reserve */
		return unreserve_highatomic_pageblock(ac, true);
	}

	/*
         * Keep reclaiming pages while there is a chance this will lead
         * somewhere.  If none of the target zones can satisfy our allocation
         * request even if all reclaimable pages are considered then we are
         * screwed and have to go OOM.
         */
	for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, ac->zonelist, ac->high_zoneidx,
					ac->nodemask) {
		unsigned long available;
		unsigned long reclaimable;
		unsigned long min_wmark = min_wmark_pages(zone);
		bool wmark;

		available = reclaimable = zone_reclaimable_pages(zone);
		available -= DIV_ROUND_UP((*no_progress_loops) * available,
					  MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES);
		available += zone_page_state_snapshot(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES);

		/*
                 * Would the allocation succeed if we reclaimed the whole
                 * available?
                 */
		wmark = __zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, min_wmark,
				ac_classzone_idx(ac), alloc_flags, available);
		trace_reclaim_retry_zone(z, order, reclaimable,
				available, min_wmark, *no_progress_loops, wmark);
		if (wmark) {
			/*
                         * If we didn't make any progress and have a lot of
                         * dirty + writeback pages then we should wait for
                         * an IO to complete to slow down the reclaim and
                         * prevent from pre mature OOM
                         */
			if (!did_some_progress) {
				unsigned long write_pending;

				write_pending = zone_page_state_snapshot(zone,
							NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING);

				if (2 * write_pending > reclaimable) {
					congestion_wait(BLK_RW_ASYNC, HZ/10);
					return true;
				}
			}

			/*
                         * Memory allocation/reclaim might be called from a WQ
                         * context and the current implementation of the WQ
                         * concurrency control doesn't recognize that
                         * a particular WQ is congested if the worker thread is
                         * looping without ever sleeping. Therefore we have to
                         * do a short sleep here rather than calling
                         * cond_resched().
                         */
			if (current->flags & PF_WQ_WORKER)
				schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
			else
				cond_resched();

			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Hocko20278.60%333.33%


Vlastimil Babka2610.12%111.11%


Mel Gorman207.78%333.33%


MinChan Kim93.50%222.22%


Total257100.00%9100.00%





static inline struct page *

__alloc_pages_slowpath(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
						struct alloc_context *ac)
{
	bool can_direct_reclaim = gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM;
	struct page *page = NULL;
	unsigned int alloc_flags;
	unsigned long did_some_progress;
	enum compact_priority compact_priority;
	enum compact_result compact_result;
	int compaction_retries;
	int no_progress_loops;
	unsigned long alloc_start = jiffies;
	unsigned int stall_timeout = 10 * HZ;
	unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;

	/*
         * In the slowpath, we sanity check order to avoid ever trying to
         * reclaim >= MAX_ORDER areas which will never succeed. Callers may
         * be using allocators in order of preference for an area that is
         * too large.
         */
	if (order >= MAX_ORDER) {
		WARN_ON_ONCE(!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN));
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
         * We also sanity check to catch abuse of atomic reserves being used by
         * callers that are not in atomic context.
         */
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE((gfp_mask & (__GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM)) ==
				(__GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM)))
		gfp_mask &= ~__GFP_ATOMIC;

retry_cpuset:
	compaction_retries = 0;
	no_progress_loops = 0;
	compact_priority = DEF_COMPACT_PRIORITY;
	cpuset_mems_cookie = read_mems_allowed_begin();

	/*
         * The fast path uses conservative alloc_flags to succeed only until
         * kswapd needs to be woken up, and to avoid the cost of setting up
         * alloc_flags precisely. So we do that now.
         */
	alloc_flags = gfp_to_alloc_flags(gfp_mask);

	/*
         * We need to recalculate the starting point for the zonelist iterator
         * because we might have used different nodemask in the fast path, or
         * there was a cpuset modification and we are retrying - otherwise we
         * could end up iterating over non-eligible zones endlessly.
         */
	ac->preferred_zoneref = first_zones_zonelist(ac->zonelist,
					ac->high_zoneidx, ac->nodemask);
	if (!ac->preferred_zoneref->zone)
		goto nopage;

	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM)
		wake_all_kswapds(order, ac);

	/*
         * The adjusted alloc_flags might result in immediate success, so try
         * that first
         */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

	/*
         * For costly allocations, try direct compaction first, as it's likely
         * that we have enough base pages and don't need to reclaim. Don't try
         * that for allocations that are allowed to ignore watermarks, as the
         * ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS attempt didn't yet happen.
         */
	if (can_direct_reclaim && order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER &&
		!gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(gfp_mask)) {
		page = __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_mask, order,
						alloc_flags, ac,
						INIT_COMPACT_PRIORITY,
						&compact_result);
		if (page)
			goto got_pg;

		/*
                 * Checks for costly allocations with __GFP_NORETRY, which
                 * includes THP page fault allocations
                 */
		if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY) {
			/*
                         * If compaction is deferred for high-order allocations,
                         * it is because sync compaction recently failed. If
                         * this is the case and the caller requested a THP
                         * allocation, we do not want to heavily disrupt the
                         * system, so we fail the allocation instead of entering
                         * direct reclaim.
                         */
			if (compact_result == COMPACT_DEFERRED)
				goto nopage;

			/*
                         * Looks like reclaim/compaction is worth trying, but
                         * sync compaction could be very expensive, so keep
                         * using async compaction.
                         */
			compact_priority = INIT_COMPACT_PRIORITY;
		}
	}

retry:
	/* Ensure kswapd doesn't accidentally go to sleep as long as we loop */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM)
		wake_all_kswapds(order, ac);

	if (gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(gfp_mask))
		alloc_flags = ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS;

	/*
         * Reset the zonelist iterators if memory policies can be ignored.
         * These allocations are high priority and system rather than user
         * orientated.
         */
	if (!(alloc_flags & ALLOC_CPUSET) || (alloc_flags & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS)) {
		ac->zonelist = node_zonelist(numa_node_id(), gfp_mask);
		ac->preferred_zoneref = first_zones_zonelist(ac->zonelist,
					ac->high_zoneidx, ac->nodemask);
	}

	/* Attempt with potentially adjusted zonelist and alloc_flags */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

	/* Caller is not willing to reclaim, we can't balance anything */
	if (!can_direct_reclaim)
		goto nopage;

	/* Make sure we know about allocations which stall for too long */
	if (time_after(jiffies, alloc_start + stall_timeout)) {
		warn_alloc(gfp_mask, ac->nodemask,
			"page allocation stalls for %ums, order:%u",
			jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies-alloc_start), order);
		stall_timeout += 10 * HZ;
	}

	/* Avoid recursion of direct reclaim */
	if (current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC)
		goto nopage;

	/* Try direct reclaim and then allocating */
	page = __alloc_pages_direct_reclaim(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac,
							&did_some_progress);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

	/* Try direct compaction and then allocating */
	page = __alloc_pages_direct_compact(gfp_mask, order, alloc_flags, ac,
					compact_priority, &compact_result);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

	/* Do not loop if specifically requested */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)
		goto nopage;

	/*
         * Do not retry costly high order allocations unless they are
         * __GFP_REPEAT
         */
	if (order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT))
		goto nopage;

	if (should_reclaim_retry(gfp_mask, order, ac, alloc_flags,
				 did_some_progress > 0, &no_progress_loops))
		goto retry;

	/*
         * It doesn't make any sense to retry for the compaction if the order-0
         * reclaim is not able to make any progress because the current
         * implementation of the compaction depends on the sufficient amount
         * of free memory (see __compaction_suitable)
         */
	if (did_some_progress > 0 &&
			should_compact_retry(ac, order, alloc_flags,
				compact_result, &compact_priority,
				&compaction_retries))
		goto retry;

	/*
         * It's possible we raced with cpuset update so the OOM would be
         * premature (see below the nopage: label for full explanation).
         */
	if (read_mems_allowed_retry(cpuset_mems_cookie))
		goto retry_cpuset;

	/* Reclaim has failed us, start killing things */
	page = __alloc_pages_may_oom(gfp_mask, order, ac, &did_some_progress);
	if (page)
		goto got_pg;

	/* Avoid allocations with no watermarks from looping endlessly */
	if (test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE))
		goto nopage;

	/* Retry as long as the OOM killer is making progress */
	if (did_some_progress) {
		no_progress_loops = 0;
		goto retry;
	}

nopage:
	/*
         * When updating a task's mems_allowed or mempolicy nodemask, it is
         * possible to race with parallel threads in such a way that our
         * allocation can fail while the mask is being updated. If we are about
         * to fail, check if the cpuset changed during allocation and if so,
         * retry.
         */
	if (read_mems_allowed_retry(cpuset_mems_cookie))
		goto retry_cpuset;

	/*
         * Make sure that __GFP_NOFAIL request doesn't leak out and make sure
         * we always retry
         */
	if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL) {
		/*
                 * All existing users of the __GFP_NOFAIL are blockable, so warn
                 * of any new users that actually require GFP_NOWAIT
                 */
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!can_direct_reclaim))
			goto fail;

		/*
                 * PF_MEMALLOC request from this context is rather bizarre
                 * because we cannot reclaim anything and only can loop waiting
                 * for somebody to do a work for us
                 */
		WARN_ON_ONCE(current->flags & PF_MEMALLOC);

		/*
                 * non failing costly orders are a hard requirement which we
                 * are not prepared for much so let's warn about these users
                 * so that we can identify them and convert them to something
                 * else.
                 */
		WARN_ON_ONCE(order > PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER);

		/*
                 * Help non-failing allocations by giving them access to memory
                 * reserves but do not use ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS because this
                 * could deplete whole memory reserves which would just make
                 * the situation worse
                 */
		page = __alloc_pages_cpuset_fallback(gfp_mask, order, ALLOC_HARDER, ac);
		if (page)
			goto got_pg;

		cond_resched();
		goto retry;
	}
fail:
	warn_alloc(gfp_mask, ac->nodemask,
			"page allocation failure: order:%u", order);
got_pg:
	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Vlastimil Babka21830.07%1116.42%


Michal Hocko21129.10%1014.93%


Mel Gorman15421.24%1522.39%


Johannes Weiner375.10%45.97%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)263.59%68.96%


Andrew Morton243.31%710.45%


Andrea Arcangeli192.62%11.49%


David Rientjes111.52%45.97%


Rohit Seth70.97%11.49%


Linus Torvalds50.69%22.99%


Nishanth Aravamudan40.55%11.49%


Peter Zijlstra40.55%11.49%


Nicholas Piggin20.28%11.49%


Janet Morgan10.14%11.49%


Qiang Huang10.14%11.49%


Dave Hansen10.14%11.49%


Total725100.00%67100.00%






static inline bool prepare_alloc_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
		struct zonelist *zonelist, nodemask_t *nodemask,
		struct alloc_context *ac, gfp_t *alloc_mask,
		unsigned int *alloc_flags)
{
	ac->high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(gfp_mask);
	ac->zonelist = zonelist;
	ac->nodemask = nodemask;
	ac->migratetype = gfpflags_to_migratetype(gfp_mask);

	if (cpusets_enabled()) {
		*alloc_mask |= __GFP_HARDWALL;
		if (!ac->nodemask)
			ac->nodemask = &cpuset_current_mems_allowed;
		else
			*alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CPUSET;
	}

	lockdep_trace_alloc(gfp_mask);

	might_sleep_if(gfp_mask & __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM);

	if (should_fail_alloc_page(gfp_mask, order))
		return false;

	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CMA) && ac->migratetype == MIGRATE_MOVABLE)
		*alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CMA;

	return true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman9868.06%758.33%


Vlastimil Babka3826.39%325.00%


Andrew Morton74.86%18.33%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz10.69%18.33%


Total144100.00%12100.00%



/* Determine whether to spread dirty pages and what the first usable zone */



static inline void finalise_ac(gfp_t gfp_mask,
		unsigned int order, struct alloc_context *ac)
{
	/* Dirty zone balancing only done in the fast path */
	ac->spread_dirty_pages = (gfp_mask & __GFP_WRITE);

	/*
         * The preferred zone is used for statistics but crucially it is
         * also used as the starting point for the zonelist iterator. It
         * may get reset for allocations that ignore memory policies.
         */
	ac->preferred_zoneref = first_zones_zonelist(ac->zonelist,
					ac->high_zoneidx, ac->nodemask);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4590.00%675.00%


Vlastimil Babka36.00%112.50%


Andrew Morton24.00%112.50%


Total50100.00%8100.00%



/*
 * This is the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator.
 */


struct page *

__alloc_pages_nodemask(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
			struct zonelist *zonelist, nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
	struct page *page;
	unsigned int alloc_flags = ALLOC_WMARK_LOW;
	gfp_t alloc_mask = gfp_mask; /* The gfp_t that was actually used for allocation */
	struct alloc_context ac = { };

	gfp_mask &= gfp_allowed_mask;
	if (!prepare_alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order, zonelist, nodemask, &ac, &alloc_mask, &alloc_flags))
		return NULL;

	finalise_ac(gfp_mask, order, &ac);

	/* First allocation attempt */
	page = get_page_from_freelist(alloc_mask, order, alloc_flags, &ac);
	if (likely(page))
		goto out;

	/*
         * Runtime PM, block IO and its error handling path can deadlock
         * because I/O on the device might not complete.
         */
	alloc_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask);
	ac.spread_dirty_pages = false;

	/*
         * Restore the original nodemask if it was potentially replaced with
         * &cpuset_current_mems_allowed to optimize the fast-path attempt.
         */
	if (unlikely(ac.nodemask != nodemask))
		ac.nodemask = nodemask;

	page = __alloc_pages_slowpath(alloc_mask, order, &ac);

out:
	if (memcg_kmem_enabled() && (gfp_mask & __GFP_ACCOUNT) && page &&
	    unlikely(memcg_kmem_charge(page, gfp_mask, order) != 0)) {
		__free_pages(page, order);
		page = NULL;
	}

	if (kmemcheck_enabled && page)
		kmemcheck_pagealloc_alloc(page, order, gfp_mask);

	trace_mm_page_alloc(page, order, alloc_mask, ac.migratetype);

	return page;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman12353.95%733.33%


Vladimir Davydov4017.54%29.52%


Andrew Morton187.89%419.05%


Vlastimil Babka156.58%314.29%


Xishi Qiu156.58%14.76%


Vegard Nossum93.95%14.76%


Ming Lei62.63%14.76%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz10.44%14.76%


Linus Torvalds10.44%14.76%


Total228100.00%21100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_pages_nodemask);

/*
 * Common helper functions.
 */



unsigned long __get_free_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
	struct page *page;

	/*
         * __get_free_pages() returns a 32-bit address, which cannot represent
         * a highmem page
         */
	VM_BUG_ON((gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM) != 0);

	page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
	if (!page)
		return 0;
	return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)4375.44%240.00%


Akinobu Mita1221.05%120.00%


Linus Torvalds11.75%120.00%


Al Viro11.75%120.00%


Total57100.00%5100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_free_pages);




unsigned long get_zeroed_page(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	return __get_free_pages(gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO, 0);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)1473.68%125.00%


Christoph Lameter210.53%125.00%


Akinobu Mita210.53%125.00%


Al Viro15.26%125.00%


Total19100.00%4100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_zeroed_page);




void __free_pages(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
		if (order == 0)
			free_hot_cold_page(page, false);
		else
			__free_pages_ok(page, order);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)2761.36%120.00%


Andrew Morton1329.55%120.00%


Li Hong24.55%120.00%


Linus Torvalds12.27%120.00%


Mel Gorman12.27%120.00%


Total44100.00%5100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(__free_pages);




void free_pages(unsigned long addr, unsigned int order)
{
	if (addr != 0) {
		VM_BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid((void *)addr));
		__free_pages(virt_to_page((void *)addr), order);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)2552.08%228.57%


Roman Zippel1020.83%114.29%


Dave Hansen816.67%114.29%


Linus Torvalds48.33%228.57%


Nicholas Piggin12.08%114.29%


Total48100.00%7100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages);

/*
 * Page Fragment:
 *  An arbitrary-length arbitrary-offset area of memory which resides
 *  within a 0 or higher order page.  Multiple fragments within that page
 *  are individually refcounted, in the page's reference counter.
 *
 * The page_frag functions below provide a simple allocation framework for
 * page fragments.  This is used by the network stack and network device
 * drivers to provide a backing region of memory for use as either an
 * sk_buff->head, or to be used in the "frags" portion of skb_shared_info.
 */



static struct page *__page_frag_cache_refill(struct page_frag_cache *nc,
					     gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	struct page *page = NULL;
	gfp_t gfp = gfp_mask;

#if (PAGE_SIZE < PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
	gfp_mask |= __GFP_COMP | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY |
		    __GFP_NOMEMALLOC;
	page = alloc_pages_node(NUMA_NO_NODE, gfp_mask,
				PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_ORDER);
	nc->size = page ? PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE : PAGE_SIZE;
#endif
	if (unlikely(!page))
		page = alloc_pages_node(NUMA_NO_NODE, gfp, 0);

	nc->va = page ? page_address(page) : NULL;

	return page;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Alexander Duyck103100.00%2100.00%


Total103100.00%2100.00%






void __page_frag_cache_drain(struct page *page, unsigned int count)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) == 0, page);

	if (page_ref_sub_and_test(page, count)) {
		unsigned int order = compound_order(page);

		if (order == 0)
			free_hot_cold_page(page, false);
		else
			__free_pages_ok(page, order);
	}
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Alexander Duyck67100.00%2100.00%


Total67100.00%2100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(__page_frag_cache_drain);




void *page_frag_alloc(struct page_frag_cache *nc,
		      unsigned int fragsz, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	unsigned int size = PAGE_SIZE;
	struct page *page;
	int offset;

	if (unlikely(!nc->va)) {
refill:
		page = __page_frag_cache_refill(nc, gfp_mask);
		if (!page)
			return NULL;

#if (PAGE_SIZE < PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
		/* if size can vary use size else just use PAGE_SIZE */
		size = nc->size;
#endif
		/* Even if we own the page, we do not use atomic_set().
                 * This would break get_page_unless_zero() users.
                 */
		page_ref_add(page, size - 1);

		/* reset page count bias and offset to start of new frag */
		nc->pfmemalloc = page_is_pfmemalloc(page);
		nc->pagecnt_bias = size;
		nc->offset = size;
	}

	offset = nc->offset - fragsz;
	if (unlikely(offset < 0)) {
		page = virt_to_page(nc->va);

		if (!page_ref_sub_and_test(page, nc->pagecnt_bias))
			goto refill;

#if (PAGE_SIZE < PAGE_FRAG_CACHE_MAX_SIZE)
		/* if size can vary use size else just use PAGE_SIZE */
		size = nc->size;
#endif
		/* OK, page count is 0, we can safely set it */
		set_page_count(page, size);

		/* reset page count bias and offset to start of new frag */
		nc->pagecnt_bias = size;
		offset = size - fragsz;
	}

	nc->pagecnt_bias--;
	nc->offset = offset;

	return nc->va + offset;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Alexander Duyck19995.22%360.00%


JoonSoo Kim73.35%120.00%


Michal Hocko31.44%120.00%


Total209100.00%5100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_frag_alloc);

/*
 * Frees a page fragment allocated out of either a compound or order 0 page.
 */



void page_frag_free(void *addr)
{
	struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(addr);

	if (unlikely(put_page_testzero(page)))
		__free_pages_ok(page, compound_order(page));
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Alexander Duyck39100.00%2100.00%


Total39100.00%2100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_frag_free);




static void *make_alloc_exact(unsigned long addr, unsigned int order,
		size_t size)
{
	if (addr) {
		unsigned long alloc_end = addr + (PAGE_SIZE << order);
		unsigned long used = addr + PAGE_ALIGN(size);

		split_page(virt_to_page((void *)addr), order);
		while (used < alloc_end) {
			free_page(used);
			used += PAGE_SIZE;
		}
	}
	return (void *)addr;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Timur Tabi7183.53%125.00%


Andi Kleen910.59%125.00%


Kevin Cernekee44.71%125.00%


Kirill A. Shutemov11.18%125.00%


Total85100.00%4100.00%



/**
 * alloc_pages_exact - allocate an exact number physically-contiguous pages.
 * @size: the number of bytes to allocate
 * @gfp_mask: GFP flags for the allocation
 *
 * This function is similar to alloc_pages(), except that it allocates the
 * minimum number of pages to satisfy the request.  alloc_pages() can only
 * allocate memory in power-of-two pages.
 *
 * This function is also limited by MAX_ORDER.
 *
 * Memory allocated by this function must be released by free_pages_exact().
 */



void *alloc_pages_exact(size_t size, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	unsigned int order = get_order(size);
	unsigned long addr;

	addr = __get_free_pages(gfp_mask, order);
	return make_alloc_exact(addr, order, size);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andi Kleen44100.00%1100.00%


Total44100.00%1100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(alloc_pages_exact);

/**
 * alloc_pages_exact_nid - allocate an exact number of physically-contiguous
 *                         pages on a node.
 * @nid: the preferred node ID where memory should be allocated
 * @size: the number of bytes to allocate
 * @gfp_mask: GFP flags for the allocation
 *
 * Like alloc_pages_exact(), but try to allocate on node nid first before falling
 * back.
 */



void * __meminit alloc_pages_exact_nid(int nid, size_t size, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	unsigned int order = get_order(size);
	struct page *p = alloc_pages_node(nid, gfp_mask, order);
	if (!p)
		return NULL;
	return make_alloc_exact((unsigned long)page_address(p), order, size);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andi Kleen6296.88%133.33%


Fabian Frederick11.56%133.33%


Kirill A. Shutemov11.56%133.33%


Total64100.00%3100.00%



/**
 * free_pages_exact - release memory allocated via alloc_pages_exact()
 * @virt: the value returned by alloc_pages_exact.
 * @size: size of allocation, same value as passed to alloc_pages_exact().
 *
 * Release the memory allocated by a previous call to alloc_pages_exact.
 */



void free_pages_exact(void *virt, size_t size)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)virt;
	unsigned long end = addr + PAGE_ALIGN(size);

	while (addr < end) {
		free_page(addr);
		addr += PAGE_SIZE;
	}
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Timur Tabi50100.00%1100.00%


Total50100.00%1100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages_exact);

/**
 * nr_free_zone_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
 * @offset: The zone index of the highest zone
 *
 * nr_free_zone_pages() counts the number of counts pages which are beyond the
 * high watermark within all zones at or below a given zone index.  For each
 * zone, the number of pages is calculated as:
 *     managed_pages - high_pages
 */



static unsigned long nr_free_zone_pages(int offset)
{
	struct zoneref *z;
	struct zone *zone;

	/* Just pick one node, since fallback list is circular */
	unsigned long sum = 0;

	struct zonelist *zonelist = node_zonelist(numa_node_id(), GFP_KERNEL);

	for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, offset) {
		unsigned long size = zone->managed_pages;
		unsigned long high = high_wmark_pages(zone);
		if (size > high)
			sum += size - high;
	}

	return sum;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton3035.71%320.00%


Mel Gorman3035.71%426.67%


Linus Torvalds1315.48%213.33%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)78.33%320.00%


Zhang Yanfei22.38%16.67%


Martin J. Bligh11.19%16.67%


Jiang Liu11.19%16.67%


Total84100.00%15100.00%



/**
 * nr_free_buffer_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
 *
 * nr_free_buffer_pages() counts the number of pages which are beyond the high
 * watermark within ZONE_DMA and ZONE_NORMAL.
 */



unsigned long nr_free_buffer_pages(void)
{
	return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_USER));
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton1376.47%250.00%


Al Viro317.65%125.00%


Zhang Yanfei15.88%125.00%


Total17100.00%4100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nr_free_buffer_pages);

/**
 * nr_free_pagecache_pages - count number of pages beyond high watermark
 *
 * nr_free_pagecache_pages() counts the number of pages which are beyond the
 * high watermark within all zones.
 */



unsigned long nr_free_pagecache_pages(void)
{
	return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE));
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton1058.82%233.33%


Al Viro317.65%116.67%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)211.76%116.67%


Zhang Yanfei15.88%116.67%


Mel Gorman15.88%116.67%


Total17100.00%6100.00%






static inline void show_node(struct zone *zone)
{
	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NUMA))
		printk("Node %d ", zone_to_nid(zone));
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton1758.62%120.00%


Christoph Lameter724.14%240.00%


Kirill A. Shutemov413.79%120.00%


Andy Whitcroft13.45%120.00%


Total29100.00%5100.00%






long si_mem_available(void)
{
	long available;
	unsigned long pagecache;
	unsigned long wmark_low = 0;
	unsigned long pages[NR_LRU_LISTS];
	struct zone *zone;
	int lru;

	for (lru = LRU_BASE; lru < NR_LRU_LISTS; lru++)
		pages[lru] = global_node_page_state(NR_LRU_BASE + lru);

	for_each_zone(zone)
		wmark_low += zone->watermark[WMARK_LOW];

	/*
         * Estimate the amount of memory available for userspace allocations,
         * without causing swapping.
         */
	available = global_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES) - totalreserve_pages;

	/*
         * Not all the page cache can be freed, otherwise the system will
         * start swapping. Assume at least half of the page cache, or the
         * low watermark worth of cache, needs to stay.
         */
	pagecache = pages[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE] + pages[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE];
	pagecache -= min(pagecache / 2, wmark_low);
	available += pagecache;

	/*
         * Part of the reclaimable slab consists of items that are in use,
         * and cannot be freed. Cap this estimate at the low watermark.
         */
	available += global_page_state(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE) -
		     min(global_page_state(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE) / 2, wmark_low);

	if (available < 0)
		available = 0;
	return available;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Igor Redko14399.31%150.00%


Mel Gorman10.69%150.00%


Total144100.00%2100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(si_mem_available);




void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo *val)
{
	val->totalram = totalram_pages;
	val->sharedram = global_node_page_state(NR_SHMEM);
	val->freeram = global_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES);
	val->bufferram = nr_blockdev_pages();
	val->totalhigh = totalhigh_pages;
	val->freehigh = nr_free_highpages();
	val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter5490.00%240.00%


Rafael Aquini35.00%120.00%


Andrew Morton23.33%120.00%


Mel Gorman11.67%120.00%


Total60100.00%5100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(si_meminfo);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA



void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid)
{
	int zone_type;		/* needs to be signed */
	unsigned long managed_pages = 0;
	unsigned long managed_highpages = 0;
	unsigned long free_highpages = 0;
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

	for (zone_type = 0; zone_type < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone_type++)
		managed_pages += pgdat->node_zones[zone_type].managed_pages;
	val->totalram = managed_pages;
	val->sharedram = node_page_state(pgdat, NR_SHMEM);
	val->freeram = sum_zone_node_page_state(nid, NR_FREE_PAGES);
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	for (zone_type = 0; zone_type < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone_type++) {
		struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zone_type];

		if (is_highmem(zone)) {
			managed_highpages += zone->managed_pages;
			free_highpages += zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES);
		}
	}
	val->totalhigh = managed_highpages;
	val->freehigh = free_highpages;
#else
	val->totalhigh = managed_highpages;
	val->freehigh = free_highpages;
#endif
	val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim6434.59%17.69%


Christoph Lameter5931.89%323.08%


Jiang Liu3619.46%215.38%


Andrew Morton147.57%430.77%


Rafael Aquini94.86%17.69%


Mel Gorman31.62%215.38%


Total185100.00%13100.00%



#endif

/*
 * Determine whether the node should be displayed or not, depending on whether
 * SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES was passed to show_free_areas().
 */



static bool show_mem_node_skip(unsigned int flags, int nid, nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
	if (!(flags & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES))
		return false;

	/*
         * no node mask - aka implicit memory numa policy. Do not bother with
         * the synchronization - read_mems_allowed_begin - because we do not
         * have to be precise here.
         */
	if (!nodemask)
		nodemask = &cpuset_current_mems_allowed;

	return !node_isset(nid, *nodemask);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Rientjes2754.00%250.00%


Michal Hocko2142.00%125.00%


Mel Gorman24.00%125.00%


Total50100.00%4100.00%




#define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))




static void show_migration_types(unsigned char type)
{
	static const char types[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
		[MIGRATE_UNMOVABLE]	= 'U',
		[MIGRATE_MOVABLE]	= 'M',
		[MIGRATE_RECLAIMABLE]	= 'E',
		[MIGRATE_HIGHATOMIC]	= 'H',
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
		[MIGRATE_CMA]		= 'C',
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
		[MIGRATE_ISOLATE]	= 'I',
#endif
	};
	char tmp[MIGRATE_TYPES + 1];
	char *p = tmp;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < MIGRATE_TYPES; i++) {
		if (type & (1 << i))
			*p++ = types[i];
	}

	*p = '\0';
	printk(KERN_CONT "(%s) ", tmp);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rabin Vincent11587.79%125.00%


Vlastimil Babka86.11%125.00%


MinChan Kim75.34%125.00%


Joe Perches10.76%125.00%


Total131100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * Show free area list (used inside shift_scroll-lock stuff)
 * We also calculate the percentage fragmentation. We do this by counting the
 * memory on each free list with the exception of the first item on the list.
 *
 * Bits in @filter:
 * SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES: suppress nodes that are not allowed by current's
 *   cpuset.
 */



void show_free_areas(unsigned int filter, nodemask_t *nodemask)
{
	unsigned long free_pcp = 0;
	int cpu;
	struct zone *zone;
	pg_data_t *pgdat;

	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
		if (show_mem_node_skip(filter, zone_to_nid(zone), nodemask))
			continue;

		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
			free_pcp += per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->pcp.count;
	}

	printk("active_anon:%lu inactive_anon:%lu isolated_anon:%lu\n"
		" active_file:%lu inactive_file:%lu isolated_file:%lu\n"
		" unevictable:%lu dirty:%lu writeback:%lu unstable:%lu\n"
		" slab_reclaimable:%lu slab_unreclaimable:%lu\n"
		" mapped:%lu shmem:%lu pagetables:%lu bounce:%lu\n"
		" free:%lu free_pcp:%lu free_cma:%lu\n",
		global_node_page_state(NR_ACTIVE_ANON),
		global_node_page_state(NR_INACTIVE_ANON),
		global_node_page_state(NR_ISOLATED_ANON),
		global_node_page_state(NR_ACTIVE_FILE),
		global_node_page_state(NR_INACTIVE_FILE),
		global_node_page_state(NR_ISOLATED_FILE),
		global_node_page_state(NR_UNEVICTABLE),
		global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY),
		global_node_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK),
		global_node_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS),
		global_page_state(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE),
		global_page_state(NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE),
		global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_MAPPED),
		global_node_page_state(NR_SHMEM),
		global_page_state(NR_PAGETABLE),
		global_page_state(NR_BOUNCE),
		global_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES),
		free_pcp,
		global_page_state(NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES));

	for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
		if (show_mem_node_skip(filter, pgdat->node_id, nodemask))
			continue;

		printk("Node %d"
			" active_anon:%lukB"
			" inactive_anon:%lukB"
			" active_file:%lukB"
			" inactive_file:%lukB"
			" unevictable:%lukB"
			" isolated(anon):%lukB"
			" isolated(file):%lukB"
			" mapped:%lukB"
			" dirty:%lukB"
			" writeback:%lukB"
			" shmem:%lukB"
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
			" shmem_thp: %lukB"
			" shmem_pmdmapped: %lukB"
			" anon_thp: %lukB"
#endif
			" writeback_tmp:%lukB"
			" unstable:%lukB"
			" pages_scanned:%lu"
			" all_unreclaimable? %s"
			"\n",
			pgdat->node_id,
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ACTIVE_ANON)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_ANON)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ACTIVE_FILE)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_INACTIVE_FILE)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_UNEVICTABLE)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ISOLATED_ANON)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ISOLATED_FILE)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_FILE_MAPPED)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_FILE_DIRTY)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_WRITEBACK)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_SHMEM)),
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_SHMEM_THPS) * HPAGE_PMD_NR),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_SHMEM_PMDMAPPED)
					* HPAGE_PMD_NR),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_ANON_THPS) * HPAGE_PMD_NR),
#endif
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP)),
			K(node_page_state(pgdat, NR_UNSTABLE_NFS)),
			node_page_state(pgdat, NR_PAGES_SCANNED),
			!pgdat_reclaimable(pgdat) ? "yes" : "no");
	}

	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
		int i;

		if (show_mem_node_skip(filter, zone_to_nid(zone), nodemask))
			continue;

		free_pcp = 0;
		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
			free_pcp += per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->pcp.count;

		show_node(zone);
		printk(KERN_CONT
			"%s"
			" free:%lukB"
			" min:%lukB"
			" low:%lukB"
			" high:%lukB"
			" active_anon:%lukB"
			" inactive_anon:%lukB"
			" active_file:%lukB"
			" inactive_file:%lukB"
			" unevictable:%lukB"
			" writepending:%lukB"
			" present:%lukB"
			" managed:%lukB"
			" mlocked:%lukB"
			" slab_reclaimable:%lukB"
			" slab_unreclaimable:%lukB"
			" kernel_stack:%lukB"
			" pagetables:%lukB"
			" bounce:%lukB"
			" free_pcp:%lukB"
			" local_pcp:%ukB"
			" free_cma:%lukB"
			"\n",
			zone->name,
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_PAGES)),
			K(min_wmark_pages(zone)),
			K(low_wmark_pages(zone)),
			K(high_wmark_pages(zone)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_ZONE_UNEVICTABLE)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING)),
			K(zone->present_pages),
			K(zone->managed_pages),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_MLOCK)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE)),
			zone_page_state(zone, NR_KERNEL_STACK_KB),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_PAGETABLE)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_BOUNCE)),
			K(free_pcp),
			K(this_cpu_read(zone->pageset->pcp.count)),
			K(zone_page_state(zone, NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES)));
		printk("lowmem_reserve[]:");
		for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
			printk(KERN_CONT " %ld", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]);
		printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
	}

	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
		unsigned int order;
		unsigned long nr[MAX_ORDER], flags, total = 0;
		unsigned char types[MAX_ORDER];

		if (show_mem_node_skip(filter, zone_to_nid(zone), nodemask))
			continue;
		show_node(zone);
		printk(KERN_CONT "%s: ", zone->name);

		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
			struct free_area *area = &zone->free_area[order];
			int type;

			nr[order] = area->nr_free;
			total += nr[order] << order;

			types[order] = 0;
			for (type = 0; type < MIGRATE_TYPES; type++) {
				if (!list_empty(&area->free_list[type]))
					types[order] |= 1 << type;
			}
		}
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
		for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
			printk(KERN_CONT "%lu*%lukB ",
			       nr[order], K(1UL) << order);
			if (nr[order])
				show_migration_types(types[order]);
		}
		printk(KERN_CONT "= %lukB\n", K(total));
	}

	hugetlb_show_meminfo();

	printk("%ld total pagecache pages\n", global_node_page_state(NR_FILE_PAGES));

	show_swap_cache_info();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman25025.56%712.28%


Christoph Lameter20320.76%1119.30%


Motohiro Kosaki909.20%610.53%


Rabin Vincent868.79%11.75%


Konstantin Khlebnikov676.85%23.51%


MinChan Kim636.44%23.51%


David Rientjes434.40%35.26%


Andrew Morton323.27%712.28%


Michal Hocko272.76%23.51%


Andy Whitcroft181.84%11.75%


Nicholas Piggin121.23%23.51%


Dave Hansen121.23%11.75%


Oleg Nesterov111.12%11.75%


Alexander Polakov101.02%11.75%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz90.92%11.75%


Larry Woodman90.92%11.75%


Rik Van Riel80.82%11.75%


Jiang Liu80.82%11.75%


Joe Perches60.61%11.75%


Lee Schermerhorn40.41%11.75%


Kirill A. Shutemov40.41%11.75%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki30.31%11.75%


Hugh Dickins20.20%11.75%


Andrew Lutomirski10.10%11.75%


Total978100.00%57100.00%






static void zoneref_set_zone(struct zone *zone, struct zoneref *zoneref)
{
	zoneref->zone = zone;
	zoneref->zone_idx = zone_idx(zone);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman31100.00%1100.00%


Total31100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * Builds allocation fallback zone lists.
 *
 * Add all populated zones of a node to the zonelist.
 */



static int build_zonelists_node(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zonelist *zonelist,
				int nr_zones)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	enum zone_type zone_type = MAX_NR_ZONES;

	do {
		zone_type--;
		zone = pgdat->node_zones + zone_type;
		if (managed_zone(zone)) {
			zoneref_set_zone(zone,
				&zonelist->_zonerefs[nr_zones++]);
			check_highest_zone(zone_type);
		}
	} while (zone_type);

	return nr_zones;
}



Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter6481.01%440.00%


Mel Gorman810.13%220.00%


Zhang Yanfei45.06%110.00%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)22.53%220.00%


Andrew Morton11.27%110.00%


Total79100.00%10100.00%



/*
 *  zonelist_order:
 *  0 = automatic detection of better ordering.
 *  1 = order by ([node] distance, -zonetype)
 *  2 = order by (-zonetype, [node] distance)
 *
 *  If not NUMA, ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE and ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE will create
 *  the same zonelist. So only NUMA can configure this param.
 */

#define ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT  0

#define ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE     1

#define ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE     2

/* zonelist order in the kernel.
 * set_zonelist_order() will set this to NODE or ZONE.
 */

static int current_zonelist_order = ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT;

static char zonelist_order_name[3][8] = {"Default", "Node", "Zone"};


#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/* The value user specified ....changed by config */

static int user_zonelist_order = ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT;
/* string for sysctl */

#define NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN	16

char numa_zonelist_order[16] = "default";

/*
 * interface for configure zonelist ordering.
 * command line option "numa_zonelist_order"
 *      = "[dD]efault   - default, automatic configuration.
 *      = "[nN]ode      - order by node locality, then by zone within node
 *      = "[zZ]one      - order by zone, then by locality within zone
 */




static int __parse_numa_zonelist_order(char *s)
{
	if (*s == 'd' || *s == 'D') {
		user_zonelist_order = ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT;
	} else if (*s == 'n' || *s == 'N') {
		user_zonelist_order = ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE;
	} else if (*s == 'z' || *s == 'Z') {
		user_zonelist_order = ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE;
	} else {
		pr_warn("Ignoring invalid numa_zonelist_order value:  %s\n", s);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki8197.59%133.33%


Joe Perches22.41%266.67%


Total83100.00%3100.00%






static __init int setup_numa_zonelist_order(char *s)
{
	int ret;

	if (!s)
		return 0;

	ret = __parse_numa_zonelist_order(s);
	if (ret == 0)
		strlcpy(numa_zonelist_order, s, NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN);

	return ret;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Volodymyr G. Lukiianyk2553.19%150.00%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki2246.81%150.00%


Total47100.00%2100.00%



early_param("numa_zonelist_order", setup_numa_zonelist_order);

/*
 * sysctl handler for numa_zonelist_order
 */



int numa_zonelist_order_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
		void __user *buffer, size_t *length,
		loff_t *ppos)
{
	char saved_string[NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN];
	int ret;
	static DEFINE_MUTEX(zl_order_mutex);

	mutex_lock(&zl_order_mutex);
	if (write) {
		if (strlen((char *)table->data) >= NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}
		strcpy(saved_string, (char *)table->data);
	}
	ret = proc_dostring(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
	if (ret)
		goto out;
	if (write) {
		int oldval = user_zonelist_order;

		ret = __parse_numa_zonelist_order((char *)table->data);
		if (ret) {
			/*
                         * bogus value.  restore saved string
                         */
			strncpy((char *)table->data, saved_string,
				NUMA_ZONELIST_ORDER_LEN);
			user_zonelist_order = oldval;
		} else if (oldval != user_zonelist_order) {
			mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
			build_all_zonelists(NULL, NULL);
			mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
		}
	}
out:
	mutex_unlock(&zl_order_mutex);
	return ret;
}



Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki12461.39%114.29%


Chen Gang S3316.34%114.29%


Andi Kleen2512.38%114.29%


Haicheng Li178.42%228.57%


Jiang Liu20.99%114.29%


Joe Perches10.50%114.29%


Total202100.00%7100.00%




#define MAX_NODE_LOAD (nr_online_nodes)

static int node_load[MAX_NUMNODES];

/**
 * find_next_best_node - find the next node that should appear in a given node's fallback list
 * @node: node whose fallback list we're appending
 * @used_node_mask: nodemask_t of already used nodes
 *
 * We use a number of factors to determine which is the next node that should
 * appear on a given node's fallback list.  The node should not have appeared
 * already in @node's fallback list, and it should be the next closest node
 * according to the distance array (which contains arbitrary distance values
 * from each node to each node in the system), and should also prefer nodes
 * with no CPUs, since presumably they'll have very little allocation pressure
 * on them otherwise.
 * It returns -1 if no node is found.
 */



static int find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_node_mask)
{
	int n, val;
	int min_val = INT_MAX;
	int best_node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
	const struct cpumask *tmp = cpumask_of_node(0);

	/* Use the local node if we haven't already */
	if (!node_isset(node, *used_node_mask)) {
		node_set(node, *used_node_mask);
		return node;
	}

	for_each_node_state(n, N_MEMORY) {

		/* Don't want a node to appear more than once */
		if (node_isset(n, *used_node_mask))
			continue;

		/* Use the distance array to find the distance */
		val = node_distance(node, n);

		/* Penalize nodes under us ("prefer the next node") */
		val += (n < node);

		/* Give preference to headless and unused nodes */
		tmp = cpumask_of_node(n);
		if (!cpumask_empty(tmp))
			val += PENALTY_FOR_NODE_WITH_CPUS;

		/* Slight preference for less loaded node */
		val *= (MAX_NODE_LOAD*MAX_NUMNODES);
		val += node_load[n];

		if (val < min_val) {
			min_val = val;
			best_node = n;
		}
	}

	if (best_node >= 0)
		node_set(best_node, *used_node_mask);

	return best_node;
}



Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter8046.51%222.22%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki6638.37%111.11%


Rusty Russell126.98%111.11%


Nicholas Piggin63.49%111.11%


Mike Travis42.33%111.11%


Lee Schermerhorn21.16%111.11%


Lai Jiangshan10.58%111.11%


David Rientjes10.58%111.11%


Total172100.00%9100.00%



/*
 * Build zonelists ordered by node and zones within node.
 * This results in maximum locality--normal zone overflows into local
 * DMA zone, if any--but risks exhausting DMA zone.
 */



static void build_zonelists_in_node_order(pg_data_t *pgdat, int node)
{
	int j;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;

	zonelist = &pgdat->node_zonelists[ZONELIST_FALLBACK];
	for (j = 0; zonelist->_zonerefs[j].zone != NULL; j++)
		;
	j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j);
	zonelist->_zonerefs[j].zone = NULL;
	zonelist->_zonerefs[j].zone_idx = 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki6776.14%125.00%


Mel Gorman2022.73%250.00%


Aneesh Kumar K.V11.14%125.00%


Total88100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * Build gfp_thisnode zonelists
 */



static void build_thisnode_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int j;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;

	zonelist = &pgdat->node_zonelists[ZONELIST_NOFALLBACK];
	j = build_zonelists_node(pgdat, zonelist, 0);
	zonelist->_zonerefs[j].zone = NULL;
	zonelist->_zonerefs[j].zone_idx = 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter4370.49%125.00%


Mel Gorman1727.87%250.00%


Aneesh Kumar K.V11.64%125.00%


Total61100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * Build zonelists ordered by zone and nodes within zones.
 * This results in conserving DMA zone[s] until all Normal memory is
 * exhausted, but results in overflowing to remote node while memory
 * may still exist in local DMA zone.
 */

static int node_order[MAX_NUMNODES];




static void build_zonelists_in_zone_order(pg_data_t *pgdat, int nr_nodes)
{
	int pos, j, node;
	int zone_type;		/* needs to be signed */
	struct zone *z;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;

	zonelist = &pgdat->node_zonelists[ZONELIST_FALLBACK];
	pos = 0;
	for (zone_type = MAX_NR_ZONES - 1; zone_type >= 0; zone_type--) {
		for (j = 0; j < nr_nodes; j++) {
			node = node_order[j];
			z = &NODE_DATA(node)->node_zones[zone_type];
			if (managed_zone(z)) {
				zoneref_set_zone(z,
					&zonelist->_zonerefs[pos++]);
				check_highest_zone(zone_type);
			}
		}
	}
	zonelist->_zonerefs[pos].zone = NULL;
	zonelist->_zonerefs[pos].zone_idx = 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki12180.67%120.00%


Mel Gorman2818.67%360.00%


Aneesh Kumar K.V10.67%120.00%


Total150100.00%5100.00%



#if defined(CONFIG_64BIT)
/*
 * Devices that require DMA32/DMA are relatively rare and do not justify a
 * penalty to every machine in case the specialised case applies. Default
 * to Node-ordering on 64-bit NUMA machines
 */



static int default_zonelist_order(void)
{
	return ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki763.64%150.00%


David Rientjes436.36%150.00%


Total11100.00%2100.00%



#else
/*
 * On 32-bit, the Normal zone needs to be preserved for allocations accessible
 * by the kernel. If processes running on node 0 deplete the low memory zone
 * then reclaim will occur more frequency increasing stalls and potentially
 * be easier to OOM if a large percentage of the zone is under writeback or
 * dirty. The problem is significantly worse if CONFIG_HIGHPTE is not set.
 * Hence, default to zone ordering on 32-bit.
 */



static int default_zonelist_order(void)
{
	return ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman654.55%133.33%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki327.27%133.33%


Christoph Lameter218.18%133.33%


Total11100.00%3100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */




static void set_zonelist_order(void)
{
	if (user_zonelist_order == ZONELIST_ORDER_DEFAULT)
		current_zonelist_order = default_zonelist_order();
	else
		current_zonelist_order = user_zonelist_order;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki24100.00%1100.00%


Total24100.00%1100.00%






static void build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int i, node, load;
	nodemask_t used_mask;
	int local_node, prev_node;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;
	unsigned int order = current_zonelist_order;

	/* initialize zonelists */
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_ZONELISTS; i++) {
		zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
		zonelist->_zonerefs[0].zone = NULL;
		zonelist->_zonerefs[0].zone_idx = 0;
	}

	/* NUMA-aware ordering of nodes */
	local_node = pgdat->node_id;
	load = nr_online_nodes;
	prev_node = local_node;
	nodes_clear(used_mask);

	memset(node_order, 0, sizeof(node_order));
	i = 0;

	while ((node = find_next_best_node(local_node, &used_mask)) >= 0) {
		/*
                 * We don't want to pressure a particular node.
                 * So adding penalty to the first node in same
                 * distance group to make it round-robin.
                 */
		if (node_distance(local_node, node) !=
		    node_distance(local_node, prev_node))
			node_load[node] = load;

		prev_node = node;
		load--;
		if (order == ZONELIST_ORDER_NODE)
			build_zonelists_in_node_order(pgdat, node);
		else
			node_order[i++] = node;	/* remember order */
	}

	if (order == ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE) {
		/* calculate node order -- i.e., DMA last! */
		build_zonelists_in_zone_order(pgdat, i);
	}

	build_thisnode_zonelists(pgdat);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter13563.98%444.44%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki5425.59%111.11%


Mel Gorman146.64%111.11%


Yaowei Bai41.90%111.11%


David Rientjes31.42%111.11%


Kirill A. Shutemov10.47%111.11%


Total211100.00%9100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
/*
 * Return node id of node used for "local" allocations.
 * I.e., first node id of first zone in arg node's generic zonelist.
 * Used for initializing percpu 'numa_mem', which is used primarily
 * for kernel allocations, so use GFP_KERNEL flags to locate zonelist.
 */



int local_memory_node(int node)
{
	struct zoneref *z;

	z = first_zones_zonelist(node_zonelist(node, GFP_KERNEL),
				   gfp_zone(GFP_KERNEL),
				   NULL);
	return z->zone->node;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Lee Schermerhorn3384.62%150.00%


Mel Gorman615.38%150.00%


Total39100.00%2100.00%



#endif

static void setup_min_unmapped_ratio(void);
static void setup_min_slab_ratio(void);
#else	/* CONFIG_NUMA */




static void set_zonelist_order(void)
{
	current_zonelist_order = ZONELIST_ORDER_ZONE;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki12100.00%1100.00%


Total12100.00%1100.00%






static void build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	int node, local_node;
	enum zone_type j;
	struct zonelist *zonelist;

	local_node = pgdat->node_id;

	zonelist = &pgdat->node_zonelists[ZONELIST_FALLBACK];
	j = build_zonelists_node(pgdat, zonelist, 0);

	/*
         * Now we build the zonelist so that it contains the zones
         * of all the other nodes.
         * We don't want to pressure a particular node, so when
         * building the zones for node N, we make sure that the
         * zones coming right after the local ones are those from
         * node N+1 (modulo N)
         */
	for (node = local_node + 1; node < MAX_NUMNODES; node++) {
		if (!node_online(node))
			continue;
		j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j);
	}
	for (node = 0; node < local_node; node++) {
		if (!node_online(node))
			continue;
		j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j);
	}

	zonelist->_zonerefs[j].zone = NULL;
	zonelist->_zonerefs[j].zone_idx = 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter9361.18%337.50%


Dave Hansen3019.74%112.50%


Mel Gorman2315.13%225.00%


Yasunori Goto53.29%112.50%


Aneesh Kumar K.V10.66%112.50%


Total152100.00%8100.00%



#endif	/* CONFIG_NUMA */

/*
 * Boot pageset table. One per cpu which is going to be used for all
 * zones and all nodes. The parameters will be set in such a way
 * that an item put on a list will immediately be handed over to
 * the buddy list. This is safe since pageset manipulation is done
 * with interrupts disabled.
 *
 * The boot_pagesets must be kept even after bootup is complete for
 * unused processors and/or zones. They do play a role for bootstrapping
 * hotplugged processors.
 *
 * zoneinfo_show() and maybe other functions do
 * not check if the processor is online before following the pageset pointer.
 * Other parts of the kernel may not check if the zone is available.
 */
static void setup_pageset(struct per_cpu_pageset *p, unsigned long batch);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct per_cpu_pageset, boot_pageset);
static void setup_zone_pageset(struct zone *zone);

/*
 * Global mutex to protect against size modification of zonelists
 * as well as to serialize pageset setup for the new populated zone.
 */

DEFINE_MUTEX(zonelists_mutex);

/* return values int ....just for stop_machine() */



static int __build_all_zonelists(void *data)
{
	int nid;
	int cpu;
	pg_data_t *self = data;

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	memset(node_load, 0, sizeof(node_load));
#endif

	if (self && !node_online(self->node_id)) {
		build_zonelists(self);
	}

	for_each_online_node(nid) {
		pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

		build_zonelists(pgdat);
	}

	/*
         * Initialize the boot_pagesets that are going to be used
         * for bootstrapping processors. The real pagesets for
         * each zone will be allocated later when the per cpu
         * allocator is available.
         *
         * boot_pagesets are used also for bootstrapping offline
         * cpus if the system is already booted because the pagesets
         * are needed to initialize allocators on a specific cpu too.
         * F.e. the percpu allocator needs the page allocator which
         * needs the percpu allocator in order to allocate its pagesets
         * (a chicken-egg dilemma).
         */
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		setup_pageset(&per_cpu(boot_pageset, cpu), 0);

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMORYLESS_NODES
		/*
                 * We now know the "local memory node" for each node--
                 * i.e., the node of the first zone in the generic zonelist.
                 * Set up numa_mem percpu variable for on-line cpus.  During
                 * boot, only the boot cpu should be on-line;  we'll init the
                 * secondary cpus' numa_mem as they come on-line.  During
                 * node/memory hotplug, we'll fixup all on-line cpus.
                 */
		if (cpu_online(cpu))
			set_cpu_numa_mem(cpu, local_memory_node(cpu_to_node(cpu)));
#endif
	}

	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter4837.80%330.00%


Lee Schermerhorn2822.05%110.00%


Jiang Liu2519.69%110.00%


Bo Liu1713.39%110.00%


Dave Hansen43.15%110.00%


Nicholas Piggin21.57%110.00%


Paul Jackson21.57%110.00%


Haicheng Li10.79%110.00%


Total127100.00%10100.00%





static noinline void __init

build_all_zonelists_init(void)
{
	__build_all_zonelists(NULL);
	mminit_verify_zonelist();
	cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rasmus Villemoes21100.00%1100.00%


Total21100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * Called with zonelists_mutex held always
 * unless system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING.
 *
 * __ref due to (1) call of __meminit annotated setup_zone_pageset
 * [we're only called with non-NULL zone through __meminit paths] and
 * (2) call of __init annotated helper build_all_zonelists_init
 * [protected by SYSTEM_BOOTING].
 */



void __ref build_all_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat, struct zone *zone)
{
	set_zonelist_order();

	if (system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
		build_all_zonelists_init();
	} else {
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
		if (zone)
			setup_zone_pageset(zone);
#endif
		/* we have to stop all cpus to guarantee there is no user
                   of zonelist */
		stop_machine(__build_all_zonelists, pgdat, NULL);
		/* cpuset refresh routine should be here */
	}
	vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
	/*
         * Disable grouping by mobility if the number of pages in the
         * system is too low to allow the mechanism to work. It would be
         * more accurate, but expensive to check per-zone. This check is
         * made on memory-hotadd so a system can start with mobility
         * disabled and enable it later
         */
	if (vm_total_pages < (pageblock_nr_pages * MIGRATE_TYPES))
		page_group_by_mobility_disabled = 1;
	else
		page_group_by_mobility_disabled = 0;

	pr_info("Built %i zonelists in %s order, mobility grouping %s.  Total pages: %ld\n",
		nr_online_nodes,
		zonelist_order_name[current_zonelist_order],
		page_group_by_mobility_disabled ? "off" : "on",
		vm_total_pages);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	pr_info("Policy zone: %s\n", zone_names[policy_zone]);
#endif
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki3529.91%213.33%


Mel Gorman2622.22%213.33%


Christoph Lameter2622.22%213.33%


Dave Hansen1210.26%16.67%


Jiang Liu97.69%16.67%


Rusty Russell21.71%16.67%


Anton Blanchard21.71%16.67%


Rasmus Villemoes10.85%16.67%


Cody P Schafer10.85%16.67%


Haicheng Li10.85%16.67%


Paul Mundt10.85%16.67%


Joe Perches10.85%16.67%


Total117100.00%15100.00%



/*
 * Initially all pages are reserved - free ones are freed
 * up by free_all_bootmem() once the early boot process is
 * done. Non-atomic initialization, single-pass.
 */



void __meminit memmap_init_zone(unsigned long size, int nid, unsigned long zone,
		unsigned long start_pfn, enum memmap_context context)
{
	struct vmem_altmap *altmap = to_vmem_altmap(__pfn_to_phys(start_pfn));
	unsigned long end_pfn = start_pfn + size;
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
	unsigned long pfn;
	unsigned long nr_initialised = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
	struct memblock_region *r = NULL, *tmp;
#endif

	if (highest_memmap_pfn < end_pfn - 1)
		highest_memmap_pfn = end_pfn - 1;

	/*
         * Honor reservation requested by the driver for this ZONE_DEVICE
         * memory
         */
	if (altmap && start_pfn == altmap->base_pfn)
		start_pfn += altmap->reserve;

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
		/*
                 * There can be holes in boot-time mem_map[]s handed to this
                 * function.  They do not exist on hotplugged memory.
                 */
		if (context != MEMMAP_EARLY)
			goto not_early;

		if (!early_pfn_valid(pfn)) {
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
			/*
                         * Skip to the pfn preceding the next valid one (or
                         * end_pfn), such that we hit a valid pfn (or end_pfn)
                         * on our next iteration of the loop.
                         */
			pfn = memblock_next_valid_pfn(pfn, end_pfn) - 1;
#endif
			continue;
		}
		if (!early_pfn_in_nid(pfn, nid))
			continue;
		if (!update_defer_init(pgdat, pfn, end_pfn, &nr_initialised))
			break;

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
		/*
                 * Check given memblock attribute by firmware which can affect
                 * kernel memory layout.  If zone==ZONE_MOVABLE but memory is
                 * mirrored, it's an overlapped memmap init. skip it.
                 */
		if (mirrored_kernelcore && zone == ZONE_MOVABLE) {
			if (!r || pfn >= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(r)) {
				for_each_memblock(memory, tmp)
					if (pfn < memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(tmp))
						break;
				r = tmp;
			}
			if (pfn >= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(r) &&
			    memblock_is_mirror(r)) {
				/* already initialized as NORMAL */
				pfn = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(r);
				continue;
			}
		}
#endif

not_early:
		/*
                 * Mark the block movable so that blocks are reserved for
                 * movable at startup. This will force kernel allocations
                 * to reserve their blocks rather than leaking throughout
                 * the address space during boot when many long-lived
                 * kernel allocations are made.
                 *
                 * bitmap is created for zone's valid pfn range. but memmap
                 * can be created for invalid pages (for alignment)
                 * check here not to call set_pageblock_migratetype() against
                 * pfn out of zone.
                 */
		if (!(pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1))) {
			struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

			__init_single_page(page, pfn, zone, nid);
			set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_MOVABLE);
		} else {
			__init_single_pfn(pfn, zone, nid);
		}
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Taku Izumi8927.47%16.25%


Mel Gorman7824.07%425.00%


Christoph Lameter5717.59%212.50%


Dan J Williams3410.49%16.25%


Paul Burton195.86%16.25%


Hugh Dickins144.32%16.25%


Andy Whitcroft113.40%16.25%


Dave Hansen92.78%16.25%


Andrew Morton82.47%16.25%


David Howells30.93%16.25%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)10.31%16.25%


Robin Holt10.31%16.25%


Total324100.00%16100.00%






static void __meminit zone_init_free_lists(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned int order, t;
	for_each_migratetype_order(order, t) {
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->free_area[order].free_list[t]);
		zone->free_area[order].nr_free = 0;
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter3260.38%116.67%


Mel Gorman1222.64%233.33%


Andrew Morton611.32%116.67%


Paul Mundt23.77%116.67%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)11.89%116.67%


Total53100.00%6100.00%



#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMMAP_INIT

#define memmap_init(size, nid, zone, start_pfn) \
	memmap_init_zone((size), (nid), (zone), (start_pfn), MEMMAP_EARLY)
#endif




static int zone_batchsize(struct zone *zone)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
	int batch;

	/*
         * The per-cpu-pages pools are set to around 1000th of the
         * size of the zone.  But no more than 1/2 of a meg.
         *
         * OK, so we don't know how big the cache is.  So guess.
         */
	batch = zone->managed_pages / 1024;
	if (batch * PAGE_SIZE > 512 * 1024)
		batch = (512 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;
	batch /= 4;		/* We effectively *= 4 below */
	if (batch < 1)
		batch = 1;

	/*
         * Clamp the batch to a 2^n - 1 value. Having a power
         * of 2 value was found to be more likely to have
         * suboptimal cache aliasing properties in some cases.
         *
         * For example if 2 tasks are alternately allocating
         * batches of pages, one task can end up with a lot
         * of pages of one half of the possible page colors
         * and the other with pages of the other colors.
         */
	batch = rounddown_pow_of_two(batch + batch/2) - 1;

	return batch;

#else
	/* The deferral and batching of frees should be suppressed under NOMMU
         * conditions.
         *
         * The problem is that NOMMU needs to be able to allocate large chunks
         * of contiguous memory as there's no hardware page translation to
         * assemble apparent contiguous memory from discontiguous pages.
         *
         * Queueing large contiguous runs of pages for batching, however,
         * causes the pages to actually be freed in smaller chunks.  As there
         * can be a significant delay between the individual batches being
         * recycled, this leads to the once large chunks of space being
         * fragmented and becoming unavailable for high-order allocations.
         */
	return 0;
#endif
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter5766.28%19.09%


David Howells1213.95%218.18%


Andrew Morton66.98%218.18%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)44.65%218.18%


Yasunori Goto44.65%19.09%


Jiang Liu11.16%19.09%


Martin Hicks11.16%19.09%


Andy Whitcroft11.16%19.09%


Total86100.00%11100.00%



/*
 * pcp->high and pcp->batch values are related and dependent on one another:
 * ->batch must never be higher then ->high.
 * The following function updates them in a safe manner without read side
 * locking.
 *
 * Any new users of pcp->batch and pcp->high should ensure they can cope with
 * those fields changing asynchronously (acording the the above rule).
 *
 * mutex_is_locked(&pcp_batch_high_lock) required when calling this function
 * outside of boot time (or some other assurance that no concurrent updaters
 * exist).
 */



static void pageset_update(struct per_cpu_pages *pcp, unsigned long high,
		unsigned long batch)
{
       /* start with a fail safe value for batch */
	pcp->batch = 1;
	smp_wmb();

       /* Update high, then batch, in order */
	pcp->high = high;
	smp_wmb();

	pcp->batch = batch;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Cody P Schafer45100.00%1100.00%


Total45100.00%1100.00%



/* a companion to pageset_set_high() */



static void pageset_set_batch(struct per_cpu_pageset *p, unsigned long batch)
{
	pageset_update(&p->pcp, 6 * batch, max(1UL, 1 * batch));
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Cody P Schafer36100.00%2100.00%


Total36100.00%2100.00%






static void pageset_init(struct per_cpu_pageset *p)
{
	struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
	int migratetype;

	memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));

	pcp = &p->pcp;
	pcp->count = 0;
	for (migratetype = 0; migratetype < MIGRATE_PCPTYPES; migratetype++)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp->lists[migratetype]);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter3144.93%112.50%


Mel Gorman2028.99%112.50%


Dave Hansen1115.94%225.00%


Andy Whitcroft34.35%112.50%


Bob Picco22.90%112.50%


Cody P Schafer11.45%112.50%


Adrian Bunk11.45%112.50%


Total69100.00%8100.00%






static void setup_pageset(struct per_cpu_pageset *p, unsigned long batch)
{
	pageset_init(p);
	pageset_set_batch(p, batch);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Cody P Schafer27100.00%1100.00%


Total27100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * pageset_set_high() sets the high water mark for hot per_cpu_pagelist
 * to the value high for the pageset p.
 */



static void pageset_set_high(struct per_cpu_pageset *p,
				unsigned long high)
{
	unsigned long batch = max(1UL, high / 4);
	if ((high / 4) > (PAGE_SHIFT * 8))
		batch = PAGE_SHIFT * 8;

	pageset_update(&p->pcp, high, batch);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter3456.67%125.00%


Cody P Schafer1728.33%250.00%


Andrew Morton915.00%125.00%


Total60100.00%4100.00%






static void pageset_set_high_and_batch(struct zone *zone,
				       struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp)
{
	if (percpu_pagelist_fraction)
		pageset_set_high(pcp,
			(zone->managed_pages /
				percpu_pagelist_fraction));
	else
		pageset_set_batch(pcp, zone_batchsize(zone));
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter2147.73%225.00%


Cody P Schafer1636.36%337.50%


Andrew Morton511.36%112.50%


Jiang Liu12.27%112.50%


Fengguang Wu12.27%112.50%


Total44100.00%8100.00%






static void __meminit zone_pageset_init(struct zone *zone, int cpu)
{
	struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);

	pageset_init(pcp);
	pageset_set_high_and_batch(zone, pcp);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Cody P Schafer41100.00%1100.00%


Total41100.00%1100.00%






static void __meminit setup_zone_pageset(struct zone *zone)
{
	int cpu;
	zone->pageset = alloc_percpu(struct per_cpu_pageset);
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
		zone_pageset_init(zone, cpu);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Cody P Schafer3597.22%150.00%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)12.78%150.00%


Total36100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * Allocate per cpu pagesets and initialize them.
 * Before this call only boot pagesets were available.
 */



void __init setup_per_cpu_pageset(void)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat;
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_populated_zone(zone)
		setup_zone_pageset(zone);

	for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat)
		pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats =
			alloc_percpu(struct per_cpu_nodestat);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Fengguang Wu2151.22%133.33%


Mel Gorman1946.34%133.33%


Christoph Lameter12.44%133.33%


Total41100.00%3100.00%






static __meminit void zone_pcp_init(struct zone *zone)
{
	/*
         * per cpu subsystem is not up at this point. The following code
         * relies on the ability of the linker to provide the
         * offset of a (static) per cpu variable into the per cpu area.
         */
	zone->pageset = &boot_pageset;

	if (populated_zone(zone))
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "  %s zone: %lu pages, LIFO batch:%u\n",
			zone->name, zone->present_pages,
					 zone_batchsize(zone));
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter3065.22%250.00%


Nikita Danilov1328.26%125.00%


Xishi Qiu36.52%125.00%


Total46100.00%4100.00%






int __meminit init_currently_empty_zone(struct zone *zone,
					unsigned long zone_start_pfn,
					unsigned long size)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;

	pgdat->nr_zones = zone_idx(zone) + 1;

	zone->zone_start_pfn = zone_start_pfn;

	mminit_dprintk(MMINIT_TRACE, "memmap_init",
			"Initialising map node %d zone %lu pfns %lu -> %lu\n",
			pgdat->node_id,
			(unsigned long)zone_idx(zone),
			zone_start_pfn, (zone_start_pfn + size));

	zone_init_free_lists(zone);
	zone->initialized = 1;

	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter4651.69%120.00%


Mel Gorman3033.71%120.00%


Nikita Danilov66.74%120.00%


Linus Torvalds66.74%120.00%


Jiang Liu11.12%120.00%


Total89100.00%5100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID

/*
 * Required by SPARSEMEM. Given a PFN, return what node the PFN is on.
 */



int __meminit __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn,
					struct mminit_pfnnid_cache *state)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	int nid;

	if (state->last_start <= pfn && pfn < state->last_end)
		return state->last_nid;

	nid = memblock_search_pfn_nid(pfn, &start_pfn, &end_pfn);
	if (nid != -1) {
		state->last_start = start_pfn;
		state->last_end = end_pfn;
		state->last_nid = nid;
	}

	return nid;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman3945.35%228.57%


Russ Anderson2326.74%114.29%


Yinghai Lu1416.28%114.29%


Tejun Heo89.30%114.29%


Stephen Rothwell11.16%114.29%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki11.16%114.29%


Total86100.00%7100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID */

/**
 * free_bootmem_with_active_regions - Call memblock_free_early_nid for each active range
 * @nid: The node to free memory on. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes are freed.
 * @max_low_pfn: The highest PFN that will be passed to memblock_free_early_nid
 *
 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered contain no holes
 * and may be freed, this this function may be used instead of calling
 * memblock_free_early_nid() manually.
 */



void __init free_bootmem_with_active_regions(int nid, unsigned long max_low_pfn)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	int i, this_nid;

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, &this_nid) {
		start_pfn = min(start_pfn, max_low_pfn);
		end_pfn = min(end_pfn, max_low_pfn);

		if (start_pfn < end_pfn)
			memblock_free_early_nid(PFN_PHYS(start_pfn),
					(end_pfn - start_pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT,
					this_nid);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4657.50%133.33%


Tejun Heo3138.75%133.33%


Santosh Shilimkar33.75%133.33%


Total80100.00%3100.00%



/**
 * sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions - Call memory_present for each active range
 * @nid: The node to call memory_present for. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes will be used.
 *
 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered contain no holes and may
 * be freed, this function may be used instead of calling memory_present() manually.
 */



void __init sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(int nid)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	int i, this_nid;

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, &this_nid)
		memory_present(this_nid, start_pfn, end_pfn);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1946.34%133.33%


Tejun Heo1639.02%133.33%


Yinghai Lu614.63%133.33%


Total41100.00%3100.00%



/**
 * get_pfn_range_for_nid - Return the start and end page frames for a node
 * @nid: The nid to return the range for. If MAX_NUMNODES, the min and max PFN are returned.
 * @start_pfn: Passed by reference. On return, it will have the node start_pfn.
 * @end_pfn: Passed by reference. On return, it will have the node end_pfn.
 *
 * It returns the start and end page frame of a node based on information
 * provided by memblock_set_node(). If called for a node
 * with no available memory, a warning is printed and the start and end
 * PFNs will be 0.
 */



void __meminit get_pfn_range_for_nid(unsigned int nid,
			unsigned long *start_pfn, unsigned long *end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long this_start_pfn, this_end_pfn;
	int i;

	*start_pfn = -1UL;
	*end_pfn = 0;

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &this_start_pfn, &this_end_pfn, NULL) {
		*start_pfn = min(*start_pfn, this_start_pfn);
		*end_pfn = max(*end_pfn, this_end_pfn);
	}

	if (*start_pfn == -1UL)
		*start_pfn = 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4044.94%125.00%


Yinghai Lu3337.08%125.00%


Tejun Heo1516.85%125.00%


Yasunori Goto11.12%125.00%


Total89100.00%4100.00%



/*
 * This finds a zone that can be used for ZONE_MOVABLE pages. The
 * assumption is made that zones within a node are ordered in monotonic
 * increasing memory addresses so that the "highest" populated zone is used
 */



static void __init find_usable_zone_for_movable(void)
{
	int zone_index;
	for (zone_index = MAX_NR_ZONES - 1; zone_index >= 0; zone_index--) {
		if (zone_index == ZONE_MOVABLE)
			continue;

		if (arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[zone_index] >
				arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[zone_index])
			break;
	}

	VM_BUG_ON(zone_index == -1);
	movable_zone = zone_index;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4573.77%133.33%


Yinghai Lu1524.59%133.33%


Adrian Bunk11.64%133.33%


Total61100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * The zone ranges provided by the architecture do not include ZONE_MOVABLE
 * because it is sized independent of architecture. Unlike the other zones,
 * the starting point for ZONE_MOVABLE is not fixed. It may be different
 * in each node depending on the size of each node and how evenly kernelcore
 * is distributed. This helper function adjusts the zone ranges
 * provided by the architecture for a given node by using the end of the
 * highest usable zone for ZONE_MOVABLE. This preserves the assumption that
 * zones within a node are in order of monotonic increases memory addresses
 */



static void __meminit adjust_zone_range_for_zone_movable(int nid,
					unsigned long zone_type,
					unsigned long node_start_pfn,
					unsigned long node_end_pfn,
					unsigned long *zone_start_pfn,
					unsigned long *zone_end_pfn)
{
	/* Only adjust if ZONE_MOVABLE is on this node */
	if (zone_movable_pfn[nid]) {
		/* Size ZONE_MOVABLE */
		if (zone_type == ZONE_MOVABLE) {
			*zone_start_pfn = zone_movable_pfn[nid];
			*zone_end_pfn = min(node_end_pfn,
				arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[movable_zone]);

		/* Adjust for ZONE_MOVABLE starting within this range */
		} else if (!mirrored_kernelcore &&
			*zone_start_pfn < zone_movable_pfn[nid] &&
			*zone_end_pfn > zone_movable_pfn[nid]) {
			*zone_end_pfn = zone_movable_pfn[nid];

		/* Check if this whole range is within ZONE_MOVABLE */
		} else if (*zone_start_pfn >= zone_movable_pfn[nid])
			*zone_start_pfn = *zone_end_pfn;
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman7157.72%120.00%


Xishi Qiu3326.83%120.00%


Yinghai Lu1814.63%240.00%


Adrian Bunk10.81%120.00%


Total123100.00%5100.00%



/*
 * Return the number of pages a zone spans in a node, including holes
 * present_pages = zone_spanned_pages_in_node() - zone_absent_pages_in_node()
 */



static unsigned long __meminit zone_spanned_pages_in_node(int nid,
					unsigned long zone_type,
					unsigned long node_start_pfn,
					unsigned long node_end_pfn,
					unsigned long *zone_start_pfn,
					unsigned long *zone_end_pfn,
					unsigned long *ignored)
{
	/* When hotadd a new node from cpu_up(), the node should be empty */
	if (!node_start_pfn && !node_end_pfn)
		return 0;

	/* Get the start and end of the zone */
	*zone_start_pfn = arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[zone_type];
	*zone_end_pfn = arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[zone_type];
	adjust_zone_range_for_zone_movable(nid, zone_type,
				node_start_pfn, node_end_pfn,
				zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn);

	/* Check that this node has pages within the zone's required range */
	if (*zone_end_pfn < node_start_pfn || *zone_start_pfn > node_end_pfn)
		return 0;

	/* Move the zone boundaries inside the node if necessary */
	*zone_end_pfn = min(*zone_end_pfn, node_end_pfn);
	*zone_start_pfn = max(*zone_start_pfn, node_start_pfn);

	/* Return the spanned pages */
	return *zone_end_pfn - *zone_start_pfn;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman8666.67%225.00%


Taku Izumi2015.50%112.50%


Xishi Qiu129.30%225.00%


Zhang Yanfei96.98%112.50%


Paul Mundt10.78%112.50%


Yasunori Goto10.78%112.50%


Total129100.00%8100.00%



/*
 * Return the number of holes in a range on a node. If nid is MAX_NUMNODES,
 * then all holes in the requested range will be accounted for.
 */



unsigned long __meminit __absent_pages_in_range(int nid,
				unsigned long range_start_pfn,
				unsigned long range_end_pfn)
{
	unsigned long nr_absent = range_end_pfn - range_start_pfn;
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	int i;

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, NULL) {
		start_pfn = clamp(start_pfn, range_start_pfn, range_end_pfn);
		end_pfn = clamp(end_pfn, range_start_pfn, range_end_pfn);
		nr_absent -= end_pfn - start_pfn;
	}
	return nr_absent;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman5771.25%133.33%


Tejun Heo2227.50%133.33%


Yasunori Goto11.25%133.33%


Total80100.00%3100.00%



/**
 * absent_pages_in_range - Return number of page frames in holes within a range
 * @start_pfn: The start PFN to start searching for holes
 * @end_pfn: The end PFN to stop searching for holes
 *
 * It returns the number of pages frames in memory holes within a range.
 */



unsigned long __init absent_pages_in_range(unsigned long start_pfn,
							unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	return __absent_pages_in_range(MAX_NUMNODES, start_pfn, end_pfn);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman25100.00%2100.00%


Total25100.00%2100.00%



/* Return the number of page frames in holes in a zone on a node */



static unsigned long __meminit zone_absent_pages_in_node(int nid,
					unsigned long zone_type,
					unsigned long node_start_pfn,
					unsigned long node_end_pfn,
					unsigned long *ignored)
{
	unsigned long zone_low = arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[zone_type];
	unsigned long zone_high = arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[zone_type];
	unsigned long zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn;
	unsigned long nr_absent;

	/* When hotadd a new node from cpu_up(), the node should be empty */
	if (!node_start_pfn && !node_end_pfn)
		return 0;

	zone_start_pfn = clamp(node_start_pfn, zone_low, zone_high);
	zone_end_pfn = clamp(node_end_pfn, zone_low, zone_high);

	adjust_zone_range_for_zone_movable(nid, zone_type,
			node_start_pfn, node_end_pfn,
			&zone_start_pfn, &zone_end_pfn);
	nr_absent = __absent_pages_in_range(nid, zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn);

	/*
         * ZONE_MOVABLE handling.
         * Treat pages to be ZONE_MOVABLE in ZONE_NORMAL as absent pages
         * and vice versa.
         */
	if (mirrored_kernelcore && zone_movable_pfn[nid]) {
		unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
		struct memblock_region *r;

		for_each_memblock(memory, r) {
			start_pfn = clamp(memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(r),
					  zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn);
			end_pfn = clamp(memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(r),
					zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn);

			if (zone_type == ZONE_MOVABLE &&
			    memblock_is_mirror(r))
				nr_absent += end_pfn - start_pfn;

			if (zone_type == ZONE_NORMAL &&
			    !memblock_is_mirror(r))
				nr_absent += end_pfn - start_pfn;
		}
	}

	return nr_absent;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Taku Izumi10146.98%19.09%


Mel Gorman6228.84%327.27%


Tejun Heo2813.02%19.09%


Xishi Qiu146.51%327.27%


Zhang Yanfei83.72%19.09%


Yasunori Goto10.47%19.09%


Paul Mundt10.47%19.09%


Total215100.00%11100.00%



#else /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */



static inline unsigned long __meminit zone_spanned_pages_in_node(int nid,
					unsigned long zone_type,
					unsigned long node_start_pfn,
					unsigned long node_end_pfn,
					unsigned long *zone_start_pfn,
					unsigned long *zone_end_pfn,
					unsigned long *zones_size)
{
	unsigned int zone;

	*zone_start_pfn = node_start_pfn;
	for (zone = 0; zone < zone_type; zone++)
		*zone_start_pfn += zones_size[zone];

	*zone_end_pfn = *zone_start_pfn + zones_size[zone_type];

	return zones_size[zone_type];
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Taku Izumi5159.30%125.00%


Mel Gorman2630.23%125.00%


Zhang Yanfei89.30%125.00%


Yasunori Goto11.16%125.00%


Total86100.00%4100.00%






static inline unsigned long __meminit zone_absent_pages_in_node(int nid,
						unsigned long zone_type,
						unsigned long node_start_pfn,
						unsigned long node_end_pfn,
						unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
	if (!zholes_size)
		return 0;

	return zholes_size[zone_type];
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman3479.07%133.33%


Zhang Yanfei818.60%133.33%


Paul Mundt12.33%133.33%


Total43100.00%3100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */




static void __meminit calculate_node_totalpages(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
						unsigned long node_start_pfn,
						unsigned long node_end_pfn,
						unsigned long *zones_size,
						unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
	unsigned long realtotalpages = 0, totalpages = 0;
	enum zone_type i;

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + i;
		unsigned long zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn;
		unsigned long size, real_size;

		size = zone_spanned_pages_in_node(pgdat->node_id, i,
						  node_start_pfn,
						  node_end_pfn,
						  &zone_start_pfn,
						  &zone_end_pfn,
						  zones_size);
		real_size = size - zone_absent_pages_in_node(pgdat->node_id, i,
						  node_start_pfn, node_end_pfn,
						  zholes_size);
		if (size)
			zone->zone_start_pfn = zone_start_pfn;
		else
			zone->zone_start_pfn = 0;
		zone->spanned_pages = size;
		zone->present_pages = real_size;

		totalpages += size;
		realtotalpages += real_size;
	}

	pgdat->node_spanned_pages = totalpages;
	pgdat->node_present_pages = realtotalpages;
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "On node %d totalpages: %lu\n", pgdat->node_id,
							realtotalpages);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman8646.49%228.57%


Gu Zheng5228.11%114.29%


Taku Izumi2915.68%114.29%


Zhang Yanfei168.65%114.29%


Yasunori Goto10.54%114.29%


Paul Mundt10.54%114.29%


Total185100.00%7100.00%



#ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
/*
 * Calculate the size of the zone->blockflags rounded to an unsigned long
 * Start by making sure zonesize is a multiple of pageblock_order by rounding
 * up. Then use 1 NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS worth of bits per pageblock, finally
 * round what is now in bits to nearest long in bits, then return it in
 * bytes.
 */



static unsigned long __init usemap_size(unsigned long zone_start_pfn, unsigned long zonesize)
{
	unsigned long usemapsize;

	zonesize += zone_start_pfn & (pageblock_nr_pages-1);
	usemapsize = roundup(zonesize, pageblock_nr_pages);
	usemapsize = usemapsize >> pageblock_order;
	usemapsize *= NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS;
	usemapsize = roundup(usemapsize, 8 * sizeof(unsigned long));

	return usemapsize / 8;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman5579.71%266.67%


Linus Torvalds1420.29%133.33%


Total69100.00%3100.00%






static void __init setup_usemap(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
				struct zone *zone,
				unsigned long zone_start_pfn,
				unsigned long zonesize)
{
	unsigned long usemapsize = usemap_size(zone_start_pfn, zonesize);
	zone->pageblock_flags = NULL;
	if (usemapsize)
		zone->pageblock_flags =
			memblock_virt_alloc_node_nopanic(usemapsize,
							 pgdat->node_id);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4881.36%133.33%


Linus Torvalds610.17%133.33%


Santosh Shilimkar58.47%133.33%


Total59100.00%3100.00%



#else



static inline void setup_usemap(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct zone *zone,
				unsigned long zone_start_pfn, unsigned long zonesize) {}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1979.17%133.33%


Linus Torvalds416.67%133.33%


Jesper Juhl14.17%133.33%


Total24100.00%3100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM */

#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE

/* Initialise the number of pages represented by NR_PAGEBLOCK_BITS */



void __paginginit set_pageblock_order(void)
{
	unsigned int order;

	/* Check that pageblock_nr_pages has not already been setup */
	if (pageblock_order)
		return;

	if (HPAGE_SHIFT > PAGE_SHIFT)
		order = HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER;
	else
		order = MAX_ORDER - 1;

	/*
         * Assume the largest contiguous order of interest is a huge page.
         * This value may be variable depending on boot parameters on IA64 and
         * powerpc.
         */
	pageblock_order = order;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton2255.00%133.33%


Mel Gorman1742.50%133.33%


Chen Gang S12.50%133.33%


Total40100.00%3100.00%



#else /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE */

/*
 * When CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE is not set, set_pageblock_order()
 * is unused as pageblock_order is set at compile-time. See
 * include/linux/pageblock-flags.h for the values of pageblock_order based on
 * the kernel config
 */



void __paginginit set_pageblock_order(void)
{
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman342.86%133.33%


Andrew Morton342.86%133.33%


Chen Gang S114.29%133.33%


Total7100.00%3100.00%



#endif /* CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_SIZE_VARIABLE */




static unsigned long __paginginit calc_memmap_size(unsigned long spanned_pages,
						   unsigned long present_pages)
{
	unsigned long pages = spanned_pages;

	/*
         * Provide a more accurate estimation if there are holes within
         * the zone and SPARSEMEM is in use. If there are holes within the
         * zone, each populated memory region may cost us one or two extra
         * memmap pages due to alignment because memmap pages for each
         * populated regions may not be naturally aligned on page boundary.
         * So the (present_pages >> 4) heuristic is a tradeoff for that.
         */
	if (spanned_pages > present_pages + (present_pages >> 4) &&
	    IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM))
		pages = present_pages;

	return PAGE_ALIGN(pages * sizeof(struct page)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Jiang Liu5798.28%150.00%


Masahiro Yamada11.72%150.00%


Total58100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * Set up the zone data structures:
 *   - mark all pages reserved
 *   - mark all memory queues empty
 *   - clear the memory bitmaps
 *
 * NOTE: pgdat should get zeroed by caller.
 */



static void __paginginit free_area_init_core(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
	enum zone_type j;
	int nid = pgdat->node_id;
	int ret;

	pgdat_resize_init(pgdat);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING
	spin_lock_init(&pgdat->numabalancing_migrate_lock);
	pgdat->numabalancing_migrate_nr_pages = 0;
	pgdat->numabalancing_migrate_next_window = jiffies;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	spin_lock_init(&pgdat->split_queue_lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pgdat->split_queue);
	pgdat->split_queue_len = 0;
#endif
	init_waitqueue_head(&pgdat->kswapd_wait);
	init_waitqueue_head(&pgdat->pfmemalloc_wait);
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPACTION
	init_waitqueue_head(&pgdat->kcompactd_wait);
#endif
	pgdat_page_ext_init(pgdat);
	spin_lock_init(&pgdat->lru_lock);
	lruvec_init(node_lruvec(pgdat));

	for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
		struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + j;
		unsigned long size, realsize, freesize, memmap_pages;
		unsigned long zone_start_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn;

		size = zone->spanned_pages;
		realsize = freesize = zone->present_pages;

		/*
                 * Adjust freesize so that it accounts for how much memory
                 * is used by this zone for memmap. This affects the watermark
                 * and per-cpu initialisations
                 */
		memmap_pages = calc_memmap_size(size, realsize);
		if (!is_highmem_idx(j)) {
			if (freesize >= memmap_pages) {
				freesize -= memmap_pages;
				if (memmap_pages)
					printk(KERN_DEBUG
					       "  %s zone: %lu pages used for memmap\n",
					       zone_names[j], memmap_pages);
			} else
				pr_warn("  %s zone: %lu pages exceeds freesize %lu\n",
					zone_names[j], memmap_pages, freesize);
		}

		/* Account for reserved pages */
		if (j == 0 && freesize > dma_reserve) {
			freesize -= dma_reserve;
			printk(KERN_DEBUG "  %s zone: %lu pages reserved\n",
					zone_names[0], dma_reserve);
		}

		if (!is_highmem_idx(j))
			nr_kernel_pages += freesize;
		/* Charge for highmem memmap if there are enough kernel pages */
		else if (nr_kernel_pages > memmap_pages * 2)
			nr_kernel_pages -= memmap_pages;
		nr_all_pages += freesize;

		/*
                 * Set an approximate value for lowmem here, it will be adjusted
                 * when the bootmem allocator frees pages into the buddy system.
                 * And all highmem pages will be managed by the buddy system.
                 */
		zone->managed_pages = is_highmem_idx(j) ? realsize : freesize;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
		zone->node = nid;
#endif
		zone->name = zone_names[j];
		zone->zone_pgdat = pgdat;
		spin_lock_init(&zone->lock);
		zone_seqlock_init(zone);
		zone_pcp_init(zone);

		if (!size)
			continue;

		set_pageblock_order();
		setup_usemap(pgdat, zone, zone_start_pfn, size);
		ret = init_currently_empty_zone(zone, zone_start_pfn, size);
		BUG_ON(ret);
		memmap_init(size, nid, j, zone_start_pfn);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman24758.81%830.77%


Jiang Liu419.76%27.69%


Kirill A. Shutemov276.43%13.85%


Andrea Arcangeli255.95%13.85%


Vlastimil Babka133.10%13.85%


Heiko Carstens112.62%13.85%


Christoph Lameter112.62%27.69%


Zhong Hongbo102.38%13.85%


Yinghai Lu102.38%27.69%


Taku Izumi81.90%13.85%


Gu Zheng61.43%13.85%


JoonSoo Kim51.19%13.85%


Linus Torvalds20.48%13.85%


Johannes Weiner20.48%13.85%


Joe Perches10.24%13.85%


Alexander van Heukelum10.24%13.85%


Total420100.00%26100.00%






static void __ref alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
	unsigned long __maybe_unused start = 0;
	unsigned long __maybe_unused offset = 0;

	/* Skip empty nodes */
	if (!pgdat->node_spanned_pages)
		return;

#ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
	start = pgdat->node_start_pfn & ~(MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1);
	offset = pgdat->node_start_pfn - start;
	/* ia64 gets its own node_mem_map, before this, without bootmem */
	if (!pgdat->node_mem_map) {
		unsigned long size, end;
		struct page *map;

		/*
                 * The zone's endpoints aren't required to be MAX_ORDER
                 * aligned but the node_mem_map endpoints must be in order
                 * for the buddy allocator to function correctly.
                 */
		end = pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat);
		end = ALIGN(end, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
		size =  (end - start) * sizeof(struct page);
		map = alloc_remap(pgdat->node_id, size);
		if (!map)
			map = memblock_virt_alloc_node_nopanic(size,
							       pgdat->node_id);
		pgdat->node_mem_map = map + offset;
	}
#ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
	/*
         * With no DISCONTIG, the global mem_map is just set as node 0's
         */
	if (pgdat == NODE_DATA(0)) {
		mem_map = NODE_DATA(0)->node_mem_map;
#if defined(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP) || defined(CONFIG_FLATMEM)
		if (page_to_pfn(mem_map) != pgdat->node_start_pfn)
			mem_map -= offset;
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */
	}
#endif
#endif /* CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP */
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman13063.73%110.00%


Tony Luck2813.73%110.00%


Laura Abbott2713.24%110.00%


Santosh Shilimkar52.45%110.00%


Nikita Danilov41.96%110.00%


Cody P Schafer31.47%110.00%


Roman Zippel31.47%110.00%


Tejun Heo20.98%110.00%


Fabian Frederick10.49%110.00%


Christoph Lameter10.49%110.00%


Total204100.00%10100.00%






void __paginginit free_area_init_node(int nid, unsigned long *zones_size,
		unsigned long node_start_pfn, unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
	unsigned long start_pfn = 0;
	unsigned long end_pfn = 0;

	/* pg_data_t should be reset to zero when it's allocated */
	WARN_ON(pgdat->nr_zones || pgdat->kswapd_classzone_idx);

	reset_deferred_meminit(pgdat);
	pgdat->node_id = nid;
	pgdat->node_start_pfn = node_start_pfn;
	pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats = NULL;
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
	get_pfn_range_for_nid(nid, &start_pfn, &end_pfn);
	pr_info("Initmem setup node %d [mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx]\n", nid,
		(u64)start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
		end_pfn ? ((u64)end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1 : 0);
#else
	start_pfn = node_start_pfn;
#endif
	calculate_node_totalpages(pgdat, start_pfn, end_pfn,
				  zones_size, zholes_size);

	alloc_node_mem_map(pgdat);
#ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
	printk(KERN_DEBUG "free_area_init_node: node %d, pgdat %08lx, node_mem_map %08lx\n",
		nid, (unsigned long)pgdat,
		(unsigned long)pgdat->node_mem_map);
#endif

	free_area_init_core(pgdat);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman6133.89%426.67%


Zhang Yanfei3217.78%16.67%


Yinghai Lu2715.00%16.67%


Luiz Fernando N. Capitulino1910.56%16.67%


MinChan Kim116.11%16.67%


Johannes Weiner95.00%16.67%


Taku Izumi63.33%16.67%


Juergen Gross63.33%16.67%


Zhen Lei42.22%16.67%


Nikita Danilov21.11%16.67%


Christoph Lameter21.11%16.67%


Alexander van Heukelum10.56%16.67%


Total180100.00%15100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP

#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
/*
 * Figure out the number of possible node ids.
 */



void __init setup_nr_node_ids(void)
{
	unsigned int highest;

	highest = find_last_bit(node_possible_map.bits, MAX_NUMNODES);
	nr_node_ids = highest + 1;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Miklos Szeredi1137.93%120.00%


Mel Gorman827.59%120.00%


Wei Yang724.14%120.00%


Nikita Danilov26.90%120.00%


Christoph Lameter13.45%120.00%


Total29100.00%5100.00%



#endif

/**
 * node_map_pfn_alignment - determine the maximum internode alignment
 *
 * This function should be called after node map is populated and sorted.
 * It calculates the maximum power of two alignment which can distinguish
 * all the nodes.
 *
 * For example, if all nodes are 1GiB and aligned to 1GiB, the return value
 * would indicate 1GiB alignment with (1 << (30 - PAGE_SHIFT)).  If the
 * nodes are shifted by 256MiB, 256MiB.  Note that if only the last node is
 * shifted, 1GiB is enough and this function will indicate so.
 *
 * This is used to test whether pfn -> nid mapping of the chosen memory
 * model has fine enough granularity to avoid incorrect mapping for the
 * populated node map.
 *
 * Returns the determined alignment in pfn's.  0 if there is no alignment
 * requirement (single node).
 */



unsigned long __init node_map_pfn_alignment(void)
{
	unsigned long accl_mask = 0, last_end = 0;
	unsigned long start, end, mask;
	int last_nid = -1;
	int i, nid;

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, MAX_NUMNODES, &start, &end, &nid) {
		if (!start || last_nid < 0 || last_nid == nid) {
			last_nid = nid;
			last_end = end;
			continue;
		}

		/*
                 * Start with a mask granular enough to pin-point to the
                 * start pfn and tick off bits one-by-one until it becomes
                 * too coarse to separate the current node from the last.
                 */
		mask = ~((1 << __ffs(start)) - 1);
		while (mask && last_end <= (start & (mask << 1)))
			mask <<= 1;

		/* accumulate all internode masks */
		accl_mask |= mask;
	}

	/* convert mask to number of pages */
	return ~accl_mask + 1;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Tejun Heo125100.00%3100.00%


Total125100.00%3100.00%



/* Find the lowest pfn for a node */



static unsigned long __init find_min_pfn_for_node(int nid)
{
	unsigned long min_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
	unsigned long start_pfn;
	int i;

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &start_pfn, NULL, NULL)
		min_pfn = min(min_pfn, start_pfn);

	if (min_pfn == ULONG_MAX) {
		pr_warn("Could not find start_pfn for node %d\n", nid);
		return 0;
	}

	return min_pfn;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman4365.15%225.00%


Tejun Heo1421.21%112.50%


Christoph Lameter34.55%112.50%


Paul Jackson23.03%112.50%


Nikita Danilov23.03%112.50%


Adrian Bunk11.52%112.50%


Joe Perches11.52%112.50%


Total66100.00%8100.00%



/**
 * find_min_pfn_with_active_regions - Find the minimum PFN registered
 *
 * It returns the minimum PFN based on information provided via
 * memblock_set_node().
 */



unsigned long __init find_min_pfn_with_active_regions(void)
{
	return find_min_pfn_for_node(MAX_NUMNODES);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1280.00%133.33%


Nikita Danilov213.33%133.33%


Christoph Lameter16.67%133.33%


Total15100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * early_calculate_totalpages()
 * Sum pages in active regions for movable zone.
 * Populate N_MEMORY for calculating usable_nodes.
 */



static unsigned long __init early_calculate_totalpages(void)
{
	unsigned long totalpages = 0;
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	int i, nid;

	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, MAX_NUMNODES, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, &nid) {
		unsigned long pages = end_pfn - start_pfn;

		totalpages += pages;
		if (pages)
			node_set_state(nid, N_MEMORY);
	}
	return totalpages;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman2334.33%120.00%


Tejun Heo2232.84%120.00%


Lee Schermerhorn2029.85%120.00%


Lai Jiangshan11.49%120.00%


Adrian Bunk11.49%120.00%


Total67100.00%5100.00%



/*
 * Find the PFN the Movable zone begins in each node. Kernel memory
 * is spread evenly between nodes as long as the nodes have enough
 * memory. When they don't, some nodes will have more kernelcore than
 * others
 */



static void __init find_zone_movable_pfns_for_nodes(void)
{
	int i, nid;
	unsigned long usable_startpfn;
	unsigned long kernelcore_node, kernelcore_remaining;
	/* save the state before borrow the nodemask */
	nodemask_t saved_node_state = node_states[N_MEMORY];
	unsigned long totalpages = early_calculate_totalpages();
	int usable_nodes = nodes_weight(node_states[N_MEMORY]);
	struct memblock_region *r;

	/* Need to find movable_zone earlier when movable_node is specified. */
	find_usable_zone_for_movable();

	/*
         * If movable_node is specified, ignore kernelcore and movablecore
         * options.
         */
	if (movable_node_is_enabled()) {
		for_each_memblock(memory, r) {
			if (!memblock_is_hotpluggable(r))
				continue;

			nid = r->nid;

			usable_startpfn = PFN_DOWN(r->base);
			zone_movable_pfn[nid] = zone_movable_pfn[nid] ?
				min(usable_startpfn, zone_movable_pfn[nid]) :
				usable_startpfn;
		}

		goto out2;
	}

	/*
         * If kernelcore=mirror is specified, ignore movablecore option
         */
	if (mirrored_kernelcore) {
		bool mem_below_4gb_not_mirrored = false;

		for_each_memblock(memory, r) {
			if (memblock_is_mirror(r))
				continue;

			nid = r->nid;

			usable_startpfn = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(r);

			if (usable_startpfn < 0x100000) {
				mem_below_4gb_not_mirrored = true;
				continue;
			}

			zone_movable_pfn[nid] = zone_movable_pfn[nid] ?
				min(usable_startpfn, zone_movable_pfn[nid]) :
				usable_startpfn;
		}

		if (mem_below_4gb_not_mirrored)
			pr_warn("This configuration results in unmirrored kernel memory.");

		goto out2;
	}

	/*
         * If movablecore=nn[KMG] was specified, calculate what size of
         * kernelcore that corresponds so that memory usable for
         * any allocation type is evenly spread. If both kernelcore
         * and movablecore are specified, then the value of kernelcore
         * will be used for required_kernelcore if it's greater than
         * what movablecore would have allowed.
         */
	if (required_movablecore) {
		unsigned long corepages;

		/*
                 * Round-up so that ZONE_MOVABLE is at least as large as what
                 * was requested by the user
                 */
		required_movablecore =
			roundup(required_movablecore, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
		required_movablecore = min(totalpages, required_movablecore);
		corepages = totalpages - required_movablecore;

		required_kernelcore = max(required_kernelcore, corepages);
	}

	/*
         * If kernelcore was not specified or kernelcore size is larger
         * than totalpages, there is no ZONE_MOVABLE.
         */
	if (!required_kernelcore || required_kernelcore >= totalpages)
		goto out;

	/* usable_startpfn is the lowest possible pfn ZONE_MOVABLE can be at */
	usable_startpfn = arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[movable_zone];

restart:
	/* Spread kernelcore memory as evenly as possible throughout nodes */
	kernelcore_node = required_kernelcore / usable_nodes;
	for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) {
		unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;

		/*
                 * Recalculate kernelcore_node if the division per node
                 * now exceeds what is necessary to satisfy the requested
                 * amount of memory for the kernel
                 */
		if (required_kernelcore < kernelcore_node)
			kernelcore_node = required_kernelcore / usable_nodes;

		/*
                 * As the map is walked, we track how much memory is usable
                 * by the kernel using kernelcore_remaining. When it is
                 * 0, the rest of the node is usable by ZONE_MOVABLE
                 */
		kernelcore_remaining = kernelcore_node;

		/* Go through each range of PFNs within this node */
		for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, nid, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, NULL) {
			unsigned long size_pages;

			start_pfn = max(start_pfn, zone_movable_pfn[nid]);
			if (start_pfn >= end_pfn)
				continue;

			/* Account for what is only usable for kernelcore */
			if (start_pfn < usable_startpfn) {
				unsigned long kernel_pages;
				kernel_pages = min(end_pfn, usable_startpfn)
								- start_pfn;

				kernelcore_remaining -= min(kernel_pages,
							kernelcore_remaining);
				required_kernelcore -= min(kernel_pages,
							required_kernelcore);

				/* Continue if range is now fully accounted */
				if (end_pfn <= usable_startpfn) {

					/*
                                         * Push zone_movable_pfn to the end so
                                         * that if we have to rebalance
                                         * kernelcore across nodes, we will
                                         * not double account here
                                         */
					zone_movable_pfn[nid] = end_pfn;
					continue;
				}
				start_pfn = usable_startpfn;
			}

			/*
                         * The usable PFN range for ZONE_MOVABLE is from
                         * start_pfn->end_pfn. Calculate size_pages as the
                         * number of pages used as kernelcore
                         */
			size_pages = end_pfn - start_pfn;
			if (size_pages > kernelcore_remaining)
				size_pages = kernelcore_remaining;
			zone_movable_pfn[nid] = start_pfn + size_pages;

			/*
                         * Some kernelcore has been met, update counts and
                         * break if the kernelcore for this node has been
                         * satisfied
                         */
			required_kernelcore -= min(required_kernelcore,
								size_pages);
			kernelcore_remaining -= size_pages;
			if (!kernelcore_remaining)
				break;
		}
	}

	/*
         * If there is still required_kernelcore, we do another pass with one
         * less node in the count. This will push zone_movable_pfn[nid] further
         * along on the nodes that still have memory until kernelcore is
         * satisfied
         */
	usable_nodes--;
	if (usable_nodes && required_kernelcore > usable_nodes)
		goto restart;

out2:
	/* Align start of ZONE_MOVABLE on all nids to MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES */
	for (nid = 0; nid < MAX_NUMNODES; nid++)
		zone_movable_pfn[nid] =
			roundup(zone_movable_pfn[nid], MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);

out:
	/* restore the node_state */
	node_states[N_MEMORY] = saved_node_state;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman28454.20%316.67%


Taku Izumi8816.79%15.56%


Tang Chen6612.60%15.56%


Yinghai Lu203.82%211.11%


Lee Schermerhorn152.86%15.56%


Xishi Qiu142.67%211.11%


Tejun Heo132.48%15.56%


Emil Medve112.10%15.56%


Andrew Morton40.76%15.56%


Lai Jiangshan40.76%15.56%


Pintu Kumar20.38%15.56%


Christoph Lameter10.19%15.56%


Kautuk Consul10.19%15.56%


Adrian Bunk10.19%15.56%


Total524100.00%18100.00%



/* Any regular or high memory on that node ? */



static void check_for_memory(pg_data_t *pgdat, int nid)
{
	enum zone_type zone_type;

	if (N_MEMORY == N_NORMAL_MEMORY)
		return;

	for (zone_type = 0; zone_type <= ZONE_MOVABLE - 1; zone_type++) {
		struct zone *zone = &pgdat->node_zones[zone_type];
		if (populated_zone(zone)) {
			node_set_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY);
			if (N_NORMAL_MEMORY != N_HIGH_MEMORY &&
			    zone_type <= ZONE_NORMAL)
				node_set_state(nid, N_NORMAL_MEMORY);
			break;
		}
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Lee Schermerhorn5157.95%125.00%


Lai Jiangshan3135.23%125.00%


Bob Liu33.41%125.00%


Xishi Qiu33.41%125.00%


Total88100.00%4100.00%



/**
 * free_area_init_nodes - Initialise all pg_data_t and zone data
 * @max_zone_pfn: an array of max PFNs for each zone
 *
 * This will call free_area_init_node() for each active node in the system.
 * Using the page ranges provided by memblock_set_node(), the size of each
 * zone in each node and their holes is calculated. If the maximum PFN
 * between two adjacent zones match, it is assumed that the zone is empty.
 * For example, if arch_max_dma_pfn == arch_max_dma32_pfn, it is assumed
 * that arch_max_dma32_pfn has no pages. It is also assumed that a zone
 * starts where the previous one ended. For example, ZONE_DMA32 starts
 * at arch_max_dma_pfn.
 */



void __init free_area_init_nodes(unsigned long *max_zone_pfn)
{
	unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
	int i, nid;

	/* Record where the zone boundaries are */
	memset(arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn, 0,
				sizeof(arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn));
	memset(arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn, 0,
				sizeof(arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn));

	start_pfn = find_min_pfn_with_active_regions();

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		if (i == ZONE_MOVABLE)
			continue;

		end_pfn = max(max_zone_pfn[i], start_pfn);
		arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[i] = start_pfn;
		arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[i] = end_pfn;

		start_pfn = end_pfn;
	}

	/* Find the PFNs that ZONE_MOVABLE begins at in each node */
	memset(zone_movable_pfn, 0, sizeof(zone_movable_pfn));
	find_zone_movable_pfns_for_nodes();

	/* Print out the zone ranges */
	pr_info("Zone ranges:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		if (i == ZONE_MOVABLE)
			continue;
		pr_info("  %-8s ", zone_names[i]);
		if (arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[i] ==
				arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[i])
			pr_cont("empty\n");
		else
			pr_cont("[mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx]\n",
				(u64)arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[i]
					<< PAGE_SHIFT,
				((u64)arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[i]
					<< PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
	}

	/* Print out the PFNs ZONE_MOVABLE begins at in each node */
	pr_info("Movable zone start for each node\n");
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; i++) {
		if (zone_movable_pfn[i])
			pr_info("  Node %d: %#018Lx\n", i,
			       (u64)zone_movable_pfn[i] << PAGE_SHIFT);
	}

	/* Print out the early node map */
	pr_info("Early memory node ranges\n");
	for_each_mem_pfn_range(i, MAX_NUMNODES, &start_pfn, &end_pfn, &nid)
		pr_info("  node %3d: [mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx]\n", nid,
			(u64)start_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
			((u64)end_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);

	/* Initialise every node */
	mminit_verify_pageflags_layout();
	setup_nr_node_ids();
	for_each_online_node(nid) {
		pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
		free_area_init_node(nid, NULL,
				find_min_pfn_for_node(nid), NULL);

		/* Any memory on that node */
		if (pgdat->node_present_pages)
			node_set_state(nid, N_MEMORY);
		check_for_memory(pgdat, nid);
	}
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman18954.00%317.65%


Björn Helgaas216.00%15.88%


David Rientjes216.00%15.88%


Oliver O'Halloran195.43%15.88%


Andrew Morton185.14%211.76%


Juergen Gross185.14%15.88%


Lee Schermerhorn174.86%15.88%


Tejun Heo174.86%15.88%


Christoph Lameter164.57%211.76%


Anton Blanchard82.29%15.88%


Lai Jiangshan41.14%15.88%


Wanpeng Li10.29%15.88%


Kautuk Consul10.29%15.88%


Total350100.00%17100.00%






static int __init cmdline_parse_core(char *p, unsigned long *core)
{
	unsigned long long coremem;
	if (!p)
		return -EINVAL;

	coremem = memparse(p, &p);
	*core = coremem >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	/* Paranoid check that UL is enough for the coremem value */
	WARN_ON((coremem >> PAGE_SHIFT) > ULONG_MAX);

	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman62100.00%3100.00%


Total62100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * kernelcore=size sets the amount of memory for use for allocations that
 * cannot be reclaimed or migrated.
 */



static int __init cmdline_parse_kernelcore(char *p)
{
	/* parse kernelcore=mirror */
	if (parse_option_str(p, "mirror")) {
		mirrored_kernelcore = true;
		return 0;
	}

	return cmdline_parse_core(p, &required_kernelcore);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman2051.28%150.00%


Taku Izumi1948.72%150.00%


Total39100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * movablecore=size sets the amount of memory for use for allocations that
 * can be reclaimed or migrated.
 */



static int __init cmdline_parse_movablecore(char *p)
{
	return cmdline_parse_core(p, &required_movablecore);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman20100.00%1100.00%


Total20100.00%1100.00%



early_param("kernelcore", cmdline_parse_kernelcore);
early_param("movablecore", cmdline_parse_movablecore);

#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */




void adjust_managed_page_count(struct page *page, long count)
{
	spin_lock(&managed_page_count_lock);
	page_zone(page)->managed_pages += count;
	totalram_pages += count;
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	if (PageHighMem(page))
		totalhigh_pages += count;
#endif
	spin_unlock(&managed_page_count_lock);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Jiang Liu54100.00%2100.00%


Total54100.00%2100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(adjust_managed_page_count);




unsigned long free_reserved_area(void *start, void *end, int poison, char *s)
{
	void *pos;
	unsigned long pages = 0;

	start = (void *)PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long)start);
	end = (void *)((unsigned long)end & PAGE_MASK);
	for (pos = start; pos < end; pos += PAGE_SIZE, pages++) {
		if ((unsigned int)poison <= 0xFF)
			memset(pos, poison, PAGE_SIZE);
		free_reserved_page(virt_to_page(pos));
	}

	if (pages && s)
		pr_info("Freeing %s memory: %ldK\n",
			s, pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));

	return pages;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Jiang Liu13199.24%375.00%


Josh Poimboeuf10.76%125.00%


Total132100.00%4100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_reserved_area);

#ifdef	CONFIG_HIGHMEM



void free_highmem_page(struct page *page)
{
	__free_reserved_page(page);
	totalram_pages++;
	page_zone(page)->managed_pages++;
	totalhigh_pages++;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Jiang Liu29100.00%2100.00%


Total29100.00%2100.00%



#endif





void __init mem_init_print_info(const char *str)
{
	unsigned long physpages, codesize, datasize, rosize, bss_size;
	unsigned long init_code_size, init_data_size;

	physpages = get_num_physpages();
	codesize = _etext - _stext;
	datasize = _edata - _sdata;
	rosize = __end_rodata - __start_rodata;
	bss_size = __bss_stop - __bss_start;
	init_data_size = __init_end - __init_begin;
	init_code_size = _einittext - _sinittext;

	/*
         * Detect special cases and adjust section sizes accordingly:
         * 1) .init.* may be embedded into .data sections
         * 2) .init.text.* may be out of [__init_begin, __init_end],
         *    please refer to arch/tile/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S.
         * 3) .rodata.* may be embedded into .text or .data sections.
         */

#define adj_init_size(start, end, size, pos, adj) \
	do { \
                if (start <= pos && pos < end && size > adj) \
                        size -= adj; \
        } while (0)

	adj_init_size(__init_begin, __init_end, init_data_size,
		     _sinittext, init_code_size);
	adj_init_size(_stext, _etext, codesize, _sinittext, init_code_size);
	adj_init_size(_sdata, _edata, datasize, __init_begin, init_data_size);
	adj_init_size(_stext, _etext, codesize, __start_rodata, rosize);
	adj_init_size(_sdata, _edata, datasize, __start_rodata, rosize);


#undef	adj_init_size

	pr_info("Memory: %luK/%luK available (%luK kernel code, %luK rwdata, %luK rodata, %luK init, %luK bss, %luK reserved, %luK cma-reserved"
#ifdef	CONFIG_HIGHMEM
		", %luK highmem"
#endif
		"%s%s)\n",
		nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
		physpages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
		codesize >> 10, datasize >> 10, rosize >> 10,
		(init_data_size + init_code_size) >> 10, bss_size >> 10,
		(physpages - totalram_pages - totalcma_pages) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
		totalcma_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
#ifdef	CONFIG_HIGHMEM
		totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
#endif
		str ? ", " : "", str ? str : "");
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Jiang Liu24294.90%120.00%


Pintu Kumar114.31%240.00%


Joe Perches10.39%120.00%


Anton Blanchard10.39%120.00%


Total255100.00%5100.00%



/**
 * set_dma_reserve - set the specified number of pages reserved in the first zone
 * @new_dma_reserve: The number of pages to mark reserved
 *
 * The per-cpu batchsize and zone watermarks are determined by managed_pages.
 * In the DMA zone, a significant percentage may be consumed by kernel image
 * and other unfreeable allocations which can skew the watermarks badly. This
 * function may optionally be used to account for unfreeable pages in the
 * first zone (e.g., ZONE_DMA). The effect will be lower watermarks and
 * smaller per-cpu batchsize.
 */



void __init set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve)
{
	dma_reserve = new_dma_reserve;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman14100.00%1100.00%


Total14100.00%1100.00%






void __init free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size)
{
	free_area_init_node(0, zones_size,
			__pa(PAGE_OFFSET) >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter27100.00%1100.00%


Total27100.00%1100.00%






static int page_alloc_cpu_dead(unsigned int cpu)
{

	lru_add_drain_cpu(cpu);
	drain_pages(cpu);

	/*
         * Spill the event counters of the dead processor
         * into the current processors event counters.
         * This artificially elevates the count of the current
         * processor.
         */
	vm_events_fold_cpu(cpu);

	/*
         * Zero the differential counters of the dead processor
         * so that the vm statistics are consistent.
         *
         * This is only okay since the processor is dead and cannot
         * race with what we are doing.
         */
	cpu_vm_stats_fold(cpu);
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Rusty Russell1440.00%112.50%


Christoph Lameter720.00%450.00%


Sebastian Andrzej Siewior514.29%112.50%


Konstantin Khlebnikov514.29%112.50%


Alex Williamson411.43%112.50%


Total35100.00%8100.00%






void __init page_alloc_init(void)
{
	int ret;

	ret = cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_PAGE_ALLOC_DEAD,
					"mm/page_alloc:dead", NULL,
					page_alloc_cpu_dead);
	WARN_ON(ret < 0);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior1858.06%133.33%


Rusty Russell722.58%133.33%


Andrew Morton619.35%133.33%


Total31100.00%3100.00%



/*
 * calculate_totalreserve_pages - called when sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio
 *      or min_free_kbytes changes.
 */



static void calculate_totalreserve_pages(void)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat;
	unsigned long reserve_pages = 0;
	enum zone_type i, j;

	for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {

		pgdat->totalreserve_pages = 0;

		for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
			struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + i;
			long max = 0;

			/* Find valid and maximum lowmem_reserve in the zone */
			for (j = i; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
				if (zone->lowmem_reserve[j] > max)
					max = zone->lowmem_reserve[j];
			}

			/* we treat the high watermark as reserved pages. */
			max += high_wmark_pages(zone);

			if (max > zone->managed_pages)
				max = zone->managed_pages;

			pgdat->totalreserve_pages += max;

			reserve_pages += max;
		}
	}
	totalreserve_pages = reserve_pages;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Hideo Aoki11481.43%114.29%


Mel Gorman128.57%228.57%


Johannes Weiner107.14%228.57%


Jiang Liu21.43%114.29%


Christoph Lameter21.43%114.29%


Total140100.00%7100.00%



/*
 * setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve - called whenever
 *      sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio changes.  Ensures that each zone
 *      has a correct pages reserved value, so an adequate number of
 *      pages are left in the zone after a successful __alloc_pages().
 */



static void setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve(void)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat;
	enum zone_type j, idx;

	for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
		for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
			struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + j;
			unsigned long managed_pages = zone->managed_pages;

			zone->lowmem_reserve[j] = 0;

			idx = j;
			while (idx) {
				struct zone *lower_zone;

				idx--;

				if (sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx] < 1)
					sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx] = 1;

				lower_zone = pgdat->node_zones + idx;
				lower_zone->lowmem_reserve[j] = managed_pages /
					sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx];
				managed_pages += lower_zone->managed_pages;
			}
		}
	}

	/* update totalreserve_pages */
	calculate_totalreserve_pages();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton6750.00%228.57%


Andrea Arcangeli4835.82%114.29%


Christoph Lameter96.72%114.29%


Jiang Liu53.73%114.29%


Hideo Aoki42.99%114.29%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki10.75%114.29%


Total134100.00%7100.00%






static void __setup_per_zone_wmarks(void)
{
	unsigned long pages_min = min_free_kbytes >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
	unsigned long lowmem_pages = 0;
	struct zone *zone;
	unsigned long flags;

	/* Calculate total number of !ZONE_HIGHMEM pages */
	for_each_zone(zone) {
		if (!is_highmem(zone))
			lowmem_pages += zone->managed_pages;
	}

	for_each_zone(zone) {
		u64 tmp;

		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		tmp = (u64)pages_min * zone->managed_pages;
		do_div(tmp, lowmem_pages);
		if (is_highmem(zone)) {
			/*
                         * __GFP_HIGH and PF_MEMALLOC allocations usually don't
                         * need highmem pages, so cap pages_min to a small
                         * value here.
                         *
                         * The WMARK_HIGH-WMARK_LOW and (WMARK_LOW-WMARK_MIN)
                         * deltas control asynch page reclaim, and so should
                         * not be capped for highmem.
                         */
			unsigned long min_pages;

			min_pages = zone->managed_pages / 1024;
			min_pages = clamp(min_pages, SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX, 128UL);
			zone->watermark[WMARK_MIN] = min_pages;
		} else {
			/*
                         * If it's a lowmem zone, reserve a number of pages
                         * proportionate to the zone's size.
                         */
			zone->watermark[WMARK_MIN] = tmp;
		}

		/*
                 * Set the kswapd watermarks distance according to the
                 * scale factor in proportion to available memory, but
                 * ensure a minimum size on small systems.
                 */
		tmp = max_t(u64, tmp >> 2,
			    mult_frac(zone->managed_pages,
				      watermark_scale_factor, 10000));

		zone->watermark[WMARK_LOW]  = min_wmark_pages(zone) + tmp;
		zone->watermark[WMARK_HIGH] = min_wmark_pages(zone) + tmp * 2;

		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
	}

	/* update totalreserve_pages */
	calculate_totalreserve_pages();
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton13964.65%433.33%


Johannes Weiner2511.63%18.33%


Mel Gorman2411.16%216.67%


Nicholas Piggin177.91%18.33%


Hideo Aoki41.86%18.33%


Jiang Liu31.40%18.33%


Gerald Schaefer20.93%18.33%


Yaowei Bai10.47%18.33%


Total215100.00%12100.00%



/**
 * setup_per_zone_wmarks - called when min_free_kbytes changes
 * or when memory is hot-{added|removed}
 *
 * Ensures that the watermark[min,low,high] values for each zone are set
 * correctly with respect to min_free_kbytes.
 */



void setup_per_zone_wmarks(void)
{
	mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
	__setup_per_zone_wmarks();
	mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman22100.00%1100.00%


Total22100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * Initialise min_free_kbytes.
 *
 * For small machines we want it small (128k min).  For large machines
 * we want it large (64MB max).  But it is not linear, because network
 * bandwidth does not increase linearly with machine size.  We use
 *
 *      min_free_kbytes = 4 * sqrt(lowmem_kbytes), for better accuracy:
 *      min_free_kbytes = sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16)
 *
 * which yields
 *
 * 16MB:        512k
 * 32MB:        724k
 * 64MB:        1024k
 * 128MB:       1448k
 * 256MB:       2048k
 * 512MB:       2896k
 * 1024MB:      4096k
 * 2048MB:      5792k
 * 4096MB:      8192k
 * 8192MB:      11584k
 * 16384MB:     16384k
 */



int __meminit init_per_zone_wmark_min(void)
{
	unsigned long lowmem_kbytes;
	int new_min_free_kbytes;

	lowmem_kbytes = nr_free_buffer_pages() * (PAGE_SIZE >> 10);
	new_min_free_kbytes = int_sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16);

	if (new_min_free_kbytes > user_min_free_kbytes) {
		min_free_kbytes = new_min_free_kbytes;
		if (min_free_kbytes < 128)
			min_free_kbytes = 128;
		if (min_free_kbytes > 65536)
			min_free_kbytes = 65536;
	} else {
		pr_warn("min_free_kbytes is not updated to %d because user defined value %d is preferred\n",
				new_min_free_kbytes, user_min_free_kbytes);
	}
	setup_per_zone_wmarks();
	refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
	setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	setup_min_unmapped_ratio();
	setup_min_slab_ratio();
#endif

	return 0;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton5150.00%220.00%


Michal Hocko2827.45%110.00%


JoonSoo Kim1110.78%110.00%


Motohiro Kosaki43.92%220.00%


Nicholas Piggin43.92%110.00%


MinChan Kim21.96%110.00%


Andrea Arcangeli10.98%110.00%


Rik Van Riel10.98%110.00%


Total102100.00%10100.00%




core_initcall(init_per_zone_wmark_min)

/*
 * min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around proc_dointvec() so
 *      that we can call two helper functions whenever min_free_kbytes
 *      changes.
 */


int min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
	void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
	int rc;

	rc = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	if (write) {
		user_min_free_kbytes = min_free_kbytes;
		setup_per_zone_wmarks();
	}
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton3552.24%222.22%


Han Pingtian1319.40%111.11%


Linus Torvalds68.96%111.11%


Michal Hocko68.96%111.11%


Mel Gorman45.97%111.11%


Joe Perches11.49%111.11%


Dave Jones11.49%111.11%


MinChan Kim11.49%111.11%


Total67100.00%9100.00%






int watermark_scale_factor_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
	void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
	int rc;

	rc = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	if (write)
		setup_per_zone_wmarks();

	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Johannes Weiner61100.00%1100.00%


Total61100.00%1100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA



static void setup_min_unmapped_ratio(void)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat;
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat)
		pgdat->min_unmapped_pages = 0;

	for_each_zone(zone)
		zone->zone_pgdat->min_unmapped_pages += (zone->managed_pages *
				sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio) / 100;
}



Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim47100.00%1100.00%


Total47100.00%1100.00%






int sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
	void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
	int rc;

	rc = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	setup_min_unmapped_ratio();

	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter4985.96%133.33%


JoonSoo Kim712.28%133.33%


Joe Perches11.75%133.33%


Total57100.00%3100.00%






static void setup_min_slab_ratio(void)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat;
	struct zone *zone;

	for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat)
		pgdat->min_slab_pages = 0;

	for_each_zone(zone)
		zone->zone_pgdat->min_slab_pages += (zone->managed_pages *
				sysctl_min_slab_ratio) / 100;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
JoonSoo Kim1940.43%125.00%


Christoph Lameter1531.91%125.00%


Mel Gorman1225.53%125.00%


Jiang Liu12.13%125.00%


Total47100.00%4100.00%






int sysctl_min_slab_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
	void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
	int rc;

	rc = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	setup_min_slab_ratio();

	return 0;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Lameter5494.74%133.33%


JoonSoo Kim23.51%133.33%


Joe Perches11.75%133.33%


Total57100.00%3100.00%



#endif

/*
 * lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around
 *      proc_dointvec() so that we can call setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve()
 *      whenever sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio changes.
 *
 * The reserve ratio obviously has absolutely no relation with the
 * minimum watermarks. The lowmem reserve ratio can only make sense
 * if in function of the boot time zone sizes.
 */



int lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
	void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
	proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
	setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton3680.00%240.00%


Linus Torvalds613.33%120.00%


Andrea Arcangeli24.44%120.00%


Joe Perches12.22%120.00%


Total45100.00%5100.00%



/*
 * percpu_pagelist_fraction - changes the pcp->high for each zone on each
 * cpu.  It is the fraction of total pages in each zone that a hot per cpu
 * pagelist can have before it gets flushed back to buddy allocator.
 */



int percpu_pagelist_fraction_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
	void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	int old_percpu_pagelist_fraction;
	int ret;

	mutex_lock(&pcp_batch_high_lock);
	old_percpu_pagelist_fraction = percpu_pagelist_fraction;

	ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
	if (!write || ret < 0)
		goto out;

	/* Sanity checking to avoid pcp imbalance */
	if (percpu_pagelist_fraction &&
	    percpu_pagelist_fraction < MIN_PERCPU_PAGELIST_FRACTION) {
		percpu_pagelist_fraction = old_percpu_pagelist_fraction;
		ret = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}

	/* No change? */
	if (percpu_pagelist_fraction == old_percpu_pagelist_fraction)
		goto out;

	for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
		unsigned int cpu;

		for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
			pageset_set_high_and_batch(zone,
					per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu));
	}
out:
	mutex_unlock(&pcp_batch_high_lock);
	return ret;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman8054.79%342.86%


Rohit Seth4027.40%114.29%


David Howells149.59%114.29%


David Rientjes117.53%114.29%


Joe Perches10.68%114.29%


Total146100.00%7100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA

int hashdist = HASHDIST_DEFAULT;




static int __init set_hashdist(char *str)
{
	if (!str)
		return 0;
	hashdist = simple_strtoul(str, &str, 0);
	return 1;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman3294.12%375.00%


Laura Abbott25.88%125.00%


Total34100.00%4100.00%



__setup("hashdist=", set_hashdist);
#endif

#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_RESERVED_KERNEL_PAGES
/*
 * Returns the number of pages that arch has reserved but
 * is not known to alloc_large_system_hash().
 */



static unsigned long __init arch_reserved_kernel_pages(void)
{
	return 0;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Srikar Dronamraju13100.00%1100.00%


Total13100.00%1100.00%



#endif

/*
 * allocate a large system hash table from bootmem
 * - it is assumed that the hash table must contain an exact power-of-2
 *   quantity of entries
 * - limit is the number of hash buckets, not the total allocation size
 */



void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
				     unsigned long bucketsize,
				     unsigned long numentries,
				     int scale,
				     int flags,
				     unsigned int *_hash_shift,
				     unsigned int *_hash_mask,
				     unsigned long low_limit,
				     unsigned long high_limit)
{
	unsigned long long max = high_limit;
	unsigned long log2qty, size;
	void *table = NULL;

	/* allow the kernel cmdline to have a say */
	if (!numentries) {
		/* round applicable memory size up to nearest megabyte */
		numentries = nr_kernel_pages;
		numentries -= arch_reserved_kernel_pages();

		/* It isn't necessary when PAGE_SIZE >= 1MB */
		if (PAGE_SHIFT < 20)
			numentries = round_up(numentries, (1<<20)/PAGE_SIZE);

		/* limit to 1 bucket per 2^scale bytes of low memory */
		if (scale > PAGE_SHIFT)
			numentries >>= (scale - PAGE_SHIFT);
		else
			numentries <<= (PAGE_SHIFT - scale);

		/* Make sure we've got at least a 0-order allocation.. */
		if (unlikely(flags & HASH_SMALL)) {
			/* Makes no sense without HASH_EARLY */
			WARN_ON(!(flags & HASH_EARLY));
			if (!(numentries >> *_hash_shift)) {
				numentries = 1UL << *_hash_shift;
				BUG_ON(!numentries);
			}
		} else if (unlikely((numentries * bucketsize) < PAGE_SIZE))
			numentries = PAGE_SIZE / bucketsize;
	}
	numentries = roundup_pow_of_two(numentries);

	/* limit allocation size to 1/16 total memory by default */
	if (max == 0) {
		max = ((unsigned long long)nr_all_pages << PAGE_SHIFT) >> 4;
		do_div(max, bucketsize);
	}
	max = min(max, 0x80000000ULL);

	if (numentries < low_limit)
		numentries = low_limit;
	if (numentries > max)
		numentries = max;

	log2qty = ilog2(numentries);

	do {
		size = bucketsize << log2qty;
		if (flags & HASH_EARLY)
			table = memblock_virt_alloc_nopanic(size, 0);
		else if (hashdist)
			table = __vmalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC, PAGE_KERNEL);
		else {
			/*
                         * If bucketsize is not a power-of-two, we may free
                         * some pages at the end of hash table which
                         * alloc_pages_exact() automatically does
                         */
			if (get_order(size) < MAX_ORDER) {
				table = alloc_pages_exact(size, GFP_ATOMIC);
				kmemleak_alloc(table, size, 1, GFP_ATOMIC);
			}
		}
	} while (!table && size > PAGE_SIZE && --log2qty);

	if (!table)
		panic("Failed to allocate %s hash table\n", tablename);

	pr_info("%s hash table entries: %ld (order: %d, %lu bytes)\n",
		tablename, 1UL << log2qty, ilog2(size) - PAGE_SHIFT, size);

	if (_hash_shift)
		*_hash_shift = log2qty;
	if (_hash_mask)
		*_hash_mask = (1 << log2qty) - 1;

	return table;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman40697.60%555.56%


Srikar Dronamraju51.20%111.11%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki20.48%111.11%


Cody P Schafer20.48%111.11%


Sasha Levin10.24%111.11%


Total416100.00%9100.00%



/*
 * This function checks whether pageblock includes unmovable pages or not.
 * If @count is not zero, it is okay to include less @count unmovable pages
 *
 * PageLRU check without isolation or lru_lock could race so that
 * MIGRATE_MOVABLE block might include unmovable pages. And __PageMovable
 * check without lock_page also may miss some movable non-lru pages at
 * race condition. So you can't expect this function should be exact.
 */



bool has_unmovable_pages(struct zone *zone, struct page *page, int count,
			 bool skip_hwpoisoned_pages)
{
	unsigned long pfn, iter, found;
	int mt;

	/*
         * For avoiding noise data, lru_add_drain_all() should be called
         * If ZONE_MOVABLE, the zone never contains unmovable pages
         */
	if (zone_idx(zone) == ZONE_MOVABLE)
		return false;
	mt = get_pageblock_migratetype(page);
	if (mt == MIGRATE_MOVABLE || is_migrate_cma(mt))
		return false;

	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
	for (found = 0, iter = 0; iter < pageblock_nr_pages; iter++) {
		unsigned long check = pfn + iter;

		if (!pfn_valid_within(check))
			continue;

		page = pfn_to_page(check);

		/*
                 * Hugepages are not in LRU lists, but they're movable.
                 * We need not scan over tail pages bacause we don't
                 * handle each tail page individually in migration.
                 */
		if (PageHuge(page)) {
			iter = round_up(iter + 1, 1<<compound_order(page)) - 1;
			continue;
		}

		/*
                 * We can't use page_count without pin a page
                 * because another CPU can free compound page.
                 * This check already skips compound tails of THP
                 * because their page->_refcount is zero at all time.
                 */
		if (!page_ref_count(page)) {
			if (PageBuddy(page))
				iter += (1 << page_order(page)) - 1;
			continue;
		}

		/*
                 * The HWPoisoned page may be not in buddy system, and
                 * page_count() is not 0.
                 */
		if (skip_hwpoisoned_pages && PageHWPoison(page))
			continue;

		if (__PageMovable(page))
			continue;

		if (!PageLRU(page))
			found++;
		/*
                 * If there are RECLAIMABLE pages, we need to check
                 * it.  But now, memory offline itself doesn't call
                 * shrink_node_slabs() and it still to be fixed.
                 */
		/*
                 * If the page is not RAM, page_count()should be 0.
                 * we don't need more check. This is an _used_ not-movable page.
                 *
                 * The problematic thing here is PG_reserved pages. PG_reserved
                 * is set to both of a memory hole page and a _used_ kernel
                 * page at boot.
                 */
		if (found > count)
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki14666.06%110.00%


Naoya Horiguchi2913.12%110.00%


Wen Congyang146.33%110.00%


Michal Nazarewicz146.33%110.00%


Yisheng Xie83.62%110.00%


MinChan Kim73.17%220.00%


JoonSoo Kim20.90%220.00%


Johannes Weiner10.45%110.00%


Total221100.00%10100.00%






bool is_pageblock_removable_nolock(struct page *page)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	unsigned long pfn;

	/*
         * We have to be careful here because we are iterating over memory
         * sections which are not zone aware so we might end up outside of
         * the zone but still within the section.
         * We have to take care about the node as well. If the node is offline
         * its NODE_DATA will be NULL - see page_zone.
         */
	if (!node_online(page_to_nid(page)))
		return false;

	zone = page_zone(page);
	pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
	if (!zone_spans_pfn(zone, pfn))
		return false;

	return !has_unmovable_pages(zone, page, 0, true);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Hocko3851.35%225.00%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki2736.49%225.00%


Cody P Schafer56.76%112.50%


MinChan Kim22.70%225.00%


Wen Congyang22.70%112.50%


Total74100.00%8100.00%



#if (defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION) && defined(CONFIG_COMPACTION)) || defined(CONFIG_CMA)




static unsigned long pfn_max_align_down(unsigned long pfn)
{
	return pfn & ~(max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES,
			     pageblock_nr_pages) - 1);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Nazarewicz28100.00%1100.00%


Total28100.00%1100.00%






static unsigned long pfn_max_align_up(unsigned long pfn)
{
	return ALIGN(pfn, max_t(unsigned long, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES,
				pageblock_nr_pages));
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Nazarewicz26100.00%1100.00%


Total26100.00%1100.00%



/* [start, end) must belong to a single zone. */



static int __alloc_contig_migrate_range(struct compact_control *cc,
					unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
	/* This function is based on compact_zone() from compaction.c. */
	unsigned long nr_reclaimed;
	unsigned long pfn = start;
	unsigned int tries = 0;
	int ret = 0;

	migrate_prep();

	while (pfn < end || !list_empty(&cc->migratepages)) {
		if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
			ret = -EINTR;
			break;
		}

		if (list_empty(&cc->migratepages)) {
			cc->nr_migratepages = 0;
			pfn = isolate_migratepages_range(cc, pfn, end);
			if (!pfn) {
				ret = -EINTR;
				break;
			}
			tries = 0;
		} else if (++tries == 5) {
			ret = ret < 0 ? ret : -EBUSY;
			break;
		}

		nr_reclaimed = reclaim_clean_pages_from_list(cc->zone,
							&cc->migratepages);
		cc->nr_migratepages -= nr_reclaimed;

		ret = migrate_pages(&cc->migratepages, alloc_migrate_target,
				    NULL, 0, cc->mode, MR_CMA);
	}
	if (ret < 0) {
		putback_movable_pages(&cc->migratepages);
		return ret;
	}
	return 0;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Nazarewicz15474.04%19.09%


MinChan Kim2311.06%327.27%


Mel Gorman146.73%218.18%


Srinivas Pandruvada104.81%19.09%


David Rientjes52.40%218.18%


Rafael Aquini10.48%19.09%


Marek Szyprowski10.48%19.09%


Total208100.00%11100.00%



/**
 * alloc_contig_range() -- tries to allocate given range of pages
 * @start:      start PFN to allocate
 * @end:        one-past-the-last PFN to allocate
 * @migratetype:        migratetype of the underlaying pageblocks (either
 *                      #MIGRATE_MOVABLE or #MIGRATE_CMA).  All pageblocks
 *                      in range must have the same migratetype and it must
 *                      be either of the two.
 * @gfp_mask:   GFP mask to use during compaction
 *
 * The PFN range does not have to be pageblock or MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
 * aligned, however it's the caller's responsibility to guarantee that
 * we are the only thread that changes migrate type of pageblocks the
 * pages fall in.
 *
 * The PFN range must belong to a single zone.
 *
 * Returns zero on success or negative error code.  On success all
 * pages which PFN is in [start, end) are allocated for the caller and
 * need to be freed with free_contig_range().
 */



int alloc_contig_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
		       unsigned migratetype, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	unsigned long outer_start, outer_end;
	unsigned int order;
	int ret = 0;

	struct compact_control cc = {
		.nr_migratepages = 0,
		.order = -1,
		.zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start)),
		.mode = MIGRATE_SYNC,
		.ignore_skip_hint = true,
		.gfp_mask = memalloc_noio_flags(gfp_mask),
        };
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cc.migratepages);

	/*
         * What we do here is we mark all pageblocks in range as
         * MIGRATE_ISOLATE.  Because pageblock and max order pages may
         * have different sizes, and due to the way page allocator
         * work, we align the range to biggest of the two pages so
         * that page allocator won't try to merge buddies from
         * different pageblocks and change MIGRATE_ISOLATE to some
         * other migration type.
         *
         * Once the pageblocks are marked as MIGRATE_ISOLATE, we
         * migrate the pages from an unaligned range (ie. pages that
         * we are interested in).  This will put all the pages in
         * range back to page allocator as MIGRATE_ISOLATE.
         *
         * When this is done, we take the pages in range from page
         * allocator removing them from the buddy system.  This way
         * page allocator will never consider using them.
         *
         * This lets us mark the pageblocks back as
         * MIGRATE_CMA/MIGRATE_MOVABLE so that free pages in the
         * aligned range but not in the unaligned, original range are
         * put back to page allocator so that buddy can use them.
         */

	ret = start_isolate_page_range(pfn_max_align_down(start),
				       pfn_max_align_up(end), migratetype,
				       false);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/*
         * In case of -EBUSY, we'd like to know which page causes problem.
         * So, just fall through. We will check it in test_pages_isolated().
         */
	ret = __alloc_contig_migrate_range(&cc, start, end);
	if (ret && ret != -EBUSY)
		goto done;

	/*
         * Pages from [start, end) are within a MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
         * aligned blocks that are marked as MIGRATE_ISOLATE.  What's
         * more, all pages in [start, end) are free in page allocator.
         * What we are going to do is to allocate all pages from
         * [start, end) (that is remove them from page allocator).
         *
         * The only problem is that pages at the beginning and at the
         * end of interesting range may be not aligned with pages that
         * page allocator holds, ie. they can be part of higher order
         * pages.  Because of this, we reserve the bigger range and
         * once this is done free the pages we are not interested in.
         *
         * We don't have to hold zone->lock here because the pages are
         * isolated thus they won't get removed from buddy.
         */

	lru_add_drain_all();
	drain_all_pages(cc.zone);

	order = 0;
	outer_start = start;
	while (!PageBuddy(pfn_to_page(outer_start))) {
		if (++order >= MAX_ORDER) {
			outer_start = start;
			break;
		}
		outer_start &= ~0UL << order;
	}

	if (outer_start != start) {
		order = page_order(pfn_to_page(outer_start));

		/*
                 * outer_start page could be small order buddy page and
                 * it doesn't include start page. Adjust outer_start
                 * in this case to report failed page properly
                 * on tracepoint in test_pages_isolated()
                 */
		if (outer_start + (1UL << order) <= start)
			outer_start = start;
	}

	/* Make sure the range is really isolated. */
	if (test_pages_isolated(outer_start, end, false)) {
		pr_info("%s: [%lx, %lx) PFNs busy\n",
			__func__, outer_start, end);
		ret = -EBUSY;
		goto done;
	}

	/* Grab isolated pages from freelists. */
	outer_end = isolate_freepages_range(&cc, outer_start, end);
	if (!outer_end) {
		ret = -EBUSY;
		goto done;
	}

	/* Free head and tail (if any) */
	if (start != outer_start)
		free_contig_range(outer_start, start - outer_start);
	if (end != outer_end)
		free_contig_range(end, outer_end - end);

done:
	undo_isolate_page_range(pfn_max_align_down(start),
				pfn_max_align_up(end), migratetype);
	return ret;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Michal Nazarewicz21663.53%321.43%


Mel Gorman5014.71%17.14%


JoonSoo Kim4412.94%17.14%


Lucas Stach113.24%214.29%


Vlastimil Babka51.47%214.29%


Kirill A. Shutemov41.18%17.14%


Wen Congyang41.18%17.14%


Bob Liu30.88%17.14%


David Rientjes20.59%17.14%


Marek Szyprowski10.29%17.14%


Total340100.00%14100.00%






void free_contig_range(unsigned long pfn, unsigned nr_pages)
{
	unsigned int count = 0;

	for (; nr_pages--; pfn++) {
		struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

		count += page_count(page) != 1;
		__free_page(page);
	}
	WARN(count != 0, "%d pages are still in use!\n", count);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Marek Szyprowski3859.38%133.33%


Michal Nazarewicz2539.06%133.33%


Jiang Liu11.56%133.33%


Total64100.00%3100.00%



#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
/*
 * The zone indicated has a new number of managed_pages; batch sizes and percpu
 * page high values need to be recalulated.
 */



void __meminit zone_pcp_update(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned cpu;
	mutex_lock(&pcp_batch_high_lock);
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
		pageset_set_high_and_batch(zone,
				per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu));
	mutex_unlock(&pcp_batch_high_lock);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Cody P Schafer2556.82%360.00%


Jiang Liu1840.91%120.00%


Michal Nazarewicz12.27%120.00%


Total44100.00%5100.00%



#endif




void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	int cpu;
	struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

	/* avoid races with drain_pages()  */
	local_irq_save(flags);
	if (zone->pageset != &boot_pageset) {
		for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
			pset = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);
			drain_zonestat(zone, pset);
		}
		free_percpu(zone->pageset);
		zone->pageset = &boot_pageset;
	}
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Jiang Liu5060.98%150.00%


MinChan Kim3239.02%150.00%


Total82100.00%2100.00%



#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
/*
 * All pages in the range must be in a single zone and isolated
 * before calling this.
 */


void

__offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
	struct page *page;
	struct zone *zone;
	unsigned int order, i;
	unsigned long pfn;
	unsigned long flags;
	/* find the first valid pfn */
	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++)
		if (pfn_valid(pfn))
			break;
	if (pfn == end_pfn)
		return;
	zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));
	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
	pfn = start_pfn;
	while (pfn < end_pfn) {
		if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) {
			pfn++;
			continue;
		}
		page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
		/*
                 * The HWPoisoned page may be not in buddy system, and
                 * page_count() is not 0.
                 */
		if (unlikely(!PageBuddy(page) && PageHWPoison(page))) {
			pfn++;
			SetPageReserved(page);
			continue;
		}

		BUG_ON(page_count(page));
		BUG_ON(!PageBuddy(page));
		order = page_order(page);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
		pr_info("remove from free list %lx %d %lx\n",
			pfn, 1 << order, end_pfn);
#endif
		list_del(&page->lru);
		rmv_page_order(page);
		zone->free_area[order].nr_free--;
		for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
			SetPageReserved((page+i));
		pfn += (1 << order);
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki22688.28%125.00%


Wen Congyang2810.94%125.00%


Joe Perches10.39%125.00%


Mel Gorman10.39%125.00%


Total256100.00%4100.00%



#endif




bool is_free_buddy_page(struct page *page)
{
	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
	unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
	unsigned long flags;
	unsigned int order;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
	for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
		struct page *page_head = page - (pfn & ((1 << order) - 1));

		if (PageBuddy(page_head) && page_order(page_head) >= order)
			break;
	}
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);

	return order < MAX_ORDER;
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Fengguang Wu11299.12%150.00%


Mel Gorman10.88%150.00%


Total113100.00%2100.00%




Overall Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Mel Gorman1026537.34%16518.81%


Christoph Lameter16946.16%495.59%


Kamezawa Hiroyuki11784.28%101.14%


Andrew Morton10573.84%616.96%


JoonSoo Kim10253.73%252.85%


Vlastimil Babka9923.61%434.90%


Michal Hocko9823.57%323.65%


Jiang Liu7602.76%161.82%


Michal Nazarewicz6312.30%80.91%


Alexander Duyck4251.55%40.46%


Taku Izumi4151.51%20.23%


Nicholas Piggin3961.44%232.62%


Dave Hansen3621.32%121.37%


Linus Torvalds (pre-git)3361.22%252.85%


Tejun Heo3211.17%60.68%


Cody P Schafer3071.12%131.48%


Akinobu Mita3051.11%50.57%


David Rientjes2931.07%212.39%


Johannes Weiner2871.04%151.71%


MinChan Kim2300.84%182.05%


Lee Schermerhorn2120.77%40.46%


Rabin Vincent2010.73%10.11%


Fengguang Wu1910.69%30.34%


Yinghai Lu1740.63%121.37%


Igor Redko1480.54%10.11%


Andi Kleen1450.53%30.34%


Xishi Qiu1430.52%91.03%


Motohiro Kosaki1360.49%111.25%


Timur Tabi1320.48%10.11%


Marek Szyprowski1280.47%60.68%


Hideo Aoki1250.45%10.11%


Konstantin Khlebnikov1200.44%50.57%


Kirill A. Shutemov1190.43%121.37%


Robin Holt1170.43%10.11%


Rohit Seth1160.42%20.23%


Andrea Arcangeli1160.42%40.46%


Rafael J. Wysocki1140.41%50.57%


Pavel Machek1040.38%30.34%


David Howells1000.36%50.57%


Zhang Yanfei910.33%40.46%


Hugh Dickins880.32%91.03%


Linus Torvalds860.31%161.82%


Srivatsa S. Bhat800.29%10.11%


Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz780.28%40.46%


Rusty Russell780.28%70.80%


Gilad Ben-Yossef740.27%10.11%


Laura Abbott720.26%30.34%


Stanislaw Gruszka710.26%10.11%


Tang Chen670.24%20.23%


Vladimir Davydov670.24%40.46%


Lai Jiangshan620.23%20.23%


Naoya Horiguchi580.21%30.34%


Gu Zheng580.21%10.11%


Peter Zijlstra570.21%10.11%


Corrado Zoccolo550.20%10.11%


Wen Congyang510.19%20.23%


Nathan Zimmer510.19%10.11%


Nicolai Stange500.18%10.11%


Dan J Williams460.17%20.23%


Andy Whitcroft450.16%50.57%


Vegard Nossum400.15%10.11%


Miklos Szeredi370.13%10.11%


Joe Perches360.13%50.57%


Haicheng Li350.13%20.23%


Chen Gang S350.13%20.23%


Tony Luck330.12%20.23%


Nikita Danilov310.11%10.11%


Geliang Tang290.11%20.23%


Li Zhang280.10%10.11%


Volodymyr G. Lukiianyk250.09%10.11%


Russ Anderson250.09%20.23%


Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo240.09%10.11%


Srikar Dronamraju240.09%10.11%


Juergen Gross240.09%10.11%


Sebastian Andrzej Siewior230.08%10.11%


Yasunori Goto230.08%50.57%


Rasmus Villemoes230.08%10.11%


Martin Hicks210.08%30.34%


Pintu Kumar210.08%20.23%


Björn Helgaas210.08%10.11%


Namhyung Kim200.07%20.23%


Anisse Astier200.07%10.11%


Sasha Levin190.07%10.11%


Paul Burton190.07%10.11%


Paul Jackson190.07%50.57%


Luiz Fernando N. Capitulino190.07%10.11%


Oliver O'Halloran190.07%10.11%


Bo Liu170.06%10.11%


Yang Shi170.06%10.11%


Han Pingtian160.06%20.23%


Ard Biesheuvel160.06%10.11%


Rik Van Riel160.06%40.46%


Matthew Dobson150.05%20.23%


Emese Revfy140.05%20.23%


Rafael Aquini130.05%20.23%


Santosh Shilimkar130.05%10.11%


Roman Zippel130.05%20.23%


Lucas Stach120.04%20.23%


William Lee Irwin III120.04%30.34%


Anton Blanchard110.04%10.11%


Heiko Carstens110.04%10.11%


Oleg Nesterov110.04%10.11%


Emil Medve110.04%10.11%


Weijie Yang100.04%20.23%


Al Viro100.04%30.34%


Zhong Hongbo100.04%10.11%


Srinivas Pandruvada100.04%10.11%


Alexander Polakov100.04%10.11%


Yaowei Bai90.03%50.57%


Yisheng Xie90.03%10.11%


Larry Woodman90.03%10.11%


Adrian Bunk90.03%20.23%


Cho KyongHo90.03%10.11%


Paul Mundt80.03%30.34%


Gavin Shan80.03%20.23%


Don Mullis70.03%10.11%


seokhoon.yoon70.03%10.11%


Wei Yang70.03%10.11%


Randy Dunlap70.03%20.23%


Benjamin Herrenschmidt60.02%10.11%


Christoph Hellwig60.02%10.11%


Ming Lei60.02%10.11%


Bob Liu60.02%20.23%


Zhang Zhen60.02%10.11%


Andrey Ryabinin50.02%10.11%


Christian Bornträger50.02%10.11%


K. Y. Srinivasan50.02%10.11%


Martin J. Bligh50.02%30.34%


Meelap Shah50.02%10.11%


Kevin Cernekee40.01%10.11%


Jan Beulich40.01%20.23%


Dean Nelson40.01%10.11%


Alex Williamson40.01%10.11%


Zhen Lei40.01%10.11%


Aneesh Kumar K.V40.01%10.11%


Nishanth Aravamudan40.01%10.11%


Mike Travis40.01%10.11%


Viresh Kumar40.01%10.11%


Thomas Gleixner30.01%10.11%


Minfei Huang30.01%10.11%


Brent Casavant30.01%10.11%


Catalin Marinas30.01%10.11%


Clark Williams30.01%10.11%


Lisa Du30.01%10.11%


Ingo Molnar30.01%10.11%


Youquan Song30.01%10.11%


Kees Cook20.01%10.11%


David Shaohua Li20.01%10.11%


Jason Low20.01%10.11%


Stefan Bader20.01%10.11%


Gerald Schaefer20.01%10.11%


Bob Picco20.01%10.11%


Fabian Frederick20.01%20.23%


Kautuk Consul20.01%10.11%


Alexander van Heukelum20.01%10.11%


Tomasz Stanislawski20.01%10.11%


Li Hong20.01%10.11%


Dave Jones20.01%20.23%


Daisuke Nishimura20.01%10.11%


Josh Poimboeuf10.00%10.11%


zhong jiang10.00%10.11%


Andrew Lutomirski10.00%10.11%


Ravikiran G. Thirumalai10.00%10.11%


Masahiro Yamada10.00%10.11%


Wanpeng Li10.00%10.11%


Stephen Rothwell10.00%10.11%


Nadia Yvette Chambers10.00%10.11%


Jason Baron10.00%10.11%


Lucas De Marchi10.00%10.11%


Qiang Huang10.00%10.11%


Helge Deller10.00%10.11%


Janet Morgan10.00%10.11%


Li Zhong10.00%10.11%


Jesper Juhl10.00%10.11%


Total27493100.00%877100.00%


Directory: mm



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