Release 4.11 mm/readahead.c

/*
 * mm/readahead.c - address_space-level file readahead.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds
 *
 * 09Apr2002    Andrew Morton
 *              Initial version.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/dax.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>

#include "internal.h"

/*
 * Initialise a struct file's readahead state.  Assumes that the caller has
 * memset *ra to zero.
 */

void

file_ra_state_init(struct file_ra_state *ra, struct address_space *mapping)
{
	ra->ra_pages = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host)->ra_pages;
	ra->prev_pos = -1;
}
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24
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1
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Miquel van Smoorenburg
6
17.14%
1
25.00%
Christoph Hellwig
4
11.43%
1
25.00%
Fengguang Wu
1
2.86%
1
25.00%
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35
100.00%
4
100.00%


EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(file_ra_state_init);

/*
 * see if a page needs releasing upon read_cache_pages() failure
 * - the caller of read_cache_pages() may have set PG_private or PG_fscache
 *   before calling, such as the NFS fs marking pages that are cached locally
 *   on disk, thus we need to give the fs a chance to clean up in the event of
 *   an error
 */


static void read_cache_pages_invalidate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
					     struct page *page)
{
	if (page_has_private(page)) {
		if (!trylock_page(page))
			BUG();
		page->mapping = mapping;
		do_invalidatepage(page, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
		page->mapping = NULL;
		unlock_page(page);
	}
	put_page(page);
}

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95.52%
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2
2.99%
1
25.00%
Lukas Czerner
1
1.49%
1
25.00%
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67
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4
100.00%

/*
 * release a list of pages, invalidating them first if need be
 */


static void read_cache_pages_invalidate_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
					      struct list_head *pages)
{
	struct page *victim;

	while (!list_empty(pages)) {
		victim = lru_to_page(pages);
		list_del(&victim->lru);
		read_cache_pages_invalidate_page(mapping, victim);
	}
}

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/**
 * read_cache_pages - populate an address space with some pages & start reads against them
 * @mapping: the address_space
 * @pages: The address of a list_head which contains the target pages.  These
 *   pages have their ->index populated and are otherwise uninitialised.
 * @filler: callback routine for filling a single page.
 * @data: private data for the callback routine.
 *
 * Hides the details of the LRU cache etc from the filesystems.
 */


int read_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping, struct list_head *pages,
			int (*filler)(void *, struct page *), void *data)
{
	struct page *page;
	int ret = 0;

	while (!list_empty(pages)) {
		page = lru_to_page(pages);
		list_del(&page->lru);
		if (add_to_page_cache_lru(page, mapping, page->index,
				readahead_gfp_mask(mapping))) {
			read_cache_pages_invalidate_page(mapping, page);
			continue;
		}
		put_page(page);

		ret = filler(data, page);
		if (unlikely(ret)) {
			read_cache_pages_invalidate_pages(mapping, pages);
			break;
		}
		task_io_account_read(PAGE_SIZE);
	}
	return ret;
}

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59
43.70%
2
15.38%
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51
37.78%
4
30.77%
David Howells
11
8.15%
2
15.38%
Nicholas Piggin
7
5.19%
1
7.69%
Michal Hocko
4
2.96%
2
15.38%
Kirill A. Shutemov
2
1.48%
1
7.69%
Geliang Tang
1
0.74%
1
7.69%
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135
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13
100.00%


EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_cache_pages);



static int read_pages(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
		struct list_head *pages, unsigned int nr_pages, gfp_t gfp)
{
	struct blk_plug plug;
	unsigned page_idx;
	int ret;

	blk_start_plug(&plug);

	if (mapping->a_ops->readpages) {
		ret = mapping->a_ops->readpages(filp, mapping, pages, nr_pages);
		/* Clean up the remaining pages */
		put_pages_list(pages);
		goto out;
	}

	for (page_idx = 0; page_idx < nr_pages; page_idx++) {
		struct page *page = lru_to_page(pages);
		list_del(&page->lru);
		if (!add_to_page_cache_lru(page, mapping, page->index, gfp))
			mapping->a_ops->readpage(filp, page);
		put_page(page);
	}
	ret = 0;

out:
	blk_finish_plug(&plug);

	return ret;
}

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85
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2
18.18%
Andrew Morton
38
23.75%
3
27.27%
Jens Axboe
16
10.00%
1
9.09%
Steven Pratt
13
8.12%
1
9.09%
Michal Hocko
5
3.12%
1
9.09%
Geliang Tang
1
0.62%
1
9.09%
Kirill A. Shutemov
1
0.62%
1
9.09%
Nicholas Piggin
1
0.62%
1
9.09%
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160
100.00%
11
100.00%

/*
 * __do_page_cache_readahead() actually reads a chunk of disk.  It allocates all
 * the pages first, then submits them all for I/O. This avoids the very bad
 * behaviour which would occur if page allocations are causing VM writeback.
 * We really don't want to intermingle reads and writes like that.
 *
 * Returns the number of pages requested, or the maximum amount of I/O allowed.
 */


int __do_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
			pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read,
			unsigned long lookahead_size)
{
	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
	struct page *page;
	unsigned long end_index;	/* The last page we want to read */
	LIST_HEAD(page_pool);
	int page_idx;
	int ret = 0;
	loff_t isize = i_size_read(inode);
	gfp_t gfp_mask = readahead_gfp_mask(mapping);

	if (isize == 0)
		goto out;

	end_index = ((isize - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT);

	/*
         * Preallocate as many pages as we will need.
         */
	for (page_idx = 0; page_idx < nr_to_read; page_idx++) {
		pgoff_t page_offset = offset + page_idx;

		if (page_offset > end_index)
			break;

		rcu_read_lock();
		page = radix_tree_lookup(&mapping->page_tree, page_offset);
		rcu_read_unlock();
		if (page && !radix_tree_exceptional_entry(page))
			continue;

		page = __page_cache_alloc(gfp_mask);
		if (!page)
			break;
		page->index = page_offset;
		list_add(&page->lru, &page_pool);
		if (page_idx == nr_to_read - lookahead_size)
			SetPageReadahead(page);
		ret++;
	}

	/*
         * Now start the IO.  We ignore I/O errors - if the page is not
         * uptodate then the caller will launch readpage again, and
         * will then handle the error.
         */
	if (ret)
		read_pages(mapping, filp, &page_pool, ret, gfp_mask);
	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&page_pool));
out:
	return ret;
}

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147
62.82%
1
8.33%
Oleg Nesterov
24
10.26%
3
25.00%
Andrew Morton
19
8.12%
2
16.67%
Ram Pai
18
7.69%
1
8.33%
Michal Hocko
12
5.13%
1
8.33%
Johannes Weiner
6
2.56%
1
8.33%
Nicholas Piggin
6
2.56%
1
8.33%
Fabian Frederick
1
0.43%
1
8.33%
Kirill A. Shutemov
1
0.43%
1
8.33%
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234
100.00%
12
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/*
 * Chunk the readahead into 2 megabyte units, so that we don't pin too much
 * memory at once.
 */


int force_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
			       pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read)
{
	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host);
	struct file_ra_state *ra = &filp->f_ra;
	unsigned long max_pages;

	if (unlikely(!mapping->a_ops->readpage && !mapping->a_ops->readpages))
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
         * If the request exceeds the readahead window, allow the read to
         * be up to the optimal hardware IO size
         */
	max_pages = max_t(unsigned long, bdi->io_pages, ra->ra_pages);
	nr_to_read = min(nr_to_read, max_pages);
	while (nr_to_read) {
		int err;

		unsigned long this_chunk = (2 * 1024 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;

		if (this_chunk > nr_to_read)
			this_chunk = nr_to_read;
		err = __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp,
						offset, this_chunk, 0);
		if (err < 0)
			return err;

		offset += this_chunk;
		nr_to_read -= this_chunk;
	}
	return 0;
}

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60
37.50%
2
11.76%
Jens Axboe
39
24.38%
1
5.88%
Andrew Morton
21
13.12%
5
29.41%
Steven Pratt
20
12.50%
1
5.88%
David Howells
7
4.38%
1
5.88%
Ram Pai
4
2.50%
2
11.76%
Oleg Nesterov
3
1.88%
2
11.76%
Mark Rutland
3
1.88%
1
5.88%
Roman Gushchin
2
1.25%
1
5.88%
Kirill A. Shutemov
1
0.62%
1
5.88%
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160
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17
100.00%

/*
 * Set the initial window size, round to next power of 2 and square
 * for small size, x 4 for medium, and x 2 for large
 * for 128k (32 page) max ra
 * 1-8 page = 32k initial, > 8 page = 128k initial
 */


static unsigned long get_init_ra_size(unsigned long size, unsigned long max)
{
	unsigned long newsize = roundup_pow_of_two(size);

	if (newsize <= max / 32)
		newsize = newsize * 4;
	else if (newsize <= max / 4)
		newsize = newsize * 2;
	else
		newsize = max;

	return newsize;
}

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/*
 *  Get the previous window size, ramp it up, and
 *  return it as the new window size.
 */


static unsigned long get_next_ra_size(struct file_ra_state *ra,
						unsigned long max)
{
	unsigned long cur = ra->size;
	unsigned long newsize;

	if (cur < max / 16)
		newsize = 4 * cur;
	else
		newsize = 2 * cur;

	return min(newsize, max);
}

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57
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/*
 * On-demand readahead design.
 *
 * The fields in struct file_ra_state represent the most-recently-executed
 * readahead attempt:
 *
 *                        |<----- async_size ---------|
 *     |------------------- size -------------------->|
 *     |==================#===========================|
 *     ^start             ^page marked with PG_readahead
 *
 * To overlap application thinking time and disk I/O time, we do
 * `readahead pipelining': Do not wait until the application consumed all
 * readahead pages and stalled on the missing page at readahead_index;
 * Instead, submit an asynchronous readahead I/O as soon as there are
 * only async_size pages left in the readahead window. Normally async_size
 * will be equal to size, for maximum pipelining.
 *
 * In interleaved sequential reads, concurrent streams on the same fd can
 * be invalidating each other's readahead state. So we flag the new readahead
 * page at (start+size-async_size) with PG_readahead, and use it as readahead
 * indicator. The flag won't be set on already cached pages, to avoid the
 * readahead-for-nothing fuss, saving pointless page cache lookups.
 *
 * prev_pos tracks the last visited byte in the _previous_ read request.
 * It should be maintained by the caller, and will be used for detecting
 * small random reads. Note that the readahead algorithm checks loosely
 * for sequential patterns. Hence interleaved reads might be served as
 * sequential ones.
 *
 * There is a special-case: if the first page which the application tries to
 * read happens to be the first page of the file, it is assumed that a linear
 * read is about to happen and the window is immediately set to the initial size
 * based on I/O request size and the max_readahead.
 *
 * The code ramps up the readahead size aggressively at first, but slow down as
 * it approaches max_readhead.
 */

/*
 * Count contiguously cached pages from @offset-1 to @offset-@max,
 * this count is a conservative estimation of
 *      - length of the sequential read sequence, or
 *      - thrashing threshold in memory tight systems
 */


static pgoff_t count_history_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
				   pgoff_t offset, unsigned long max)
{
	pgoff_t head;

	rcu_read_lock();
	head = page_cache_prev_hole(mapping, offset - 1, max);
	rcu_read_unlock();

	return offset - 1 - head;
}

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47
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2
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/*
 * page cache context based read-ahead
 */


static int try_context_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
				 struct file_ra_state *ra,
				 pgoff_t offset,
				 unsigned long req_size,
				 unsigned long max)
{
	pgoff_t size;

	size = count_history_pages(mapping, offset, max);

	/*
         * not enough history pages:
         * it could be a random read
         */
	if (size <= req_size)
		return 0;

	/*
         * starts from beginning of file:
         * it is a strong indication of long-run stream (or whole-file-read)
         */
	if (size >= offset)
		size *= 2;

	ra->start = offset;
	ra->size = min(size + req_size, max);
	ra->async_size = 1;

	return 1;
}

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/*
 * A minimal readahead algorithm for trivial sequential/random reads.
 */

static unsigned long

ondemand_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
		   struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
		   bool hit_readahead_marker, pgoff_t offset,
		   unsigned long req_size)
{
	struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host);
	unsigned long max_pages = ra->ra_pages;
	pgoff_t prev_offset;

	/*
         * If the request exceeds the readahead window, allow the read to
         * be up to the optimal hardware IO size
         */
	if (req_size > max_pages && bdi->io_pages > max_pages)
		max_pages = min(req_size, bdi->io_pages);

	/*
         * start of file
         */
	if (!offset)
		goto initial_readahead;

	/*
         * It's the expected callback offset, assume sequential access.
         * Ramp up sizes, and push forward the readahead window.
         */
	if ((offset == (ra->start + ra->size - ra->async_size) ||
	     offset == (ra->start + ra->size))) {
		ra->start += ra->size;
		ra->size = get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages);
		ra->async_size = ra->size;
		goto readit;
	}

	/*
         * Hit a marked page without valid readahead state.
         * E.g. interleaved reads.
         * Query the pagecache for async_size, which normally equals to
         * readahead size. Ramp it up and use it as the new readahead size.
         */
	if (hit_readahead_marker) {
		pgoff_t start;

		rcu_read_lock();
		start = page_cache_next_hole(mapping, offset + 1, max_pages);
		rcu_read_unlock();

		if (!start || start - offset > max_pages)
			return 0;

		ra->start = start;
		ra->size = start - offset;	/* old async_size */
		ra->size += req_size;
		ra->size = get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages);
		ra->async_size = ra->size;
		goto readit;
	}

	/*
         * oversize read
         */
	if (req_size > max_pages)
		goto initial_readahead;

	/*
         * sequential cache miss
         * trivial case: (offset - prev_offset) == 1
         * unaligned reads: (offset - prev_offset) == 0
         */
	prev_offset = (unsigned long long)ra->prev_pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	if (offset - prev_offset <= 1UL)
		goto initial_readahead;

	/*
         * Query the page cache and look for the traces(cached history pages)
         * that a sequential stream would leave behind.
         */
	if (try_context_readahead(mapping, ra, offset, req_size, max_pages))
		goto readit;

	/*
         * standalone, small random read
         * Read as is, and do not pollute the readahead state.
         */
	return __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset, req_size, 0);

initial_readahead:
	ra->start = offset;
	ra->size = get_init_ra_size(req_size, max_pages);
	ra->async_size = ra->size > req_size ? ra->size - req_size : ra->size;

readit:
	/*
         * Will this read hit the readahead marker made by itself?
         * If so, trigger the readahead marker hit now, and merge
         * the resulted next readahead window into the current one.
         */
	if (offset == ra->start && ra->size == ra->async_size) {
		ra->async_size = get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages);
		ra->size += ra->async_size;
	}

	return ra_submit(ra, mapping, filp);
}

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Jens Axboe
45
11.34%
1
5.88%
Damien Ramonda
16
4.03%
1
5.88%
Nicholas Piggin
4
1.01%
1
5.88%
Rusty Russell
2
0.50%
1
5.88%
Kirill A. Shutemov
1
0.25%
1
5.88%
Johannes Weiner
1
0.25%
1
5.88%
Total
397
100.00%
17
100.00%

/**
 * page_cache_sync_readahead - generic file readahead
 * @mapping: address_space which holds the pagecache and I/O vectors
 * @ra: file_ra_state which holds the readahead state
 * @filp: passed on to ->readpage() and ->readpages()
 * @offset: start offset into @mapping, in pagecache page-sized units
 * @req_size: hint: total size of the read which the caller is performing in
 *            pagecache pages
 *
 * page_cache_sync_readahead() should be called when a cache miss happened:
 * it will submit the read.  The readahead logic may decide to piggyback more
 * pages onto the read request if access patterns suggest it will improve
 * performance.
 */


void page_cache_sync_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
			       struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
			       pgoff_t offset, unsigned long req_size)
{
	/* no read-ahead */
	if (!ra->ra_pages)
		return;

	/* be dumb */
	if (filp && (filp->f_mode & FMODE_RANDOM)) {
		force_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset, req_size);
		return;
	}

	/* do read-ahead */
	ondemand_readahead(mapping, ra, filp, false, offset, req_size);
}
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29
36.71%
3
75.00%
Total
79
100.00%
4
100.00%


EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_sync_readahead);

/**
 * page_cache_async_readahead - file readahead for marked pages
 * @mapping: address_space which holds the pagecache and I/O vectors
 * @ra: file_ra_state which holds the readahead state
 * @filp: passed on to ->readpage() and ->readpages()
 * @page: the page at @offset which has the PG_readahead flag set
 * @offset: start offset into @mapping, in pagecache page-sized units
 * @req_size: hint: total size of the read which the caller is performing in
 *            pagecache pages
 *
 * page_cache_async_readahead() should be called when a page is used which
 * has the PG_readahead flag; this is a marker to suggest that the application
 * has used up enough of the readahead window that we should start pulling in
 * more pages.
 */

void

page_cache_async_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
			   struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
			   struct page *page, pgoff_t offset,
			   unsigned long req_size)
{
	/* no read-ahead */
	if (!ra->ra_pages)
		return;

	/*
         * Same bit is used for PG_readahead and PG_reclaim.
         */
	if (PageWriteback(page))
		return;

	ClearPageReadahead(page);

	/*
         * Defer asynchronous read-ahead on IO congestion.
         */
	if (inode_read_congested(mapping->host))
		return;

	/* do read-ahead */
	ondemand_readahead(mapping, ra, filp, true, offset, req_size);
}
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69
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40.00%
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9
10.98%
1
20.00%
Christoph Hellwig
3
3.66%
1
20.00%
Tejun Heo
1
1.22%
1
20.00%
Total
82
100.00%
5
100.00%


EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_async_readahead);


static ssize_t

do_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
	     pgoff_t index, unsigned long nr)
{
	if (!mapping || !mapping->a_ops)
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
         * Readahead doesn't make sense for DAX inodes, but we don't want it
         * to report a failure either.  Instead, we just return success and
         * don't do any work.
         */
	if (dax_mapping(mapping))
		return 0;

	return force_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, index, nr);
}

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Ross Zwisler
11
18.33%
1
33.33%
Mark Rutland
1
1.67%
1
33.33%
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60
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3
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SYSCALL_DEFINE3(readahead, int, fd, loff_t, offset, size_t, count)
{
	ssize_t ret;
	struct fd f;

	ret = -EBADF;
	f = fdget(fd);
	if (f.file) {
		if (f.file->f_mode & FMODE_READ) {
			struct address_space *mapping = f.file->f_mapping;
			pgoff_t start = offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
			pgoff_t end = (offset + count - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
			unsigned long len = end - start + 1;
			ret = do_readahead(mapping, f.file, start, len);
		}
		fdput(f);
	}
	return ret;
}
Overall Contributors
Person
Tokens
Prop
Commits
CommitProp
Fengguang Wu
1050
54.92%
18
23.68%
Andrew Morton
169
8.84%
16
21.05%
Américo Wang
142
7.43%
1
1.32%
David Howells
136
7.11%
3
3.95%
Jens Axboe
103
5.39%
3
3.95%
Rusty Russell
68
3.56%
1
1.32%
Steven Pratt
33
1.73%
1
1.32%
Al Viro
31
1.62%
3
3.95%
Oleg Nesterov
27
1.41%
3
3.95%
Ram Pai
22
1.15%
2
2.63%
Michal Hocko
21
1.10%
2
2.63%
Nicholas Piggin
18
0.94%
3
3.95%
Damien Ramonda
16
0.84%
1
1.32%
Ross Zwisler
14
0.73%
1
1.32%
Kirill A. Shutemov
10
0.52%
1
1.32%
Johannes Weiner
8
0.42%
2
2.63%
Christoph Hellwig
7
0.37%
1
1.32%
Miquel van Smoorenburg
6
0.31%
1
1.32%
Geliang Tang
6
0.31%
2
2.63%
Steven Whitehouse
5
0.26%
1
1.32%
Tejun Heo
4
0.21%
2
2.63%
Mark Rutland
4
0.21%
1
1.32%
Fabian Frederick
4
0.21%
1
1.32%
Roman Gushchin
2
0.10%
1
1.32%
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo
2
0.10%
1
1.32%
Francois Cami
1
0.05%
1
1.32%
Paul Gortmaker
1
0.05%
1
1.32%
Huang Shijie
1
0.05%
1
1.32%
Lukas Czerner
1
0.05%
1
1.32%
Total
1912
100.00%
76
100.00%
Directory: mm

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