Release 4.11 mm/swap_state.c

/*
 *  linux/mm/swap_state.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *
 *  Rewritten to use page cache, (C) 1998 Stephen Tweedie
 */
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/swap_slots.h>

#include <asm/pgtable.h>

/*
 * swapper_space is a fiction, retained to simplify the path through
 * vmscan's shrink_page_list.
 */

static const struct address_space_operations swap_aops = {
	.writepage	= swap_writepage,
	.set_page_dirty	= swap_set_page_dirty,
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
	.migratepage	= migrate_page,
#endif
};


struct address_space *swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];

static unsigned int nr_swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];


#define INC_CACHE_INFO(x)	do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)

static struct {
	
unsigned long add_total;
	
unsigned long del_total;
	
unsigned long find_success;
	
unsigned long find_total;
} 
swap_cache_info;



unsigned long total_swapcache_pages(void)
{
	unsigned int i, j, nr;
	unsigned long ret = 0;
	struct address_space *spaces;

	rcu_read_lock();
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_SWAPFILES; i++) {
		/*
                 * The corresponding entries in nr_swapper_spaces and
                 * swapper_spaces will be reused only after at least
                 * one grace period.  So it is impossible for them
                 * belongs to different usage.
                 */
		nr = nr_swapper_spaces[i];
		spaces = rcu_dereference(swapper_spaces[i]);
		if (!nr || !spaces)
			continue;
		for (j = 0; j < nr; j++)
			ret += spaces[j].nrpages;
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();
	return ret;
}

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1
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100
100.00%
2
100.00%


static atomic_t swapin_readahead_hits = ATOMIC_INIT(4);



void show_swap_cache_info(void)
{
	printk("%lu pages in swap cache\n", total_swapcache_pages());
	printk("Swap cache stats: add %lu, delete %lu, find %lu/%lu\n",
		swap_cache_info.add_total, swap_cache_info.del_total,
		swap_cache_info.find_success, swap_cache_info.find_total);
	printk("Free swap  = %ldkB\n",
		get_nr_swap_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
	printk("Total swap = %lukB\n", total_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
}

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Andrea Arcangeli
24
38.10%
1
14.29%
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)
14
22.22%
1
14.29%
Linus Torvalds
13
20.63%
1
14.29%
Johannes Weiner
8
12.70%
1
14.29%
Shaohua Li
3
4.76%
2
28.57%
Hugh Dickins
1
1.59%
1
14.29%
Total
63
100.00%
7
100.00%

/*
 * __add_to_swap_cache resembles add_to_page_cache_locked on swapper_space,
 * but sets SwapCache flag and private instead of mapping and index.
 */


int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
{
	int error;
	struct address_space *address_space;

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSwapCache(page), page);
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapBacked(page), page);

	get_page(page);
	SetPageSwapCache(page);
	set_page_private(page, entry.val);

	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
	spin_lock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
	error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
				  swp_offset(entry), page);
	if (likely(!error)) {
		address_space->nrpages++;
		__inc_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
		INC_CACHE_INFO(add_total);
	}
	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);

	if (unlikely(error)) {
		/*
                 * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
                 * would call add_to_swap_cache().
                 * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
                 */
		VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
		set_page_private(page, 0UL);
		ClearPageSwapCache(page);
		put_page(page);
	}

	return error;
}


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Nicholas Piggin
56
31.64%
3
15.00%
Andrew Morton
43
24.29%
2
10.00%
Shaohua Li
21
11.86%
1
5.00%
Daisuke Nishimura
14
7.91%
2
10.00%
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)
11
6.21%
4
20.00%
Sasha Levin
9
5.08%
1
5.00%
Rik Van Riel
8
4.52%
1
5.00%
Hugh Dickins
5
2.82%
1
5.00%
Christoph Lameter
3
1.69%
1
5.00%
Huang Ying
3
1.69%
1
5.00%
Kirill A. Shutemov
2
1.13%
1
5.00%
Mel Gorman
1
0.56%
1
5.00%
Linus Torvalds
1
0.56%
1
5.00%
Total
177
100.00%
20
100.00%



int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
	int error;

	error = radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_mask);
	if (!error) {
		error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
		radix_tree_preload_end();
	}
	return error;
}

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Daisuke Nishimura
42
87.50%
1
33.33%
Andrew Morton
5
10.42%
1
33.33%
Jan Kara
1
2.08%
1
33.33%
Total
48
100.00%
3
100.00%

/*
 * This must be called only on pages that have
 * been verified to be in the swap cache.
 */


void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
{
	swp_entry_t entry;
	struct address_space *address_space;

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page), page);
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageWriteback(page), page);

	entry.val = page_private(page);
	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
	radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, swp_offset(entry));
	set_page_private(page, 0);
	ClearPageSwapCache(page);
	address_space->nrpages--;
	__dec_node_page_state(page, NR_FILE_PAGES);
	INC_CACHE_INFO(del_total);
}

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29
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1
7.14%
Andrew Morton
28
25.93%
2
14.29%
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)
18
16.67%
3
21.43%
Linus Torvalds
12
11.11%
3
21.43%
Sasha Levin
9
8.33%
1
7.14%
Hugh Dickins
6
5.56%
1
7.14%
Christoph Lameter
3
2.78%
1
7.14%
Huang Ying
2
1.85%
1
7.14%
Mel Gorman
1
0.93%
1
7.14%
Total
108
100.00%
14
100.00%

/**
 * add_to_swap - allocate swap space for a page
 * @page: page we want to move to swap
 *
 * Allocate swap space for the page and add the page to the
 * swap cache.  Caller needs to hold the page lock. 
 */


int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
{
	swp_entry_t entry;
	int err;

	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);

	entry = get_swap_page();
	if (!entry.val)
		return 0;

	if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry)) {
		swapcache_free(entry);
		return 0;
	}

	if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
		if (unlikely(split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))) {
			swapcache_free(entry);
			return 0;
		}

	/*
         * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
         * completely exhaust the page allocator. __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
         * stops emergency reserves from being allocated.
         *
         * TODO: this could cause a theoretical memory reclaim
         * deadlock in the swap out path.
         */
	/*
         * Add it to the swap cache.
         */
	err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
			__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);

	if (!err) {
		return 1;
	} else {	/* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
		/*
                 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
                 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
                 */
		swapcache_free(entry);
		return 0;
	}
}

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Andrew Morton
59
39.60%
4
23.53%
Andrea Arcangeli
29
19.46%
1
5.88%
Vladimir Davydov
19
12.75%
1
5.88%
Nicholas Piggin
10
6.71%
2
11.76%
Shaohua Li
8
5.37%
1
5.88%
Hugh Dickins
7
4.70%
3
17.65%
Daisuke Nishimura
7
4.70%
1
5.88%
Sasha Levin
6
4.03%
1
5.88%
Eric Sesterhenn / Snakebyte
2
1.34%
1
5.88%
MinChan Kim
1
0.67%
1
5.88%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki
1
0.67%
1
5.88%
Total
149
100.00%
17
100.00%

/*
 * This must be called only on pages that have
 * been verified to be in the swap cache and locked.
 * It will never put the page into the free list,
 * the caller has a reference on the page.
 */


void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
{
	swp_entry_t entry;
	struct address_space *address_space;

	entry.val = page_private(page);

	address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
	spin_lock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
	__delete_from_swap_cache(page);
	spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);

	swapcache_free(entry);
	put_page(page);
}

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Linus Torvalds (pre-git)
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44.62%
6
46.15%
Shaohua Li
16
24.62%
1
7.69%
Linus Torvalds
11
16.92%
1
7.69%
Hugh Dickins
3
4.62%
1
7.69%
Nicholas Piggin
2
3.08%
1
7.69%
Andrew Morton
2
3.08%
1
7.69%
Kirill A. Shutemov
1
1.54%
1
7.69%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki
1
1.54%
1
7.69%
Total
65
100.00%
13
100.00%

/* 
 * If we are the only user, then try to free up the swap cache. 
 * 
 * Its ok to check for PageSwapCache without the page lock
 * here because we are going to recheck again inside
 * try_to_free_swap() _with_ the lock.
 *                                      - Marcelo
 */


static inline void free_swap_cache(struct page *page)
{
	if (PageSwapCache(page) && !page_mapped(page) && trylock_page(page)) {
		try_to_free_swap(page);
		unlock_page(page);
	}
}

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Linus Torvalds
29
69.05%
1
20.00%
Hugh Dickins
7
16.67%
1
20.00%
Andrew Morton
5
11.90%
2
40.00%
Nicholas Piggin
1
2.38%
1
20.00%
Total
42
100.00%
5
100.00%

/* 
 * Perform a free_page(), also freeing any swap cache associated with
 * this page if it is the last user of the page.
 */


void free_page_and_swap_cache(struct page *page)
{
	free_swap_cache(page);
	if (!is_huge_zero_page(page))
		put_page(page);
}

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Gerald Schaefer
7
25.00%
1
20.00%
Linus Torvalds
5
17.86%
1
20.00%
Kirill A. Shutemov
1
3.57%
1
20.00%
Aaron Lu
1
3.57%
1
20.00%
Total
28
100.00%
5
100.00%

/*
 * Passed an array of pages, drop them all from swapcache and then release
 * them.  They are removed from the LRU and freed if this is their last use.
 */


void free_pages_and_swap_cache(struct page **pages, int nr)
{
	struct page **pagep = pages;
	int i;

	lru_add_drain();
	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
		free_swap_cache(pagep[i]);
	release_pages(pagep, nr, false);
}

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52
89.66%
2
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Michal Hocko
5
8.62%
1
25.00%
Mel Gorman
1
1.72%
1
25.00%
Total
58
100.00%
4
100.00%

/*
 * Lookup a swap entry in the swap cache. A found page will be returned
 * unlocked and with its refcount incremented - we rely on the kernel
 * lock getting page table operations atomic even if we drop the page
 * lock before returning.
 */


struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
{
	struct page *page;

	page = find_get_page(swap_address_space(entry), swp_offset(entry));

	if (page) {
		INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
		if (TestClearPageReadahead(page))
			atomic_inc(&swapin_readahead_hits);
	}

	INC_CACHE_INFO(find_total);
	return page;
}

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Linus Torvalds (pre-git)
26
41.94%
5
45.45%
Shaohua Li
19
30.65%
2
18.18%
Andrew Morton
9
14.52%
1
9.09%
Linus Torvalds
4
6.45%
1
9.09%
Huang Ying
3
4.84%
1
9.09%
Marcelo Tosatti
1
1.61%
1
9.09%
Total
62
100.00%
11
100.00%



struct page *__read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
			struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
			bool *new_page_allocated)
{
	struct page *found_page, *new_page = NULL;
	struct address_space *swapper_space = swap_address_space(entry);
	int err;
	*new_page_allocated = false;

	do {
		/*
                 * First check the swap cache.  Since this is normally
                 * called after lookup_swap_cache() failed, re-calling
                 * that would confuse statistics.
                 */
		found_page = find_get_page(swapper_space, swp_offset(entry));
		if (found_page)
			break;

		/*
                 * Just skip read ahead for unused swap slot.
                 * During swap_off when swap_slot_cache is disabled,
                 * we have to handle the race between putting
                 * swap entry in swap cache and marking swap slot
                 * as SWAP_HAS_CACHE.  That's done in later part of code or
                 * else swap_off will be aborted if we return NULL.
                 */
		if (!__swp_swapcount(entry) && swap_slot_cache_enabled)
			break;

		/*
                 * Get a new page to read into from swap.
                 */
		if (!new_page) {
			new_page = alloc_page_vma(gfp_mask, vma, addr);
			if (!new_page)
				break;		/* Out of memory */
		}

		/*
                 * call radix_tree_preload() while we can wait.
                 */
		err = radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_mask & GFP_KERNEL);
		if (err)
			break;

		/*
                 * Swap entry may have been freed since our caller observed it.
                 */
		err = swapcache_prepare(entry);
		if (err == -EEXIST) {
			radix_tree_preload_end();
			/*
                         * We might race against get_swap_page() and stumble
                         * across a SWAP_HAS_CACHE swap_map entry whose page
                         * has not been brought into the swapcache yet, while
                         * the other end is scheduled away waiting on discard
                         * I/O completion at scan_swap_map().
                         *
                         * In order to avoid turning this transitory state
                         * into a permanent loop around this -EEXIST case
                         * if !CONFIG_PREEMPT and the I/O completion happens
                         * to be waiting on the CPU waitqueue where we are now
                         * busy looping, we just conditionally invoke the
                         * scheduler here, if there are some more important
                         * tasks to run.
                         */
			cond_resched();
			continue;
		}
		if (err) {		/* swp entry is obsolete ? */
			radix_tree_preload_end();
			break;
		}

		/* May fail (-ENOMEM) if radix-tree node allocation failed. */
		__SetPageLocked(new_page);
		__SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
		err = __add_to_swap_cache(new_page, entry);
		if (likely(!err)) {
			radix_tree_preload_end();
			/*
                         * Initiate read into locked page and return.
                         */
			lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
			*new_page_allocated = true;
			return new_page;
		}
		radix_tree_preload_end();
		__ClearPageLocked(new_page);
		/*
                 * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
                 * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
                 */
		swapcache_free(entry);
	} while (err != -ENOMEM);

	if (new_page)
		put_page(new_page);
	return found_page;
}

Contributors
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Linus Torvalds (pre-git)
54
22.04%
3
10.00%
Linus Torvalds
41
16.73%
4
13.33%
Daisuke Nishimura
33
13.47%
2
6.67%
Dmitry Safonov
25
10.20%
1
3.33%
Hugh Dickins
23
9.39%
3
10.00%
Andrew Morton
20
8.16%
4
13.33%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki
17
6.94%
2
6.67%
Tim Chen
8
3.27%
1
3.33%
Huang Ying
7
2.86%
2
6.67%
Rik Van Riel
5
2.04%
2
6.67%
Rafael Aquini
4
1.63%
1
3.33%
Nicholas Piggin
3
1.22%
1
3.33%
Kirill A. Shutemov
3
1.22%
2
6.67%
Marcelo Tosatti
1
0.41%
1
3.33%
Jan Kara
1
0.41%
1
3.33%
Total
245
100.00%
30
100.00%

/*
 * Locate a page of swap in physical memory, reserving swap cache space
 * and reading the disk if it is not already cached.
 * A failure return means that either the page allocation failed or that
 * the swap entry is no longer in use.
 */


struct page *read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
			struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
	bool page_was_allocated;
	struct page *retpage = __read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask,
			vma, addr, &page_was_allocated);

	if (page_was_allocated)
		swap_readpage(retpage);

	return retpage;
}

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Dmitry Safonov
56
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1
100.00%
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56
100.00%
1
100.00%



static unsigned long swapin_nr_pages(unsigned long offset)
{
	static unsigned long prev_offset;
	unsigned int pages, max_pages, last_ra;
	static atomic_t last_readahead_pages;

	max_pages = 1 << READ_ONCE(page_cluster);
	if (max_pages <= 1)
		return 1;

	/*
         * This heuristic has been found to work well on both sequential and
         * random loads, swapping to hard disk or to SSD: please don't ask
         * what the "+ 2" means, it just happens to work well, that's all.
         */
	pages = atomic_xchg(&swapin_readahead_hits, 0) + 2;
	if (pages == 2) {
		/*
                 * We can have no readahead hits to judge by: but must not get
                 * stuck here forever, so check for an adjacent offset instead
                 * (and don't even bother to check whether swap type is same).
                 */
		if (offset != prev_offset + 1 && offset != prev_offset - 1)
			pages = 1;
		prev_offset = offset;
	} else {
		unsigned int roundup = 4;
		while (roundup < pages)
			roundup <<= 1;
		pages = roundup;
	}

	if (pages > max_pages)
		pages = max_pages;

	/* Don't shrink readahead too fast */
	last_ra = atomic_read(&last_readahead_pages) / 2;
	if (pages < last_ra)
		pages = last_ra;
	atomic_set(&last_readahead_pages, pages);

	return pages;
}

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Shaohua Li
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Jason Low
1
0.65%
1
50.00%
Total
155
100.00%
2
100.00%

/**
 * swapin_readahead - swap in pages in hope we need them soon
 * @entry: swap entry of this memory
 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
 * @vma: user vma this address belongs to
 * @addr: target address for mempolicy
 *
 * Returns the struct page for entry and addr, after queueing swapin.
 *
 * Primitive swap readahead code. We simply read an aligned block of
 * (1 << page_cluster) entries in the swap area. This method is chosen
 * because it doesn't cost us any seek time.  We also make sure to queue
 * the 'original' request together with the readahead ones...
 *
 * This has been extended to use the NUMA policies from the mm triggering
 * the readahead.
 *
 * Caller must hold down_read on the vma->vm_mm if vma is not NULL.
 */


struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
			struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
	struct page *page;
	unsigned long entry_offset = swp_offset(entry);
	unsigned long offset = entry_offset;
	unsigned long start_offset, end_offset;
	unsigned long mask;
	struct blk_plug plug;

	mask = swapin_nr_pages(offset) - 1;
	if (!mask)
		goto skip;

	/* Read a page_cluster sized and aligned cluster around offset. */
	start_offset = offset & ~mask;
	end_offset = offset | mask;
	if (!start_offset)	/* First page is swap header. */
		start_offset++;

	blk_start_plug(&plug);
	for (offset = start_offset; offset <= end_offset ; offset++) {
		/* Ok, do the async read-ahead now */
		page = read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry(swp_type(entry), offset),
						gfp_mask, vma, addr);
		if (!page)
			continue;
		if (offset != entry_offset)
			SetPageReadahead(page);
		put_page(page);
	}
	blk_finish_plug(&plug);

	lru_add_drain();	/* Push any new pages onto the LRU now */
skip:
	return read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask, vma, addr);
}

Contributors
Person
Tokens
Prop
Commits
CommitProp
Hugh Dickins
97
52.43%
2
33.33%
Shaohua Li
37
20.00%
1
16.67%
Rik Van Riel
34
18.38%
1
16.67%
Christian Ehrhardt
16
8.65%
1
16.67%
Kirill A. Shutemov
1
0.54%
1
16.67%
Total
185
100.00%
6
100.00%



int init_swap_address_space(unsigned int type, unsigned long nr_pages)
{
	struct address_space *spaces, *space;
	unsigned int i, nr;

	nr = DIV_ROUND_UP(nr_pages, SWAP_ADDRESS_SPACE_PAGES);
	spaces = vzalloc(sizeof(struct address_space) * nr);
	if (!spaces)
		return -ENOMEM;
	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
		space = spaces + i;
		INIT_RADIX_TREE(&space->page_tree, GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN);
		atomic_set(&space->i_mmap_writable, 0);
		space->a_ops = &swap_aops;
		/* swap cache doesn't use writeback related tags */
		mapping_set_no_writeback_tags(space);
		spin_lock_init(&space->tree_lock);
	}
	nr_swapper_spaces[type] = nr;
	rcu_assign_pointer(swapper_spaces[type], spaces);

	return 0;
}

Contributors
Person
Tokens
Prop
Commits
CommitProp
Huang Ying
142
100.00%
1
100.00%
Total
142
100.00%
1
100.00%



void exit_swap_address_space(unsigned int type)
{
	struct address_space *spaces;

	spaces = swapper_spaces[type];
	nr_swapper_spaces[type] = 0;
	rcu_assign_pointer(swapper_spaces[type], NULL);
	synchronize_rcu();
	kvfree(spaces);
}
Contributors
Person
Tokens
Prop
Commits
CommitProp
Huang Ying
46
100.00%
1
100.00%
Total
46
100.00%
1
100.00%

Overall Contributors
Person
Tokens
Prop
Commits
CommitProp
Shaohua Li
343
18.38%
4
3.92%
Huang Ying
272
14.58%
3
2.94%
Andrew Morton
264
14.15%
17
16.67%
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)
187
10.02%
17
16.67%
Hugh Dickins
157
8.41%
12
11.76%
Linus Torvalds
134
7.18%
5
4.90%
Daisuke Nishimura
97
5.20%
2
1.96%
Dmitry Safonov
82
4.39%
1
0.98%
Nicholas Piggin
72
3.86%
6
5.88%
Andrea Arcangeli
53
2.84%
2
1.96%
Rik Van Riel
47
2.52%
3
2.94%
Sasha Levin
24
1.29%
1
0.98%
Vladimir Davydov
19
1.02%
1
0.98%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki
19
1.02%
2
1.96%
Christian Ehrhardt
19
1.02%
1
0.98%
Christoph Lameter
14
0.75%
3
2.94%
Tim Chen
11
0.59%
2
1.96%
Kirill A. Shutemov
8
0.43%
2
1.96%
Johannes Weiner
8
0.43%
1
0.98%
Gerald Schaefer
7
0.38%
1
0.98%
Michal Hocko
5
0.27%
1
0.98%
Mel Gorman
4
0.21%
3
2.94%
Rafael Aquini
4
0.21%
1
0.98%
Tejun Heo
3
0.16%
1
0.98%
Eric Sesterhenn / Snakebyte
2
0.11%
1
0.98%
Jan Kara
2
0.11%
1
0.98%
Marcelo Tosatti
2
0.11%
1
0.98%
MinChan Kim
2
0.11%
2
1.96%
Aaron Lu
1
0.05%
1
0.98%
Jason Low
1
0.05%
1
0.98%
Jens Axboe
1
0.05%
1
0.98%
Randy Dunlap
1
0.05%
1
0.98%
Christoph Hellwig
1
0.05%
1
0.98%
Total
1866
100.00%
102
100.00%
Directory: mm

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