cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.12 include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h

/*
 * Helper macros to support writing architecture specific
 * linker scripts.
 *
 * A minimal linker scripts has following content:
 * [This is a sample, architectures may have special requiriements]
 *
 * OUTPUT_FORMAT(...)
 * OUTPUT_ARCH(...)
 * ENTRY(...)
 * SECTIONS
 * {
 *      . = START;
 *      __init_begin = .;
 *      HEAD_TEXT_SECTION
 *      INIT_TEXT_SECTION(PAGE_SIZE)
 *      INIT_DATA_SECTION(...)
 *      PERCPU_SECTION(CACHELINE_SIZE)
 *      __init_end = .;
 *
 *      _stext = .;
 *      TEXT_SECTION = 0
 *      _etext = .;
 *
 *      _sdata = .;
 *      RO_DATA_SECTION(PAGE_SIZE)
 *      RW_DATA_SECTION(...)
 *      _edata = .;
 *
 *      EXCEPTION_TABLE(...)
 *      NOTES
 *
 *      BSS_SECTION(0, 0, 0)
 *      _end = .;
 *
 *      STABS_DEBUG
 *      DWARF_DEBUG
 *
 *      DISCARDS                // must be the last
 * }
 *
 * [__init_begin, __init_end] is the init section that may be freed after init
 *      // __init_begin and __init_end should be page aligned, so that we can
 *      // free the whole .init memory
 * [_stext, _etext] is the text section
 * [_sdata, _edata] is the data section
 *
 * Some of the included output section have their own set of constants.
 * Examples are: [__initramfs_start, __initramfs_end] for initramfs and
 *               [__nosave_begin, __nosave_end] for the nosave data
 */

#ifndef LOAD_OFFSET

#define LOAD_OFFSET 0
#endif

#include <linux/export.h>

/* Align . to a 8 byte boundary equals to maximum function alignment. */

#define ALIGN_FUNCTION()  . = ALIGN(8)

/*
 * Align to a 32 byte boundary equal to the
 * alignment gcc 4.5 uses for a struct
 */

#define STRUCT_ALIGNMENT 32

#define STRUCT_ALIGN() . = ALIGN(STRUCT_ALIGNMENT)

/* The actual configuration determine if the init/exit sections
 * are handled as text/data or they can be discarded (which
 * often happens at runtime)
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU

#define CPU_KEEP(sec)    *(.cpu##sec)

#define CPU_DISCARD(sec)
#else

#define CPU_KEEP(sec)

#define CPU_DISCARD(sec) *(.cpu##sec)
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)

#define MEM_KEEP(sec)    *(.mem##sec)

#define MEM_DISCARD(sec)
#else

#define MEM_KEEP(sec)

#define MEM_DISCARD(sec) *(.mem##sec)
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD

#define MCOUNT_REC()	. = ALIGN(8);                           \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_mcount_loc) = .; \
                        *(__mcount_loc)                         \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_mcount_loc) = .;
#else

#define MCOUNT_REC()
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING

#define LIKELY_PROFILE()	VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_annotated_branch_profile) = .; \
                                *(_ftrace_annotated_branch)                           \
                                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_annotated_branch_profile) = .;
#else

#define LIKELY_PROFILE()
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES

#define BRANCH_PROFILE()	VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_branch_profile) = .;   \
                                *(_ftrace_branch)                             \
                                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_branch_profile) = .;
#else

#define BRANCH_PROFILE()
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES

#define KPROBE_BLACKLIST()	. = ALIGN(8);                                 \
                                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_kprobe_blacklist) = .; \
                                KEEP(*(_kprobe_blacklist))                    \
                                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_kprobe_blacklist) = .;
#else

#define KPROBE_BLACKLIST()
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_EVENT_TRACING

#define FTRACE_EVENTS()	. = ALIGN(8);                                   \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_ftrace_events) = .;      \
                        KEEP(*(_ftrace_events))                         \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_ftrace_events) = .;       \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_ftrace_enum_maps) = .;   \
                        KEEP(*(_ftrace_enum_map))                       \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_ftrace_enum_maps) = .;
#else

#define FTRACE_EVENTS()
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING

#define TRACE_PRINTKS() VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___trace_bprintk_fmt) = .;      \
                         KEEP(*(__trace_printk_fmt)) /* Trace_printk fmt' pointer */ \
                         VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___trace_bprintk_fmt) = .;

#define TRACEPOINT_STR() VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___tracepoint_str) = .;   \
                         KEEP(*(__tracepoint_str)) /* Trace_printk fmt' pointer */ \
                         VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___tracepoint_str) = .;
#else

#define TRACE_PRINTKS()

#define TRACEPOINT_STR()
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_SYSCALLS

#define TRACE_SYSCALLS() . = ALIGN(8);                                   \
                         VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_syscalls_metadata) = .; \
                         KEEP(*(__syscalls_metadata))                   \
                         VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_syscalls_metadata) = .;
#else

#define TRACE_SYSCALLS()
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_EARLYCON

#define EARLYCON_TABLE() STRUCT_ALIGN();                 \
                         VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__earlycon_table) = .;  \
                         KEEP(*(__earlycon_table))              \
                         VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__earlycon_table_end) = .;
#else

#define EARLYCON_TABLE()
#endif


#define ___OF_TABLE(cfg, name)	_OF_TABLE_##cfg(name)

#define __OF_TABLE(cfg, name)	___OF_TABLE(cfg, name)

#define OF_TABLE(cfg, name)	__OF_TABLE(IS_ENABLED(cfg), name)

#define _OF_TABLE_0(name)

#define _OF_TABLE_1(name)						\
	. = ALIGN(8);                                                   \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__##name##_of_table) = .;                        \
        KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table))                                    \
        KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table_end))


#define CLKSRC_OF_TABLES()	OF_TABLE(CONFIG_CLKSRC_OF, clksrc)

#define CLKEVT_OF_TABLES()	OF_TABLE(CONFIG_CLKEVT_OF, clkevt)

#define IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_IRQCHIP, irqchip)

#define CLK_OF_TABLES()		OF_TABLE(CONFIG_COMMON_CLK, clk)

#define IOMMU_OF_TABLES()	OF_TABLE(CONFIG_OF_IOMMU, iommu)

#define RESERVEDMEM_OF_TABLES()	OF_TABLE(CONFIG_OF_RESERVED_MEM, reservedmem)

#define CPU_METHOD_OF_TABLES()	OF_TABLE(CONFIG_SMP, cpu_method)

#define CPUIDLE_METHOD_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_CPU_IDLE, cpuidle_method)

#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI

#define ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(name)						\
	. = ALIGN(8);                                                   \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__##name##_acpi_probe_table) = .;                \
        KEEP(*(__##name##_acpi_probe_table))                            \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__##name##_acpi_probe_table_end) = .;
#else

#define ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(name)
#endif


#define KERNEL_DTB()							\
	STRUCT_ALIGN();                                                 \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__dtb_start) = .;                                \
        KEEP(*(.dtb.init.rodata))                                       \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__dtb_end) = .;

/*
 * .data section
 * LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION option enables -fdata-sections generates
 * .data.identifier which needs to be pulled in with .data, but don't want to
 * pull in .data..stuff which has its own requirements. Same for bss.
 */

#define DATA_DATA							\
	*(.data .data.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*)                                    \
        *(.ref.data)                                                    \
        *(.data..shared_aligned) /* percpu related */			\
        MEM_KEEP(init.data)                                             \
        MEM_KEEP(exit.data)                                             \
        *(.data.unlikely)                                               \
        STRUCT_ALIGN();                                                 \
        *(__tracepoints)                                                \
	/* implement dynamic printk debug */				\
        . = ALIGN(8);                                                   \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___jump_table) = .;                       \
        KEEP(*(__jump_table))                                           \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___jump_table) = .;                        \
        . = ALIGN(8);                                                   \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___verbose) = .;                          \
        KEEP(*(__verbose))                                              \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___verbose) = .;                           \
        LIKELY_PROFILE()                                                \
        BRANCH_PROFILE()                                                \
        TRACE_PRINTKS()                                                 \
        TRACEPOINT_STR()

/*
 * Data section helpers
 */

#define NOSAVE_DATA							\
	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);                                           \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__nosave_begin) = .;                             \
        *(.data..nosave)                                                \
        . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);                                           \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__nosave_end) = .;


#define PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA(page_align)					\
	. = ALIGN(page_align);                                          \
        *(.data..page_aligned)


#define READ_MOSTLY_DATA(align)						\
	. = ALIGN(align);                                               \
        *(.data..read_mostly)                                           \
        . = ALIGN(align);


#define CACHELINE_ALIGNED_DATA(align)					\
	. = ALIGN(align);                                               \
        *(.data..cacheline_aligned)


#define INIT_TASK_DATA(align)						\
	. = ALIGN(align);                                               \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_init_task) = .;                          \
        *(.data..init_task)                                             \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_init_task) = .;

/*
 * Allow architectures to handle ro_after_init data on their
 * own by defining an empty RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA.
 */
#ifndef RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA

#define RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA						\
	VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_ro_after_init) = .;                      \
        *(.data..ro_after_init)                                         \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_ro_after_init) = .;
#endif

/*
 * Read only Data
 */

#define RO_DATA_SECTION(align)						\
	. = ALIGN((align));                                             \
        .rodata           : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) {           \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_rodata) = .;                     \
                *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*)                                 \
                RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA	/* Read only after init */	\
                KEEP(*(__vermagic))	/* Kernel version magic */	\
                . = ALIGN(8);                                           \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___tracepoints_ptrs) = .;         \
                KEEP(*(__tracepoints_ptrs)) /* Tracepoints: pointer array */ \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___tracepoints_ptrs) = .;          \
                *(__tracepoints_strings)/* Tracepoints: strings */	\
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
        .rodata1          : AT(ADDR(.rodata1) - LOAD_OFFSET) {          \
                *(.rodata1)                                             \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* PCI quirks */						\
        .pci_fixup        : AT(ADDR(.pci_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) {        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_early) = .;           \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_early))                               \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_early) = .;             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_header) = .;          \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_header))                              \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_header) = .;            \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_final) = .;           \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_final))                               \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_final) = .;             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_enable) = .;          \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_enable))                              \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_enable) = .;            \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_resume) = .;          \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_resume))                              \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_resume) = .;            \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_resume_early) = .;    \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_resume_early))                        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_resume_early) = .;      \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_suspend) = .;         \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_suspend))                             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_suspend) = .;           \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_pci_fixups_suspend_late) = .;    \
                KEEP(*(.pci_fixup_suspend_late))                        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_pci_fixups_suspend_late) = .;      \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Built-in firmware blobs */					\
        .builtin_fw        : AT(ADDR(.builtin_fw) - LOAD_OFFSET) {      \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_builtin_fw) = .;                 \
                KEEP(*(.builtin_fw))                                    \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_builtin_fw) = .;                   \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
        TRACEDATA                                                       \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: Normal symbols */			\
        __ksymtab         : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab) - LOAD_OFFSET) {         \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___ksymtab) = .;                  \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab+*)))                             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___ksymtab) = .;                   \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only symbols */			\
        __ksymtab_gpl     : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) {     \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___ksymtab_gpl) = .;              \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab_gpl+*)))                         \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___ksymtab_gpl) = .;               \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: Normal unused symbols */		\
        __ksymtab_unused  : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_unused) - LOAD_OFFSET) {  \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___ksymtab_unused) = .;           \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab_unused+*)))                      \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___ksymtab_unused) = .;            \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only unused symbols */		\
        __ksymtab_unused_gpl : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_unused_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___ksymtab_unused_gpl) = .;       \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab_unused_gpl+*)))                  \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___ksymtab_unused_gpl) = .;        \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-future-only symbols */		\
        __ksymtab_gpl_future : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_gpl_future) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___ksymtab_gpl_future) = .;       \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab_gpl_future+*)))                  \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___ksymtab_gpl_future) = .;        \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: Normal symbols */			\
        __kcrctab         : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab) - LOAD_OFFSET) {         \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___kcrctab) = .;                  \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab+*)))                             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___kcrctab) = .;                   \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only symbols */			\
        __kcrctab_gpl     : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) {     \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___kcrctab_gpl) = .;              \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab_gpl+*)))                         \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___kcrctab_gpl) = .;               \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: Normal unused symbols */		\
        __kcrctab_unused  : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_unused) - LOAD_OFFSET) {  \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___kcrctab_unused) = .;           \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab_unused+*)))                      \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___kcrctab_unused) = .;            \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only unused symbols */		\
        __kcrctab_unused_gpl : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_unused_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___kcrctab_unused_gpl) = .;       \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab_unused_gpl+*)))                  \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___kcrctab_unused_gpl) = .;        \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: GPL-future-only symbols */		\
        __kcrctab_gpl_future : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_gpl_future) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___kcrctab_gpl_future) = .;       \
                KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab_gpl_future+*)))                  \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___kcrctab_gpl_future) = .;        \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Kernel symbol table: strings */				\
        __ksymtab_strings : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_strings) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
                *(__ksymtab_strings)                                    \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* __*init sections */						\
        __init_rodata : AT(ADDR(__init_rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) {         \
                *(.ref.rodata)                                          \
                MEM_KEEP(init.rodata)                                   \
                MEM_KEEP(exit.rodata)                                   \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Built-in module parameters. */				\
        __param : AT(ADDR(__param) - LOAD_OFFSET) {                     \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___param) = .;                    \
                KEEP(*(__param))                                        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___param) = .;                     \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
	/* Built-in module versions. */					\
        __modver : AT(ADDR(__modver) - LOAD_OFFSET) {                   \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___modver) = .;                   \
                KEEP(*(__modver))                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___modver) = .;                    \
                . = ALIGN((align));                                     \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_rodata) = .;                       \
        }                                                               \
        . = ALIGN((align));

/* RODATA & RO_DATA provided for backward compatibility.
 * All archs are supposed to use RO_DATA() */

#define RODATA          RO_DATA_SECTION(4096)

#define RO_DATA(align)  RO_DATA_SECTION(align)


#define SECURITY_INIT							\
	.security_initcall.init : AT(ADDR(.security_initcall.init) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__security_initcall_start) = .;          \
                KEEP(*(.security_initcall.init))                        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__security_initcall_end) = .;            \
        }

/* .text section. Map to function alignment to avoid address changes
 * during second ld run in second ld pass when generating System.map
 * LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION option enables -ffunction-sections generates
 * .text.identifier which needs to be pulled in with .text , but some
 * architectures define .text.foo which is not intended to be pulled in here.
 * Those enabling LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION must ensure they don't have
 * conflicting section names, and must pull in .text.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* */

#define TEXT_TEXT							\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                *(.text.hot .text .text.fixup .text.unlikely)           \
                *(.ref.text)                                            \
        MEM_KEEP(init.text)                                             \
        MEM_KEEP(exit.text)						\


/* sched.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same
 * address even at second ld pass when generating System.map */

#define SCHED_TEXT							\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__sched_text_start) = .;                 \
                *(.sched.text)                                          \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__sched_text_end) = .;

/* spinlock.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same
 * address even at second ld pass when generating System.map */

#define LOCK_TEXT							\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__lock_text_start) = .;                  \
                *(.spinlock.text)                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__lock_text_end) = .;


#define CPUIDLE_TEXT							\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__cpuidle_text_start) = .;               \
                *(.cpuidle.text)                                        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__cpuidle_text_end) = .;


#define KPROBES_TEXT							\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__kprobes_text_start) = .;               \
                *(.kprobes.text)                                        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__kprobes_text_end) = .;


#define ENTRY_TEXT							\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__entry_text_start) = .;                 \
                *(.entry.text)                                          \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__entry_text_end) = .;

#if defined(CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN)

#define IRQENTRY_TEXT							\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__irqentry_text_start) = .;              \
                *(.irqentry.text)                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__irqentry_text_end) = .;
#else

#define IRQENTRY_TEXT
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN)

#define SOFTIRQENTRY_TEXT						\
		ALIGN_FUNCTION();                                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__softirqentry_text_start) = .;          \
                *(.softirqentry.text)                                   \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__softirqentry_text_end) = .;
#else

#define SOFTIRQENTRY_TEXT
#endif

/* Section used for early init (in .S files) */

#define HEAD_TEXT  *(.head.text)


#define HEAD_TEXT_SECTION							\
	.head.text : AT(ADDR(.head.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) {               \
                HEAD_TEXT                                               \
        }

/*
 * Exception table
 */

#define EXCEPTION_TABLE(align)						\
	. = ALIGN(align);                                               \
        __ex_table : AT(ADDR(__ex_table) - LOAD_OFFSET) {               \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___ex_table) = .;                 \
                KEEP(*(__ex_table))                                     \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___ex_table) = .;                  \
        }

/*
 * Init task
 */

#define INIT_TASK_DATA_SECTION(align)					\
	. = ALIGN(align);                                               \
        .data..init_task :  AT(ADDR(.data..init_task) - LOAD_OFFSET) {  \
                INIT_TASK_DATA(align)                                   \
        }

#ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS

#define KERNEL_CTORS()	. = ALIGN(8);                      \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__ctors_start) = .; \
                        KEEP(*(.ctors))                    \
                        KEEP(*(SORT(.init_array.*)))       \
                        KEEP(*(.init_array))               \
                        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__ctors_end) = .;
#else

#define KERNEL_CTORS()
#endif

/* init and exit section handling */

#define INIT_DATA							\
	KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*)))                                      \
        *(.init.data)                                                   \
        MEM_DISCARD(init.data)                                          \
        KERNEL_CTORS()                                                  \
        MCOUNT_REC()                                                    \
        *(.init.rodata)                                                 \
        FTRACE_EVENTS()                                                 \
        TRACE_SYSCALLS()                                                \
        KPROBE_BLACKLIST()                                              \
        MEM_DISCARD(init.rodata)                                        \
        CLK_OF_TABLES()                                                 \
        RESERVEDMEM_OF_TABLES()                                         \
        CLKSRC_OF_TABLES()                                              \
        CLKEVT_OF_TABLES()                                              \
        IOMMU_OF_TABLES()                                               \
        CPU_METHOD_OF_TABLES()                                          \
        CPUIDLE_METHOD_OF_TABLES()                                      \
        KERNEL_DTB()                                                    \
        IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE()                                        \
        ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(irqchip)                                       \
        ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(clksrc)                                        \
        EARLYCON_TABLE()


#define INIT_TEXT							\
	*(.init.text)                                                   \
        *(.text.startup)                                                \
        MEM_DISCARD(init.text)


#define EXIT_DATA							\
	*(.exit.data)                                                   \
        *(.fini_array)                                                  \
        *(.dtors)                                                       \
        MEM_DISCARD(exit.data)                                          \
        MEM_DISCARD(exit.rodata)


#define EXIT_TEXT							\
	*(.exit.text)                                                   \
        *(.text.exit)                                                   \
        MEM_DISCARD(exit.text)


#define EXIT_CALL							\
	*(.exitcall.exit)

/*
 * bss (Block Started by Symbol) - uninitialized data
 * zeroed during startup
 */

#define SBSS(sbss_align)						\
	. = ALIGN(sbss_align);                                          \
        .sbss : AT(ADDR(.sbss) - LOAD_OFFSET) {                         \
                *(.sbss)                                                \
                *(.scommon)                                             \
        }

/*
 * Allow archectures to redefine BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS to add extra
 * sections to the front of bss.
 */
#ifndef BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS

#define BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS
#endif


#define BSS(bss_align)							\
	. = ALIGN(bss_align);                                           \
        .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - LOAD_OFFSET) {                           \
                BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS                                      \
                *(.bss..page_aligned)                                   \
                *(.dynbss)                                              \
                *(.bss .bss.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*)                              \
                *(COMMON)                                               \
        }

/*
 * DWARF debug sections.
 * Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to
 * the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0.
 */

#define DWARF_DEBUG							\
		/* DWARF 1 */						\
		.debug          0 : { *(.debug) }                       \
                .line           0 : { *(.line) }                        \
		/* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */				\
                .debug_srcinfo  0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) }               \
                .debug_sfnames  0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) }               \
		/* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */				\
                .debug_aranges  0 : { *(.debug_aranges) }               \
                .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) }              \
		/* DWARF 2 */						\
                .debug_info     0 : { *(.debug_info                     \
                                .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) }                   \
                .debug_abbrev   0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) }                \
                .debug_line     0 : { *(.debug_line) }                  \
                .debug_frame    0 : { *(.debug_frame) }                 \
                .debug_str      0 : { *(.debug_str) }                   \
                .debug_loc      0 : { *(.debug_loc) }                   \
                .debug_macinfo  0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) }               \
		/* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */			\
                .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) }            \
                .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) }            \
                .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) }            \
                .debug_varnames  0 : { *(.debug_varnames) }		\

		/* Stabs debugging sections.  */

#define STABS_DEBUG							\
		.stab 0 : { *(.stab) }                                  \
                .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) }                            \
                .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) }                        \
                .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) }                  \
                .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) }                      \
                .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) }                \
                .comment 0 : { *(.comment) }

#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG

#define BUG_TABLE							\
	. = ALIGN(8);                                                   \
        __bug_table : AT(ADDR(__bug_table) - LOAD_OFFSET) {             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start___bug_table) = .;                \
                KEEP(*(__bug_table))                                    \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop___bug_table) = .;                 \
        }
#else

#define BUG_TABLE
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PM_TRACE

#define TRACEDATA							\
	. = ALIGN(4);                                                   \
        .tracedata : AT(ADDR(.tracedata) - LOAD_OFFSET) {               \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__tracedata_start) = .;                  \
                KEEP(*(.tracedata))                                     \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__tracedata_end) = .;                    \
        }
#else

#define TRACEDATA
#endif


#define NOTES								\
	.notes : AT(ADDR(.notes) - LOAD_OFFSET) {                       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_notes) = .;                      \
                *(.note.*)                                              \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__stop_notes) = .;                       \
        }


#define INIT_SETUP(initsetup_align)					\
		. = ALIGN(initsetup_align);                             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__setup_start) = .;                      \
                KEEP(*(.init.setup))                                    \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__setup_end) = .;


#define INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(level)						\
		VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__initcall##level##_start) = .;          \
                KEEP(*(.initcall##level##.init))                        \
                KEEP(*(.initcall##level##s.init))                       \

#define INIT_CALLS                                                      \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__initcall_start) = .;                   \
                KEEP(*(.initcallearly.init))                            \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(0)                                     \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(1)                                     \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(2)                                     \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(3)                                     \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(4)                                     \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(5)                                     \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(rootfs)                                \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(6)                                     \
                INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(7)                                     \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__initcall_end) = .;


#define CON_INITCALL							\
		VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__con_initcall_start) = .;               \
                KEEP(*(.con_initcall.init))                             \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__con_initcall_end) = .;


#define SECURITY_INITCALL						\
		VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__security_initcall_start) = .;          \
                KEEP(*(.security_initcall.init))                        \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__security_initcall_end) = .;

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD

#define INIT_RAM_FS							\
	. = ALIGN(4);                                                   \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__initramfs_start) = .;                          \
        KEEP(*(.init.ramfs))                                            \
        . = ALIGN(8);                                                   \
        KEEP(*(.init.ramfs.info))
#else

#define INIT_RAM_FS
#endif

/*
 * Default discarded sections.
 *
 * Some archs want to discard exit text/data at runtime rather than
 * link time due to cross-section references such as alt instructions,
 * bug table, eh_frame, etc.  DISCARDS must be the last of output
 * section definitions so that such archs put those in earlier section
 * definitions.
 */

#define DISCARDS							\
	/DISCARD/ : {                                                   \
        EXIT_TEXT                                                       \
        EXIT_DATA                                                       \
        EXIT_CALL                                                       \
        *(.discard)                                                     \
        *(.discard.*)                                                   \
        }

/**
 * PERCPU_INPUT - the percpu input sections
 * @cacheline: cacheline size
 *
 * The core percpu section names and core symbols which do not rely
 * directly upon load addresses.
 *
 * @cacheline is used to align subsections to avoid false cacheline
 * sharing between subsections for different purposes.
 */

#define PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline)						\
	VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_start) = .;                            \
        *(.data..percpu..first)                                         \
        . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);                                           \
        *(.data..percpu..page_aligned)                                  \
        . = ALIGN(cacheline);                                           \
        *(.data..percpu..read_mostly)                                   \
        . = ALIGN(cacheline);                                           \
        *(.data..percpu)                                                \
        *(.data..percpu..shared_aligned)                                \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_end) = .;

/**
 * PERCPU_VADDR - define output section for percpu area
 * @cacheline: cacheline size
 * @vaddr: explicit base address (optional)
 * @phdr: destination PHDR (optional)
 *
 * Macro which expands to output section for percpu area.
 *
 * @cacheline is used to align subsections to avoid false cacheline
 * sharing between subsections for different purposes.
 *
 * If @vaddr is not blank, it specifies explicit base address and all
 * percpu symbols will be offset from the given address.  If blank,
 * @vaddr always equals @laddr + LOAD_OFFSET.
 *
 * @phdr defines the output PHDR to use if not blank.  Be warned that
 * output PHDR is sticky.  If @phdr is specified, the next output
 * section in the linker script will go there too.  @phdr should have
 * a leading colon.
 *
 * Note that this macros defines __per_cpu_load as an absolute symbol.
 * If there is no need to put the percpu section at a predetermined
 * address, use PERCPU_SECTION.
 */

#define PERCPU_VADDR(cacheline, vaddr, phdr)				\
	VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_load) = .;                             \
        .data..percpu vaddr : AT(VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_load)         \
                                - LOAD_OFFSET) {                        \
                PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline)                                 \
        } phdr                                                          \
        . = VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_load) + SIZEOF(.data..percpu);

/**
 * PERCPU_SECTION - define output section for percpu area, simple version
 * @cacheline: cacheline size
 *
 * Align to PAGE_SIZE and outputs output section for percpu area.  This
 * macro doesn't manipulate @vaddr or @phdr and __per_cpu_load and
 * __per_cpu_start will be identical.
 *
 * This macro is equivalent to ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); PERCPU_VADDR(@cacheline,,)
 * except that __per_cpu_load is defined as a relative symbol against
 * .data..percpu which is required for relocatable x86_32 configuration.
 */

#define PERCPU_SECTION(cacheline)					\
	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);                                           \
        .data..percpu   : AT(ADDR(.data..percpu) - LOAD_OFFSET) {       \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_load) = .;                     \
                PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline)                                 \
        }


/*
 * Definition of the high level *_SECTION macros
 * They will fit only a subset of the architectures
 */


/*
 * Writeable data.
 * All sections are combined in a single .data section.
 * The sections following CONSTRUCTORS are arranged so their
 * typical alignment matches.
 * A cacheline is typical/always less than a PAGE_SIZE so
 * the sections that has this restriction (or similar)
 * is located before the ones requiring PAGE_SIZE alignment.
 * NOSAVE_DATA starts and ends with a PAGE_SIZE alignment which
 * matches the requirement of PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA.
 *
 * use 0 as page_align if page_aligned data is not used */

#define RW_DATA_SECTION(cacheline, pagealigned, inittask)		\
	. = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE);                                           \
        .data : AT(ADDR(.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) {                         \
                INIT_TASK_DATA(inittask)                                \
                NOSAVE_DATA                                             \
                PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA(pagealigned)                          \
                CACHELINE_ALIGNED_DATA(cacheline)                       \
                READ_MOSTLY_DATA(cacheline)                             \
                DATA_DATA                                               \
                CONSTRUCTORS                                            \
        }                                                               \
        BUG_TABLE


#define INIT_TEXT_SECTION(inittext_align)				\
	. = ALIGN(inittext_align);                                      \
        .init.text : AT(ADDR(.init.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) {               \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(_sinittext) = .;                         \
                INIT_TEXT                                               \
                VMLINUX_SYMBOL(_einittext) = .;                         \
        }


#define INIT_DATA_SECTION(initsetup_align)				\
	.init.data : AT(ADDR(.init.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) {               \
                INIT_DATA                                               \
                INIT_SETUP(initsetup_align)                             \
                INIT_CALLS                                              \
                CON_INITCALL                                            \
                SECURITY_INITCALL                                       \
                INIT_RAM_FS                                             \
        }


#define BSS_SECTION(sbss_align, bss_align, stop_align)			\
	. = ALIGN(sbss_align);                                          \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__bss_start) = .;                                \
        SBSS(sbss_align)                                                \
        BSS(bss_align)                                                  \
        . = ALIGN(stop_align);                                          \
        VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__bss_stop) = .;

Overall Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Sam Ravnborg27032.65%1110.78%
Steven Rostedt718.59%76.86%
Nicholas Piggin414.96%32.94%
Rob Herring384.59%10.98%
Alexander Potapenko333.99%10.98%
Frédéric Weisbecker283.39%21.96%
Jan Beulich242.90%21.96%
Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso222.66%10.98%
Tejun Heo212.54%65.88%
Marc Zyngier202.42%10.98%
Kai Germaschewski182.18%43.92%
Lai Jiangshan172.06%10.98%
Masami Hiramatsu151.81%10.98%
Peter Oberparleiter151.81%10.98%
Peter Hurley151.81%10.98%
Tim Abbott111.33%43.92%
Heiko Carstens101.21%10.98%
Mike Frysinger101.21%21.96%
Dirk Brandewie101.21%10.98%
David Daney91.09%10.98%
Jeremy Fitzhardinge91.09%32.94%
Stephen Boyd70.85%10.98%
Marek Szyprowski60.73%10.98%
Andrew Morton60.73%21.96%
Alexander Kochetkov50.60%10.98%
Prasanna S. Panchamukhi50.60%10.98%
Fenghua Yu50.60%10.98%
Jiri Olsa50.60%10.98%
Prashant Gaikwad50.60%10.98%
Chris Metcalf50.60%10.98%
Daniel Lezcano50.60%10.98%
Will Deacon50.60%10.98%
Chris Wright40.48%10.98%
Zwane Mwaikambo40.48%10.98%
Arjan van de Ven40.48%10.98%
Pawel Moll40.48%10.98%
Stephen Warren40.48%10.98%
Thomas Petazzoni40.48%10.98%
Dmitriy Vyukov30.36%10.98%
Rusty Russell30.36%10.98%
Linus Torvalds20.24%10.98%
David Woodhouse20.24%21.96%
Andi Kleen20.24%10.98%
Mathieu Desnoyers20.24%21.96%
Greg Kroah-Hartman20.24%10.98%
Peter Zijlstra20.24%10.98%
Vivek Goyal10.12%10.98%
David Shaohua Li10.12%10.98%
Kees Cook10.12%10.98%
Denys Vlasenko10.12%10.98%
David Howells10.12%10.98%
Tom Zanussi10.12%10.98%
Kirill V Tkhai10.12%10.98%
Jakub Kiciński10.12%10.98%
Masahiro Yamada10.12%10.98%
Joerg Roedel10.12%10.98%
John Reiser10.12%10.98%
Yalin Wang10.12%10.98%
Roland McGrath10.12%10.98%
Zhengyu He10.12%10.98%
Jessica Yu10.12%10.98%
Lucas De Marchi10.12%10.98%
Borislav Petkov10.12%10.98%
Dmitry Torokhov10.12%10.98%
Jason Baron10.12%10.98%
Total827100.00%102100.00%
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