Release 4.12 include/linux/mm.h

#ifndef _LINUX_MM_H

#define _LINUX_MM_H

#include <linux/errno.h>

#ifdef __KERNEL__

#include <linux/mmdebug.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/mmzone.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <linux/range.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/percpu-refcount.h>
#include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
#include <linux/shrinker.h>
#include <linux/resource.h>
#include <linux/page_ext.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/page_ref.h>

struct mempolicy;
struct anon_vma;
struct anon_vma_chain;
struct file_ra_state;
struct user_struct;
struct writeback_control;
struct bdi_writeback;

void init_mm_internals(void);

#ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES	/* Don't use mapnrs, do it properly */
extern unsigned long max_mapnr;



static inline void set_max_mapnr(unsigned long limit)
{
	max_mapnr = limit;
}
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#else


static inline void set_max_mapnr(unsigned long limit) { }
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#endif

extern unsigned long totalram_pages;
extern void * high_memory;
extern int page_cluster;

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
extern int sysctl_legacy_va_layout;
#else

#define sysctl_legacy_va_layout 0
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
extern const int mmap_rnd_bits_min;
extern const int mmap_rnd_bits_max;
extern int mmap_rnd_bits __read_mostly;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_MMAP_RND_COMPAT_BITS
extern const int mmap_rnd_compat_bits_min;
extern const int mmap_rnd_compat_bits_max;
extern int mmap_rnd_compat_bits __read_mostly;
#endif

#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>

#ifndef __pa_symbol

#define __pa_symbol(x)  __pa(RELOC_HIDE((unsigned long)(x), 0))
#endif

#ifndef page_to_virt

#define page_to_virt(x)	__va(PFN_PHYS(page_to_pfn(x)))
#endif

#ifndef lm_alias

#define lm_alias(x)	__va(__pa_symbol(x))
#endif

/*
 * To prevent common memory management code establishing
 * a zero page mapping on a read fault.
 * This macro should be defined within <asm/pgtable.h>.
 * s390 does this to prevent multiplexing of hardware bits
 * related to the physical page in case of virtualization.
 */
#ifndef mm_forbids_zeropage

#define mm_forbids_zeropage(X)	(0)
#endif

/*
 * Default maximum number of active map areas, this limits the number of vmas
 * per mm struct. Users can overwrite this number by sysctl but there is a
 * problem.
 *
 * When a program's coredump is generated as ELF format, a section is created
 * per a vma. In ELF, the number of sections is represented in unsigned short.
 * This means the number of sections should be smaller than 65535 at coredump.
 * Because the kernel adds some informative sections to a image of program at
 * generating coredump, we need some margin. The number of extra sections is
 * 1-3 now and depends on arch. We use "5" as safe margin, here.
 *
 * ELF extended numbering allows more than 65535 sections, so 16-bit bound is
 * not a hard limit any more. Although some userspace tools can be surprised by
 * that.
 */

#define MAPCOUNT_ELF_CORE_MARGIN	(5)

#define DEFAULT_MAX_MAP_COUNT	(USHRT_MAX - MAPCOUNT_ELF_CORE_MARGIN)

extern int sysctl_max_map_count;

extern unsigned long sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes;
extern unsigned long sysctl_admin_reserve_kbytes;

extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
extern int sysctl_overcommit_ratio;
extern unsigned long sysctl_overcommit_kbytes;

extern int overcommit_ratio_handler(struct ctl_table *, int, void __user *,
				    size_t *, loff_t *);
extern int overcommit_kbytes_handler(struct ctl_table *, int, void __user *,
				    size_t *, loff_t *);


#define nth_page(page,n) pfn_to_page(page_to_pfn((page)) + (n))

/* to align the pointer to the (next) page boundary */

#define PAGE_ALIGN(addr) ALIGN(addr, PAGE_SIZE)

/* test whether an address (unsigned long or pointer) is aligned to PAGE_SIZE */

#define PAGE_ALIGNED(addr)	IS_ALIGNED((unsigned long)(addr), PAGE_SIZE)

/*
 * Linux kernel virtual memory manager primitives.
 * The idea being to have a "virtual" mm in the same way
 * we have a virtual fs - giving a cleaner interface to the
 * mm details, and allowing different kinds of memory mappings
 * (from shared memory to executable loading to arbitrary
 * mmap() functions).
 */

extern struct kmem_cache *vm_area_cachep;

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
extern struct rb_root nommu_region_tree;
extern struct rw_semaphore nommu_region_sem;

extern unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp);
#endif

/*
 * vm_flags in vm_area_struct, see mm_types.h.
 * When changing, update also include/trace/events/mmflags.h
 */

#define VM_NONE		0x00000000


#define VM_READ		0x00000001	
/* currently active flags */

#define VM_WRITE	0x00000002

#define VM_EXEC		0x00000004

#define VM_SHARED	0x00000008

/* mprotect() hardcodes VM_MAYREAD >> 4 == VM_READ, and so for r/w/x bits. */

#define VM_MAYREAD	0x00000010	
/* limits for mprotect() etc */

#define VM_MAYWRITE	0x00000020

#define VM_MAYEXEC	0x00000040

#define VM_MAYSHARE	0x00000080


#define VM_GROWSDOWN	0x00000100	
/* general info on the segment */

#define VM_UFFD_MISSING	0x00000200	
/* missing pages tracking */

#define VM_PFNMAP	0x00000400	
/* Page-ranges managed without "struct page", just pure PFN */

#define VM_DENYWRITE	0x00000800	
/* ETXTBSY on write attempts.. */

#define VM_UFFD_WP	0x00001000	
/* wrprotect pages tracking */


#define VM_LOCKED	0x00002000

#define VM_IO           0x00004000	
/* Memory mapped I/O or similar */

					/* Used by sys_madvise() */

#define VM_SEQ_READ	0x00008000	
/* App will access data sequentially */

#define VM_RAND_READ	0x00010000	
/* App will not benefit from clustered reads */


#define VM_DONTCOPY	0x00020000      
/* Do not copy this vma on fork */

#define VM_DONTEXPAND	0x00040000	
/* Cannot expand with mremap() */

#define VM_LOCKONFAULT	0x00080000	
/* Lock the pages covered when they are faulted in */

#define VM_ACCOUNT	0x00100000	
/* Is a VM accounted object */

#define VM_NORESERVE	0x00200000	
/* should the VM suppress accounting */

#define VM_HUGETLB	0x00400000	
/* Huge TLB Page VM */

#define VM_ARCH_1	0x01000000	
/* Architecture-specific flag */

#define VM_ARCH_2	0x02000000

#define VM_DONTDUMP	0x04000000	
/* Do not include in the core dump */

#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY

# define VM_SOFTDIRTY	0x08000000	
/* Not soft dirty clean area */
#else

# define VM_SOFTDIRTY	0
#endif


#define VM_MIXEDMAP	0x10000000	
/* Can contain "struct page" and pure PFN pages */

#define VM_HUGEPAGE	0x20000000	
/* MADV_HUGEPAGE marked this vma */

#define VM_NOHUGEPAGE	0x40000000	
/* MADV_NOHUGEPAGE marked this vma */

#define VM_MERGEABLE	0x80000000	
/* KSM may merge identical pages */

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_0	32	
/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_1	33	
/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_2	34	
/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_3	35	
/* bit only usable on 64-bit architectures */

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_0	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_0)

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_1	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_1)

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_2	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_2)

#define VM_HIGH_ARCH_3	BIT(VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_3)
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_USES_HIGH_VMA_FLAGS */

#if defined(CONFIG_X86)

# define VM_PAT		VM_ARCH_1	
/* PAT reserves whole VMA at once (x86) */
#if defined (CONFIG_X86_INTEL_MEMORY_PROTECTION_KEYS)

# define VM_PKEY_SHIFT	VM_HIGH_ARCH_BIT_0

# define VM_PKEY_BIT0	VM_HIGH_ARCH_0	
/* A protection key is a 4-bit value */

# define VM_PKEY_BIT1	VM_HIGH_ARCH_1

# define VM_PKEY_BIT2	VM_HIGH_ARCH_2

# define VM_PKEY_BIT3	VM_HIGH_ARCH_3
#endif
#elif defined(CONFIG_PPC)

# define VM_SAO		VM_ARCH_1	
/* Strong Access Ordering (powerpc) */
#elif defined(CONFIG_PARISC)

# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_ARCH_1
#elif defined(CONFIG_METAG)

# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_ARCH_1
#elif defined(CONFIG_IA64)

# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_ARCH_1
#elif !defined(CONFIG_MMU)

# define VM_MAPPED_COPY	VM_ARCH_1	
/* T if mapped copy of data (nommu mmap) */
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_X86)
/* MPX specific bounds table or bounds directory */

# define VM_MPX		VM_ARCH_2
#endif

#ifndef VM_GROWSUP

# define VM_GROWSUP	VM_NONE
#endif

/* Bits set in the VMA until the stack is in its final location */

#define VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP	(VM_RAND_READ | VM_SEQ_READ)

#ifndef VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS		/* arch can override this */

#define VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS VM_DATA_DEFAULT_FLAGS
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP

#define VM_STACK	VM_GROWSUP
#else

#define VM_STACK	VM_GROWSDOWN
#endif


#define VM_STACK_FLAGS	(VM_STACK | VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS | VM_ACCOUNT)

/*
 * Special vmas that are non-mergable, non-mlock()able.
 * Note: mm/huge_memory.c VM_NO_THP depends on this definition.
 */

#define VM_SPECIAL (VM_IO | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP | VM_MIXEDMAP)

/* This mask defines which mm->def_flags a process can inherit its parent */

#define VM_INIT_DEF_MASK	VM_NOHUGEPAGE

/* This mask is used to clear all the VMA flags used by mlock */

#define VM_LOCKED_CLEAR_MASK	(~(VM_LOCKED | VM_LOCKONFAULT))

/*
 * mapping from the currently active vm_flags protection bits (the
 * low four bits) to a page protection mask..
 */
extern pgprot_t protection_map[16];


#define FAULT_FLAG_WRITE	0x01	
/* Fault was a write access */

#define FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE	0x02	
/* Fault was mkwrite of existing pte */

#define FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY	0x04	
/* Retry fault if blocking */

#define FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT	0x08	
/* Don't drop mmap_sem and wait when retrying */

#define FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE	0x10	
/* The fault task is in SIGKILL killable region */

#define FAULT_FLAG_TRIED	0x20	
/* Second try */

#define FAULT_FLAG_USER		0x40	
/* The fault originated in userspace */

#define FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE	0x80	
/* faulting for non current tsk/mm */

#define FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION  0x100	
/* The fault was during an instruction fetch */


#define FAULT_FLAG_TRACE \
	{ FAULT_FLAG_WRITE,             "WRITE" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE,           "MKWRITE" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY,       "ALLOW_RETRY" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT,      "RETRY_NOWAIT" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE,          "KILLABLE" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_TRIED,             "TRIED" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_USER,              "USER" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE,            "REMOTE" }, \
        { FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION,       "INSTRUCTION" }

/*
 * vm_fault is filled by the the pagefault handler and passed to the vma's
 * ->fault function. The vma's ->fault is responsible for returning a bitmask
 * of VM_FAULT_xxx flags that give details about how the fault was handled.
 *
 * MM layer fills up gfp_mask for page allocations but fault handler might
 * alter it if its implementation requires a different allocation context.
 *
 * pgoff should be used in favour of virtual_address, if possible.
 */

struct vm_fault {
	
struct vm_area_struct *vma;	/* Target VMA */
	
unsigned int flags;		/* FAULT_FLAG_xxx flags */
	
gfp_t gfp_mask;			/* gfp mask to be used for allocations */
	
pgoff_t pgoff;			/* Logical page offset based on vma */
	
unsigned long address;		/* Faulting virtual address */
	
pmd_t *pmd;			/* Pointer to pmd entry matching
                                         * the 'address' */
	
pud_t *pud;			/* Pointer to pud entry matching
                                         * the 'address'
                                         */
	
pte_t orig_pte;			/* Value of PTE at the time of fault */

	
struct page *cow_page;		/* Page handler may use for COW fault */
	
struct mem_cgroup *memcg;	/* Cgroup cow_page belongs to */
	
struct page *page;		/* ->fault handlers should return a
                                         * page here, unless VM_FAULT_NOPAGE
                                         * is set (which is also implied by
                                         * VM_FAULT_ERROR).
                                         */
	/* These three entries are valid only while holding ptl lock */
	
pte_t *pte;			/* Pointer to pte entry matching
                                         * the 'address'. NULL if the page
                                         * table hasn't been allocated.
                                         */
	
spinlock_t *ptl;		/* Page table lock.
                                         * Protects pte page table if 'pte'
                                         * is not NULL, otherwise pmd.
                                         */
	
pgtable_t prealloc_pte;		/* Pre-allocated pte page table.
                                         * vm_ops->map_pages() calls
                                         * alloc_set_pte() from atomic context.
                                         * do_fault_around() pre-allocates
                                         * page table to avoid allocation from
                                         * atomic context.
                                         */
};

/* page entry size for vm->huge_fault() */

enum page_entry_size {
	
PE_SIZE_PTE = 0,
	
PE_SIZE_PMD,
	
PE_SIZE_PUD,
};

/*
 * These are the virtual MM functions - opening of an area, closing and
 * unmapping it (needed to keep files on disk up-to-date etc), pointer
 * to the functions called when a no-page or a wp-page exception occurs. 
 */

struct vm_operations_struct {
	
void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
	
void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
	
int (*mremap)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
	
int (*fault)(struct vm_fault *vmf);
	
int (*huge_fault)(struct vm_fault *vmf, enum page_entry_size pe_size);
	
void (*map_pages)(struct vm_fault *vmf,
			pgoff_t start_pgoff, pgoff_t end_pgoff);

	/* notification that a previously read-only page is about to become
         * writable, if an error is returned it will cause a SIGBUS */
	
int (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_fault *vmf);

	/* same as page_mkwrite when using VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP */
	
int (*pfn_mkwrite)(struct vm_fault *vmf);

	/* called by access_process_vm when get_user_pages() fails, typically
         * for use by special VMAs that can switch between memory and hardware
         */
	
int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
		      void *buf, int len, int write);

	/* Called by the /proc/PID/maps code to ask the vma whether it
         * has a special name.  Returning non-NULL will also cause this
         * vma to be dumped unconditionally. */
	
const char *(*name)(struct vm_area_struct *vma);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	/*
         * set_policy() op must add a reference to any non-NULL @new mempolicy
         * to hold the policy upon return.  Caller should pass NULL @new to
         * remove a policy and fall back to surrounding context--i.e. do not
         * install a MPOL_DEFAULT policy, nor the task or system default
         * mempolicy.
         */
	
int (*set_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *new);

	/*
         * get_policy() op must add reference [mpol_get()] to any policy at
         * (vma,addr) marked as MPOL_SHARED.  The shared policy infrastructure
         * in mm/mempolicy.c will do this automatically.
         * get_policy() must NOT add a ref if the policy at (vma,addr) is not
         * marked as MPOL_SHARED. vma policies are protected by the mmap_sem.
         * If no [shared/vma] mempolicy exists at the addr, get_policy() op
         * must return NULL--i.e., do not "fallback" to task or system default
         * policy.
         */
	
struct mempolicy *(*get_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
					unsigned long addr);
#endif
	/*
         * Called by vm_normal_page() for special PTEs to find the
         * page for @addr.  This is useful if the default behavior
         * (using pte_page()) would not find the correct page.
         */
	
struct page *(*find_special_page)(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
					  unsigned long addr);
};

struct mmu_gather;
struct inode;


#define page_private(page)		((page)->private)

#define set_page_private(page, v)	((page)->private = (v))

#if !defined(__HAVE_ARCH_PTE_DEVMAP) || !defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE)


static inline int pmd_devmap(pmd_t pmd)
{
	return 0;
}
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static inline int pud_devmap(pud_t pud)
{
	return 0;
}
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static inline int pgd_devmap(pgd_t pgd)
{
	return 0;
}
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#endif

/*
 * FIXME: take this include out, include page-flags.h in
 * files which need it (119 of them)
 */
#include <linux/page-flags.h>
#include <linux/huge_mm.h>

/*
 * Methods to modify the page usage count.
 *
 * What counts for a page usage:
 * - cache mapping   (page->mapping)
 * - private data    (page->private)
 * - page mapped in a task's page tables, each mapping
 *   is counted separately
 *
 * Also, many kernel routines increase the page count before a critical
 * routine so they can be sure the page doesn't go away from under them.
 */

/*
 * Drop a ref, return true if the refcount fell to zero (the page has no users)
 */


static inline int put_page_testzero(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) == 0, page);
	return page_ref_dec_and_test(page);
}

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/*
 * Try to grab a ref unless the page has a refcount of zero, return false if
 * that is the case.
 * This can be called when MMU is off so it must not access
 * any of the virtual mappings.
 */


static inline int get_page_unless_zero(struct page *page)
{
	return page_ref_add_unless(page, 1, 0);
}

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extern int page_is_ram(unsigned long pfn);

enum {
	
REGION_INTERSECTS,
	
REGION_DISJOINT,
	
REGION_MIXED,
};

int region_intersects(resource_size_t offset, size_t size, unsigned long flags,
		      unsigned long desc);

/* Support for virtually mapped pages */
struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *addr);
unsigned long vmalloc_to_pfn(const void *addr);

/*
 * Determine if an address is within the vmalloc range
 *
 * On nommu, vmalloc/vfree wrap through kmalloc/kfree directly, so there
 * is no special casing required.
 */


static inline bool is_vmalloc_addr(const void *x)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)x;

	return addr >= VMALLOC_START && addr < VMALLOC_END;
#else
	return false;
#endif
}
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#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
extern int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x);
#else


static inline int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x)
{
	return 0;
}
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#endif

extern void *kvmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node);


static inline void *kvmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	return kvmalloc_node(size, flags, NUMA_NO_NODE);
}
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static inline void *kvzalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
{
	return kvmalloc_node(size, flags | __GFP_ZERO, node);
}
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static inline void *kvzalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	return kvmalloc(size, flags | __GFP_ZERO);
}

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static inline void *kvmalloc_array(size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
	if (size != 0 && n > SIZE_MAX / size)
		return NULL;

	return kvmalloc(n * size, flags);
}

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extern void kvfree(const void *addr);



static inline atomic_t *compound_mapcount_ptr(struct page *page)
{
	return &page[1].compound_mapcount;
}

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static inline int compound_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageCompound(page), page);
	page = compound_head(page);
	return atomic_read(compound_mapcount_ptr(page)) + 1;
}

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/*
 * The atomic page->_mapcount, starts from -1: so that transitions
 * both from it and to it can be tracked, using atomic_inc_and_test
 * and atomic_add_negative(-1).
 */


static inline void page_mapcount_reset(struct page *page)
{
	atomic_set(&(page)->_mapcount, -1);
}

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int __page_mapcount(struct page *page);



static inline int page_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSlab(page), page);

	if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
		return __page_mapcount(page);
	return atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) + 1;
}

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Kirill A. Shutemov
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Andrea Arcangeli
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Yalin Wang
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#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
int total_mapcount(struct page *page);
int page_trans_huge_mapcount(struct page *page, int *total_mapcount);
#else


static inline int total_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
	return page_mapcount(page);
}
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static inline int page_trans_huge_mapcount(struct page *page,
					   int *total_mapcount)
{
	int mapcount = page_mapcount(page);
	if (total_mapcount)
		*total_mapcount = mapcount;
	return mapcount;
}
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#endif



static inline struct page *virt_to_head_page(const void *x)
{
	struct page *page = virt_to_page(x);

	return compound_head(page);
}

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Christoph Lameter
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void __put_page(struct page *page);

void put_pages_list(struct list_head *pages);

void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order);

/*
 * Compound pages have a destructor function.  Provide a
 * prototype for that function and accessor functions.
 * These are _only_ valid on the head of a compound page.
 */

typedef void compound_page_dtor(struct page *);

/* Keep the enum in sync with compound_page_dtors array in mm/page_alloc.c */

enum compound_dtor_id {
	
NULL_COMPOUND_DTOR,
	
COMPOUND_PAGE_DTOR,
#ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
	
HUGETLB_PAGE_DTOR,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
	
TRANSHUGE_PAGE_DTOR,
#endif
	
NR_COMPOUND_DTORS,
};
extern compound_page_dtor * const compound_page_dtors[];



static inline void set_compound_page_dtor(struct page *page,
		enum compound_dtor_id compound_dtor)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(compound_dtor >= NR_COMPOUND_DTORS, page);
	page[1].compound_dtor = compound_dtor;
}

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static inline compound_page_dtor *get_compound_page_dtor(struct page *page)
{
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page[1].compound_dtor >= NR_COMPOUND_DTORS, page);
	return compound_page_dtors[page[1].compound_dtor];
}

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static inline unsigned int compound_order(struct page *page)
{
	if (!PageHead(page))
		return 0;
	return page[1].compound_order;
}

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static inline void set_compound_order(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
	page[1].compound_order = order;
}

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void free_compound_page(struct page *page);

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
/*
 * Do pte_mkwrite, but only if the vma says VM_WRITE.  We do this when
 * servicing faults for write access.  In the normal case, do always want
 * pte_mkwrite.  But get_user_pages can cause write faults for mappings
 * that do not have writing enabled, when used by access_process_vm.
 */


static inline pte_t maybe_mkwrite(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	if (likely(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
		pte = pte_mkwrite(pte);
	return pte;
}

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int alloc_set_pte(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
		struct page *page);
int finish_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf);
int finish_mkwrite_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf);
#endif

/*
 * Multiple processes may "see" the same page. E.g. for untouched
 * mappings of /dev/null, all processes see the same page full of
 * zeroes, and text pages of executables and shared libraries have
 * only one copy in memory, at most, normally.
 *
 * For the non-reserved pages, page_count(page) denotes a reference count.
 *   page_count() == 0 means the page is free. page->lru is then used for
 *   freelist management in the buddy allocator.
 *   page_count() > 0  means the page has been allocated.
 *
 * Pages are allocated by the slab allocator in order to provide memory
 * to kmalloc and kmem_cache_alloc. In this case, the management of the
 * page, and the fields in 'struct page' are the responsibility of mm/slab.c
 * unless a particular usage is carefully commented. (the responsibility of
 * freeing the kmalloc memory is the caller's, of course).
 *
 * A page may be used by anyone else who does a __get_free_page().
 * In this case, page_count still tracks the references, and should only
 * be used through the normal accessor functions. The top bits of page->flags
 * and page->virtual store page management information, but all other fields
 * are unused and could be used privately, carefully. The management of this
 * page is the responsibility of the one who allocated it, and those who have
 * subsequently been given references to it.
 *
 * The other pages (we may call them "pagecache pages") are completely
 * managed by the Linux memory manager: I/O, buffers, swapping etc.
 * The following discussion applies only to them.
 *
 * A pagecache page contains an opaque `private' member, which belongs to the
 * page's address_space. Usually, this is the address of a circular list of
 * the page's disk buffers. PG_private must be set to tell the VM to call
 * into the filesystem to release these pages.
 *
 * A page may belong to an inode's memory mapping. In this case, page->mapping
 * is the pointer to the inode, and page->index is the file offset of the page,
 * in units of PAGE_SIZE.
 *
 * If pagecache pages are not associated with an inode, they are said to be
 * anonymous pages. These may become associated with the swapcache, and in that
 * case PG_swapcache is set, and page->private is an offset into the swapcache.
 *
 * In either case (swapcache or inode backed), the pagecache itself holds one
 * reference to the page. Setting PG_private should also increment the
 * refcount. The each user mapping also has a reference to the page.
 *
 * The pagecache pages are stored in a per-mapping radix tree, which is
 * rooted at mapping->page_tree, and indexed by offset.
 * Where 2.4 and early 2.6 kernels kept dirty/clean pages in per-address_space
 * lists, we instead now tag pages as dirty/writeback in the radix tree.
 *
 * All pagecache pages may be subject to I/O:
 * - inode pages may need to be read from disk,
 * - inode pages which have been modified and are MAP_SHARED may need
 *   to be written back to the inode on disk,
 * - anonymous pages (including MAP_PRIVATE file mappings) which have been
 *   modified may need to be swapped out to swap space and (later) to be read
 *   back into memory.
 */

/*
 * The zone field is never updated after free_area_init_core()
 * sets it, so none of the operations on it need to be atomic.
 */

/* Page flags: | [SECTION] | [NODE] | ZONE | [LAST_CPUPID] | ... | FLAGS | */

#define SECTIONS_PGOFF		((sizeof(unsigned long)*8) - SECTIONS_WIDTH)

#define NODES_PGOFF		(SECTIONS_PGOFF - NODES_WIDTH)

#define ZONES_PGOFF		(NODES_PGOFF - ZONES_WIDTH)

#define LAST_CPUPID_PGOFF	(ZONES_PGOFF - LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH)

/*
 * Define the bit shifts to access each section.  For non-existent
 * sections we define the shift as 0; that plus a 0 mask ensures
 * the compiler will optimise away reference to them.
 */

#define SECTIONS_PGSHIFT	(SECTIONS_PGOFF * (SECTIONS_WIDTH != 0))

#define NODES_PGSHIFT		(NODES_PGOFF * (NODES_WIDTH != 0))

#define ZONES_PGSHIFT		(ZONES_PGOFF * (ZONES_WIDTH != 0))

#define LAST_CPUPID_PGSHIFT	(LAST_CPUPID_PGOFF * (LAST_CPUPID_WIDTH != 0))

/* NODE:ZONE or SECTION:ZONE is used to ID a zone for the buddy allocator */
#ifdef NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS

#define ZONEID_SHIFT		(SECTIONS_SHIFT + ZONES_SHIFT)

#define ZONEID_PGOFF		((SECTIONS_PGOFF < ZONES_PGOFF)? \
                                                SECTIONS_PGOFF : ZONES_PGOFF)
#else

#define ZONEID_SHIFT		(NODES_SHIFT + ZONES_SHIFT)

#define ZONEID_PGOFF		((NODES_PGOFF < ZONES_PGOFF)? \
                                                NODES_PGOFF : ZONES_PGOFF)
#endif


#define ZONEID_PGSHIFT		(ZONEID_PGOFF * (ZONEID_SHIFT != 0))

#if SECTIONS_WIDTH+NODES_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#error SECTIONS_WIDTH+NODES_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#endif


#define ZONES_MASK		((1UL << ZONES_WIDTH) - 1)

#define NODES_MASK		((1UL << NODES_WIDTH) - 1)

#define SECTIONS_MASK		((1UL << SECTIONS_WIDTH) - 1)

#define LAST_CPUPID_MASK	((1UL << LAST_CPUPID_SHIFT) - 1)

#define ZONEID_MASK		((1UL << ZONEID_SHIFT) - 1)



static inline enum zone_type page_zonenum(const struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> ZONES_PGSHIFT) & ZONES_MASK;
}

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Andrew Morton
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#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE


static inline bool is_zone_device_page(const struct page *page)
{
	return page_zonenum(page) == ZONE_DEVICE;
}
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#else


static inline bool is_zone_device_page(const struct page *page)
{
	return false;
}
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#endif



static inline void get_page(struct page *page)
{
	page = compound_head(page);
	/*
         * Getting a normal page or the head of a compound page
         * requires to already have an elevated page->_refcount.
         */
	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_ref_count(page) <= 0, page);
	page_ref_inc(page);
}

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Dan J Williams
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JoonSoo Kim
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static inline void put_page(struct page *page)
{
	page = compound_head(page);

	if (put_page_testzero(page))
		__put_page(page);
}

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#if defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM) && !defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP)

#define SECTION_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
#endif

/*
 * The identification function is mainly used by the buddy allocator for
 * determining if two pages could be buddies. We are not really identifying
 * the zone since we could be using the section number id if we do not have
 * node id available in page flags.
 * We only guarantee that it will return the same value for two combinable
 * pages in a zone.
 */


static inline int page_zone_id(struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> ZONEID_PGSHIFT) & ZONEID_MASK;
}

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Andy Whitcroft
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static inline int zone_to_nid(struct zone *zone)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	return zone->node;
#else
	return 0;
#endif
}

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Christoph Lameter
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#ifdef NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
extern int page_to_nid(const struct page *page);
#else


static inline int page_to_nid(const struct page *page)
{
	return (page->flags >> NODES_PGSHIFT) & NODES_MASK;
}
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Andrew Morton
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Dave Hansen
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#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING


static inline int cpu_pid_to_cpupid(int cpu, int pid)
{
	return ((cpu & LAST__CPU_MASK) << LAST__PID_SHIFT) | (pid & LAST__PID_MASK);
}

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Mel Gorman
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static inline int cpupid_to_pid(int cpupid)
{
	return cpupid & LAST__PID_MASK;
}

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static inline int cpupid_to_cpu(int cpupid)
{
	return (cpupid >> LAST__PID_SHIFT) & LAST__CPU_MASK;
}

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Mel Gorman
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static inline int cpupid_to_nid(int cpupid)
{
	return cpu_to_node(cpupid_to_cpu(cpupid));
}

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static inline bool cpupid_pid_unset(int cpupid)
{
	return cpupid_to_pid