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Release 4.13 lib/refcount.c

Directory: lib
/*
 * Variant of atomic_t specialized for reference counts.
 *
 * The interface matches the atomic_t interface (to aid in porting) but only
 * provides the few functions one should use for reference counting.
 *
 * It differs in that the counter saturates at UINT_MAX and will not move once
 * there. This avoids wrapping the counter and causing 'spurious'
 * use-after-free issues.
 *
 * Memory ordering rules are slightly relaxed wrt regular atomic_t functions
 * and provide only what is strictly required for refcounts.
 *
 * The increments are fully relaxed; these will not provide ordering. The
 * rationale is that whatever is used to obtain the object we're increasing the
 * reference count on will provide the ordering. For locked data structures,
 * its the lock acquire, for RCU/lockless data structures its the dependent
 * load.
 *
 * Do note that inc_not_zero() provides a control dependency which will order
 * future stores against the inc, this ensures we'll never modify the object
 * if we did not in fact acquire a reference.
 *
 * The decrements will provide release order, such that all the prior loads and
 * stores will be issued before, it also provides a control dependency, which
 * will order us against the subsequent free().
 *
 * The control dependency is against the load of the cmpxchg (ll/sc) that
 * succeeded. This means the stores aren't fully ordered, but this is fine
 * because the 1->0 transition indicates no concurrency.
 *
 * Note that the allocator is responsible for ordering things between free()
 * and alloc().
 *
 */

#include <linux/refcount.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL

/**
 * refcount_add_not_zero - add a value to a refcount unless it is 0
 * @i: the value to add to the refcount
 * @r: the refcount
 *
 * Will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN.
 *
 * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the
 * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency
 * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top.
 *
 * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting
 * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time.  In these
 * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to
 * increment a reference count.
 *
 * Return: false if the passed refcount is 0, true otherwise
 */

bool refcount_add_not_zero(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r) { unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); do { if (!val) return false; if (unlikely(val == UINT_MAX)) return true; new = val + i; if (new < val) new = UINT_MAX; } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&r->refs, &val, new)); WARN_ONCE(new == UINT_MAX, "refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory.\n"); return true; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra9498.95%266.67%
Ingo Molnar11.05%133.33%
Total95100.00%3100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_add_not_zero); /** * refcount_add - add a value to a refcount * @i: the value to add to the refcount * @r: the refcount * * Similar to atomic_add(), but will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN. * * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. * * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these * cases, refcount_inc(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to * increment a reference count. */
void refcount_add(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r) { WARN_ONCE(!refcount_add_not_zero(i, r), "refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.\n"); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra2596.15%150.00%
Ingo Molnar13.85%150.00%
Total26100.00%2100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_add); /** * refcount_inc_not_zero - increment a refcount unless it is 0 * @r: the refcount to increment * * Similar to atomic_inc_not_zero(), but will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN. * * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller has guaranteed the * object memory to be stable (RCU, etc.). It does provide a control dependency * and thereby orders future stores. See the comment on top. * * Return: true if the increment was successful, false otherwise */
bool refcount_inc_not_zero(refcount_t *r) { unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); do { new = val + 1; if (!val) return false; if (unlikely(!new)) return true; } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_relaxed(&r->refs, &val, new)); WARN_ONCE(new == UINT_MAX, "refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory.\n"); return true; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra7998.75%266.67%
Ingo Molnar11.25%133.33%
Total80100.00%3100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_inc_not_zero); /** * refcount_inc - increment a refcount * @r: the refcount to increment * * Similar to atomic_inc(), but will saturate at UINT_MAX and WARN. * * Provides no memory ordering, it is assumed the caller already has a * reference on the object. * * Will WARN if the refcount is 0, as this represents a possible use-after-free * condition. */
void refcount_inc(refcount_t *r) { WARN_ONCE(!refcount_inc_not_zero(r), "refcount_t: increment on 0; use-after-free.\n"); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra1995.00%150.00%
Ingo Molnar15.00%150.00%
Total20100.00%2100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_inc); /** * refcount_sub_and_test - subtract from a refcount and test if it is 0 * @i: amount to subtract from the refcount * @r: the refcount * * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), but it will WARN, return false and * ultimately leak on underflow and will fail to decrement when saturated * at UINT_MAX. * * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after. * See the comment on top. * * Use of this function is not recommended for the normal reference counting * use case in which references are taken and released one at a time. In these * cases, refcount_dec(), or one of its variants, should instead be used to * decrement a reference count. * * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise */
bool refcount_sub_and_test(unsigned int i, refcount_t *r) { unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); do { if (unlikely(val == UINT_MAX)) return false; new = val - i; if (new > val) { WARN_ONCE(new > val, "refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n"); return false; } } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_release(&r->refs, &val, new)); return !new; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra8898.88%266.67%
Ingo Molnar11.12%133.33%
Total89100.00%3100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_sub_and_test); /** * refcount_dec_and_test - decrement a refcount and test if it is 0 * @r: the refcount * * Similar to atomic_dec_and_test(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to * decrement when saturated at UINT_MAX. * * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after. * See the comment on top. * * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise */
bool refcount_dec_and_test(refcount_t *r) { return refcount_sub_and_test(1, r); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra17100.00%1100.00%
Total17100.00%1100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec_and_test); /** * refcount_dec - decrement a refcount * @r: the refcount * * Similar to atomic_dec(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to decrement * when saturated at UINT_MAX. * * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done * before. */
void refcount_dec(refcount_t *r) { WARN_ONCE(refcount_dec_and_test(r), "refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory.\n"); }

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PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra1894.74%150.00%
Ingo Molnar15.26%150.00%
Total19100.00%2100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec); #endif /* CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL */ /** * refcount_dec_if_one - decrement a refcount if it is 1 * @r: the refcount * * No atomic_t counterpart, it attempts a 1 -> 0 transition and returns the * success thereof. * * Like all decrement operations, it provides release memory order and provides * a control dependency. * * It can be used like a try-delete operator; this explicit case is provided * and not cmpxchg in generic, because that would allow implementing unsafe * operations. * * Return: true if the resulting refcount is 0, false otherwise */
bool refcount_dec_if_one(refcount_t *r) { int val = 1; return atomic_try_cmpxchg_release(&r->refs, &val, 0); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra28100.00%2100.00%
Total28100.00%2100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec_if_one); /** * refcount_dec_not_one - decrement a refcount if it is not 1 * @r: the refcount * * No atomic_t counterpart, it decrements unless the value is 1, in which case * it will return false. * * Was often done like: atomic_add_unless(&var, -1, 1) * * Return: true if the decrement operation was successful, false otherwise */
bool refcount_dec_not_one(refcount_t *r) { unsigned int new, val = atomic_read(&r->refs); do { if (unlikely(val == UINT_MAX)) return true; if (val == 1) return false; new = val - 1; if (new > val) { WARN_ONCE(new > val, "refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free.\n"); return true; } } while (!atomic_try_cmpxchg_release(&r->refs, &val, new)); return true; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra9298.92%266.67%
Ingo Molnar11.08%133.33%
Total93100.00%3100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec_not_one); /** * refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock - return holding mutex if able to decrement * refcount to 0 * @r: the refcount * @lock: the mutex to be locked * * Similar to atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(), it will WARN on underflow and fail * to decrement when saturated at UINT_MAX. * * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after. * See the comment on top. * * Return: true and hold mutex if able to decrement refcount to 0, false * otherwise */
bool refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock(refcount_t *r, struct mutex *lock) { if (refcount_dec_not_one(r)) return false; mutex_lock(lock); if (!refcount_dec_and_test(r)) { mutex_unlock(lock); return false; } return true; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra50100.00%1100.00%
Total50100.00%1100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec_and_mutex_lock); /** * refcount_dec_and_lock - return holding spinlock if able to decrement * refcount to 0 * @r: the refcount * @lock: the spinlock to be locked * * Similar to atomic_dec_and_lock(), it will WARN on underflow and fail to * decrement when saturated at UINT_MAX. * * Provides release memory ordering, such that prior loads and stores are done * before, and provides a control dependency such that free() must come after. * See the comment on top. * * Return: true and hold spinlock if able to decrement refcount to 0, false * otherwise */
bool refcount_dec_and_lock(refcount_t *r, spinlock_t *lock) { if (refcount_dec_not_one(r)) return false; spin_lock(lock); if (!refcount_dec_and_test(r)) { spin_unlock(lock); return false; } return true; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra49100.00%1100.00%
Total49100.00%1100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(refcount_dec_and_lock);

Overall Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Peter Zijlstra61094.57%233.33%
David Windsor111.71%116.67%
Greg Kroah-Hartman111.71%116.67%
Ingo Molnar71.09%116.67%
Kees Cook60.93%116.67%
Total645100.00%6100.00%
Directory: lib
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