cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.14 fs/direct-io.c

Directory: fs
/*
 * fs/direct-io.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds.
 *
 * O_DIRECT
 *
 * 04Jul2002    Andrew Morton
 *              Initial version
 * 11Sep2002    janetinc@us.ibm.com
 *              added readv/writev support.
 * 29Oct2002    Andrew Morton
 *              rewrote bio_add_page() support.
 * 30Oct2002    pbadari@us.ibm.com
 *              added support for non-aligned IO.
 * 06Nov2002    pbadari@us.ibm.com
 *              added asynchronous IO support.
 * 21Jul2003    nathans@sgi.com
 *              added IO completion notifier.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/uio.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/prefetch.h>

/*
 * How many user pages to map in one call to get_user_pages().  This determines
 * the size of a structure in the slab cache
 */

#define DIO_PAGES	64

/*
 * Flags for dio_complete()
 */

#define DIO_COMPLETE_ASYNC		0x01	
/* This is async IO */

#define DIO_COMPLETE_INVALIDATE		0x02	
/* Can invalidate pages */

/*
 * This code generally works in units of "dio_blocks".  A dio_block is
 * somewhere between the hard sector size and the filesystem block size.  it
 * is determined on a per-invocation basis.   When talking to the filesystem
 * we need to convert dio_blocks to fs_blocks by scaling the dio_block quantity
 * down by dio->blkfactor.  Similarly, fs-blocksize quantities are converted
 * to bio_block quantities by shifting left by blkfactor.
 *
 * If blkfactor is zero then the user's request was aligned to the filesystem's
 * blocksize.
 */

/* dio_state only used in the submission path */


struct dio_submit {
	
struct bio *bio;		/* bio under assembly */
	
unsigned blkbits;		/* doesn't change */
	
unsigned blkfactor;		/* When we're using an alignment which
                                           is finer than the filesystem's soft
                                           blocksize, this specifies how much
                                           finer.  blkfactor=2 means 1/4-block
                                           alignment.  Does not change */
	
unsigned start_zero_done;	/* flag: sub-blocksize zeroing has
                                           been performed at the start of a
                                           write */
	
int pages_in_io;		/* approximate total IO pages */
	
sector_t block_in_file;		/* Current offset into the underlying
                                           file in dio_block units. */
	
unsigned blocks_available;	/* At block_in_file.  changes */
	
int reap_counter;		/* rate limit reaping */
	
sector_t final_block_in_request;/* doesn't change */
	
int boundary;			/* prev block is at a boundary */
	
get_block_t *get_block;		/* block mapping function */
	
dio_submit_t *submit_io;	/* IO submition function */

	
loff_t logical_offset_in_bio;	/* current first logical block in bio */
	
sector_t final_block_in_bio;	/* current final block in bio + 1 */
	
sector_t next_block_for_io;	/* next block to be put under IO,
                                           in dio_blocks units */

	/*
         * Deferred addition of a page to the dio.  These variables are
         * private to dio_send_cur_page(), submit_page_section() and
         * dio_bio_add_page().
         */
	
struct page *cur_page;		/* The page */
	
unsigned cur_page_offset;	/* Offset into it, in bytes */
	
unsigned cur_page_len;		/* Nr of bytes at cur_page_offset */
	
sector_t cur_page_block;	/* Where it starts */
	
loff_t cur_page_fs_offset;	/* Offset in file */

	
struct iov_iter *iter;
	/*
         * Page queue.  These variables belong to dio_refill_pages() and
         * dio_get_page().
         */
	
unsigned head;			/* next page to process */
	
unsigned tail;			/* last valid page + 1 */
	

size_t from, to;
};

/* dio_state communicated between submission path and end_io */

struct dio {
	
int flags;			/* doesn't change */
	
int op;
	
int op_flags;
	
blk_qc_t bio_cookie;
	
struct gendisk *bio_disk;
	
struct inode *inode;
	
loff_t i_size;			/* i_size when submitted */
	
dio_iodone_t *end_io;		/* IO completion function */

	
void *private;			/* copy from map_bh.b_private */

	/* BIO completion state */
	
spinlock_t bio_lock;		/* protects BIO fields below */
	
int page_errors;		/* errno from get_user_pages() */
	
int is_async;			/* is IO async ? */
	
bool defer_completion;		/* defer AIO completion to workqueue? */
	
bool should_dirty;		/* if pages should be dirtied */
	
int io_error;			/* IO error in completion path */
	
unsigned long refcount;		/* direct_io_worker() and bios */
	
struct bio *bio_list;		/* singly linked via bi_private */
	
struct task_struct *waiter;	/* waiting task (NULL if none) */

	/* AIO related stuff */
	
struct kiocb *iocb;		/* kiocb */
	
ssize_t result;                 /* IO result */

	/*
         * pages[] (and any fields placed after it) are not zeroed out at
         * allocation time.  Don't add new fields after pages[] unless you
         * wish that they not be zeroed.
         */
	union {
		
struct page *pages[DIO_PAGES];	/* page buffer */
		
struct work_struct complete_work;/* deferred AIO completion */
	};

} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;


static struct kmem_cache *dio_cache __read_mostly;

/*
 * How many pages are in the queue?
 */

static inline unsigned dio_pages_present(struct dio_submit *sdio) { return sdio->tail - sdio->head; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton1780.95%266.67%
Andi Kleen419.05%133.33%
Total21100.00%3100.00%

/* * Go grab and pin some userspace pages. Typically we'll get 64 at a time. */
static inline int dio_refill_pages(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio) { ssize_t ret; ret = iov_iter_get_pages(sdio->iter, dio->pages, LONG_MAX, DIO_PAGES, &sdio->from); if (ret < 0 && sdio->blocks_available && (dio->op == REQ_OP_WRITE)) { struct page *page = ZERO_PAGE(0); /* * A memory fault, but the filesystem has some outstanding * mapped blocks. We need to use those blocks up to avoid * leaking stale data in the file. */ if (dio->page_errors == 0) dio->page_errors = ret; get_page(page); dio->pages[0] = page; sdio->head = 0; sdio->tail = 1; sdio->from = 0; sdio->to = PAGE_SIZE; return 0; } if (ret >= 0) { iov_iter_advance(sdio->iter, ret); ret += sdio->from; sdio->head = 0; sdio->tail = (ret + PAGE_SIZE - 1) / PAGE_SIZE; sdio->to = ((ret - 1) & (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) + 1; return 0; } return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton10553.30%327.27%
Al Viro5728.93%19.09%
Nicholas Piggin157.61%218.18%
Andi Kleen147.11%218.18%
Michael Christie31.52%19.09%
Miklos Szeredi21.02%19.09%
Kirill A. Shutemov10.51%19.09%
Total197100.00%11100.00%

/* * Get another userspace page. Returns an ERR_PTR on error. Pages are * buffered inside the dio so that we can call get_user_pages() against a * decent number of pages, less frequently. To provide nicer use of the * L1 cache. */
static inline struct page *dio_get_page(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio) { if (dio_pages_present(sdio) == 0) { int ret; ret = dio_refill_pages(dio, sdio); if (ret) return ERR_PTR(ret); BUG_ON(dio_pages_present(sdio) == 0); } return dio->pages[sdio->head]; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton5981.94%125.00%
Andi Kleen1013.89%250.00%
Boaz Harrosh34.17%125.00%
Total72100.00%4100.00%

/** * dio_complete() - called when all DIO BIO I/O has been completed * @offset: the byte offset in the file of the completed operation * * This drops i_dio_count, lets interested parties know that a DIO operation * has completed, and calculates the resulting return code for the operation. * * It lets the filesystem know if it registered an interest earlier via * get_block. Pass the private field of the map buffer_head so that * filesystems can use it to hold additional state between get_block calls and * dio_complete. */
static ssize_t dio_complete(struct dio *dio, ssize_t ret, unsigned int flags) { loff_t offset = dio->iocb->ki_pos; ssize_t transferred = 0; int err; /* * AIO submission can race with bio completion to get here while * expecting to have the last io completed by bio completion. * In that case -EIOCBQUEUED is in fact not an error we want * to preserve through this call. */ if (ret == -EIOCBQUEUED) ret = 0; if (dio->result) { transferred = dio->result; /* Check for short read case */ if ((dio->op == REQ_OP_READ) && ((offset + transferred) > dio->i_size)) transferred = dio->i_size - offset; /* ignore EFAULT if some IO has been done */ if (unlikely(ret == -EFAULT) && transferred) ret = 0; } if (ret == 0) ret = dio->page_errors; if (ret == 0) ret = dio->io_error; if (ret == 0) ret = transferred; if (dio->end_io) { // XXX: ki_pos?? err = dio->end_io(dio->iocb, offset, ret, dio->private); if (err) ret = err; } /* * Try again to invalidate clean pages which might have been cached by * non-direct readahead, or faulted in by get_user_pages() if the source * of the write was an mmap'ed region of the file we're writing. Either * one is a pretty crazy thing to do, so we don't support it 100%. If * this invalidation fails, tough, the write still worked... * * And this page cache invalidation has to be after dio->end_io(), as * some filesystems convert unwritten extents to real allocations in * end_io() when necessary, otherwise a racing buffer read would cache * zeros from unwritten extents. */ if (flags & DIO_COMPLETE_INVALIDATE && ret > 0 && dio->op == REQ_OP_WRITE && dio->inode->i_mapping->nrpages) { err = invalidate_inode_pages2_range(dio->inode->i_mapping, offset >> PAGE_SHIFT, (offset + ret - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT); WARN_ON_ONCE(err); } if (!(dio->flags & DIO_SKIP_DIO_COUNT)) inode_dio_end(dio->inode); if (flags & DIO_COMPLETE_ASYNC) { /* * generic_write_sync expects ki_pos to have been updated * already, but the submission path only does this for * synchronous I/O. */ dio->iocb->ki_pos += transferred; if (dio->op == REQ_OP_WRITE) ret = generic_write_sync(dio->iocb, transferred); dio->iocb->ki_complete(dio->iocb, ret, 0); } kmem_cache_free(dio_cache, dio); return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Hellwig9831.11%738.89%
Zach Brown6420.32%211.11%
Lukas Czerner6019.05%211.11%
Eryu Guan3711.75%15.56%
Al Viro175.40%15.56%
Stephen Lord165.08%15.56%
Jens Axboe103.17%15.56%
Jan Kara61.90%15.56%
Michael Christie51.59%15.56%
Edward Shishkin20.63%15.56%
Total315100.00%18100.00%


static void dio_aio_complete_work(struct work_struct *work) { struct dio *dio = container_of(work, struct dio, complete_work); dio_complete(dio, 0, DIO_COMPLETE_ASYNC | DIO_COMPLETE_INVALIDATE); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Hellwig3491.89%150.00%
Lukas Czerner38.11%150.00%
Total37100.00%2100.00%

static blk_status_t dio_bio_complete(struct dio *dio, struct bio *bio); /* * Asynchronous IO callback. */
static void dio_bio_end_aio(struct bio *bio) { struct dio *dio = bio->bi_private; unsigned long remaining; unsigned long flags; bool defer_completion = false; /* cleanup the bio */ dio_bio_complete(dio, bio); spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags); remaining = --dio->refcount; if (remaining == 1 && dio->waiter) wake_up_process(dio->waiter); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags); if (remaining == 0) { /* * Defer completion when defer_completion is set or * when the inode has pages mapped and this is AIO write. * We need to invalidate those pages because there is a * chance they contain stale data in the case buffered IO * went in between AIO submission and completion into the * same region. */ if (dio->result) defer_completion = dio->defer_completion || (dio->op == REQ_OP_WRITE && dio->inode->i_mapping->nrpages); if (defer_completion) { INIT_WORK(&dio->complete_work, dio_aio_complete_work); queue_work(dio->inode->i_sb->s_dio_done_wq, &dio->complete_work); } else { dio_complete(dio, 0, DIO_COMPLETE_ASYNC); } } }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Zach Brown6840.96%444.44%
Christoph Hellwig4124.70%111.11%
Lukas Czerner2917.47%222.22%
Andrew Morton2716.27%111.11%
Neil Brown10.60%111.11%
Total166100.00%9100.00%

/* * The BIO completion handler simply queues the BIO up for the process-context * handler. * * During I/O bi_private points at the dio. After I/O, bi_private is used to * implement a singly-linked list of completed BIOs, at dio->bio_list. */
static void dio_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio) { struct dio *dio = bio->bi_private; unsigned long flags; spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags); bio->bi_private = dio->bio_list; dio->bio_list = bio; if (--dio->refcount == 1 && dio->waiter) wake_up_process(dio->waiter); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton7292.31%457.14%
Zach Brown56.41%228.57%
Neil Brown11.28%114.29%
Total78100.00%7100.00%

/** * dio_end_io - handle the end io action for the given bio * @bio: The direct io bio thats being completed * * This is meant to be called by any filesystem that uses their own dio_submit_t * so that the DIO specific endio actions are dealt with after the filesystem * has done it's completion work. */
void dio_end_io(struct bio *bio) { struct dio *dio = bio->bi_private; if (dio->is_async) dio_bio_end_aio(bio); else dio_bio_end_io(bio); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Josef Bacik36100.00%1100.00%
Total36100.00%1100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dio_end_io);
static inline void dio_bio_alloc(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, struct block_device *bdev, sector_t first_sector, int nr_vecs) { struct bio *bio; /* * bio_alloc() is guaranteed to return a bio when called with * __GFP_RECLAIM and we request a valid number of vectors. */ bio = bio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, nr_vecs); bio_set_dev(bio, bdev); bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = first_sector; bio_set_op_attrs(bio, dio->op, dio->op_flags); if (dio->is_async) bio->bi_end_io = dio_bio_end_aio; else bio->bi_end_io = dio_bio_end_io; bio->bi_write_hint = dio->iocb->ki_hint; sdio->bio = bio; sdio->logical_offset_in_bio = sdio->cur_page_fs_offset; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton6859.65%216.67%
Michael Christie1311.40%216.67%
Jens Axboe108.77%18.33%
Andi Kleen97.89%216.67%
Josef Bacik65.26%18.33%
Christoph Hellwig43.51%18.33%
Kent Overstreet21.75%18.33%
Dave Dillow10.88%18.33%
Mel Gorman10.88%18.33%
Total114100.00%12100.00%

/* * In the AIO read case we speculatively dirty the pages before starting IO. * During IO completion, any of these pages which happen to have been written * back will be redirtied by bio_check_pages_dirty(). * * bios hold a dio reference between submit_bio and ->end_io. */
static inline void dio_bio_submit(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio) { struct bio *bio = sdio->bio; unsigned long flags; bio->bi_private = dio; spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags); dio->refcount++; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags); if (dio->is_async && dio->op == REQ_OP_READ && dio->should_dirty) bio_set_pages_dirty(bio); dio->bio_disk = bio->bi_disk; if (sdio->submit_io) { sdio->submit_io(bio, dio->inode, sdio->logical_offset_in_bio); dio->bio_cookie = BLK_QC_T_NONE; } else dio->bio_cookie = submit_bio(bio); sdio->bio = NULL; sdio->boundary = 0; sdio->logical_offset_in_bio = 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton6141.50%428.57%
Josef Bacik2416.33%17.14%
Zach Brown2315.65%214.29%
Jens Axboe1812.24%214.29%
Andi Kleen138.84%214.29%
Ming Lei42.72%17.14%
Michael Christie21.36%17.14%
Christoph Hellwig21.36%17.14%
Total147100.00%14100.00%

/* * Release any resources in case of a failure */
static inline void dio_cleanup(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio) { while (sdio->head < sdio->tail) put_page(dio->pages[sdio->head++]); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton1845.00%120.00%
Al Viro1332.50%120.00%
Andi Kleen820.00%240.00%
Kirill A. Shutemov12.50%120.00%
Total40100.00%5100.00%

/* * Wait for the next BIO to complete. Remove it and return it. NULL is * returned once all BIOs have been completed. This must only be called once * all bios have been issued so that dio->refcount can only decrease. This * requires that that the caller hold a reference on the dio. */
static struct bio *dio_await_one(struct dio *dio) { unsigned long flags; struct bio *bio = NULL; spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags); /* * Wait as long as the list is empty and there are bios in flight. bio * completion drops the count, maybe adds to the list, and wakes while * holding the bio_lock so we don't need set_current_state()'s barrier * and can call it after testing our condition. */ while (dio->refcount > 1 && dio->bio_list == NULL) { __set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE); dio->waiter = current; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags); if (!(dio->iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) || !blk_mq_poll(dio->bio_disk->queue, dio->bio_cookie)) io_schedule(); /* wake up sets us TASK_RUNNING */ spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags); dio->waiter = NULL; } if (dio->bio_list) { bio = dio->bio_list; dio->bio_list = bio->bi_private; } spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags); return bio; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton10467.53%440.00%
Zach Brown2314.94%220.00%
Christoph Hellwig149.09%220.00%
Jens Axboe138.44%220.00%
Total154100.00%10100.00%

/* * Process one completed BIO. No locks are held. */
static blk_status_t dio_bio_complete(struct dio *dio, struct bio *bio) { struct bio_vec *bvec; unsigned i; blk_status_t err = bio->bi_status; if (err) { if (err == BLK_STS_AGAIN && (bio->bi_opf & REQ_NOWAIT)) dio->io_error = -EAGAIN; else dio->io_error = -EIO; } if (dio->is_async && dio->op == REQ_OP_READ && dio->should_dirty) { bio_check_pages_dirty(bio); /* transfers ownership */ } else { bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, bio, i) { struct page *page = bvec->bv_page; if (dio->op == REQ_OP_READ && !PageCompound(page) && dio->should_dirty) set_page_dirty_lock(page); put_page(page); } bio_put(bio); } return err; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton7550.68%320.00%
Goldwyn Rodrigues2416.22%16.67%
Kent Overstreet117.43%16.67%
Christoph Hellwig106.76%320.00%
Ming Lei85.41%16.67%
Kenneth W. Chen74.73%213.33%
Mike Krinkin64.05%16.67%
Michael Christie42.70%16.67%
Sasha Levin21.35%16.67%
Kirill A. Shutemov10.68%16.67%
Total148100.00%15100.00%

/* * Wait on and process all in-flight BIOs. This must only be called once * all bios have been issued so that the refcount can only decrease. * This just waits for all bios to make it through dio_bio_complete. IO * errors are propagated through dio->io_error and should be propagated via * dio_complete(). */
static void dio_await_completion(struct dio *dio) { struct bio *bio; do { bio = dio_await_one(dio); if (bio) dio_bio_complete(dio, bio); } while (bio); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton2661.90%133.33%
Zach Brown1638.10%266.67%
Total42100.00%3100.00%

/* * A really large O_DIRECT read or write can generate a lot of BIOs. So * to keep the memory consumption sane we periodically reap any completed BIOs * during the BIO generation phase. * * This also helps to limit the peak amount of pinned userspace memory. */
static inline int dio_bio_reap(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio) { int ret = 0; if (sdio->reap_counter++ >= 64) { while (dio->bio_list) { unsigned long flags; struct bio *bio; int ret2; spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags); bio = dio->bio_list; dio->bio_list = bio->bi_private; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags); ret2 = blk_status_to_errno(dio_bio_complete(dio, bio)); if (ret == 0) ret = ret2; } sdio->reap_counter = 0; } return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton10790.68%350.00%
Andi Kleen86.78%233.33%
Christoph Hellwig32.54%116.67%
Total118100.00%6100.00%

/* * Create workqueue for deferred direct IO completions. We allocate the * workqueue when it's first needed. This avoids creating workqueue for * filesystems that don't need it and also allows us to create the workqueue * late enough so the we can include s_id in the name of the workqueue. */
int sb_init_dio_done_wq(struct super_block *sb) { struct workqueue_struct *old; struct workqueue_struct *wq = alloc_workqueue("dio/%s", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0, sb->s_id); if (!wq) return -ENOMEM; /* * This has to be atomic as more DIOs can race to create the workqueue */ old = cmpxchg(&sb->s_dio_done_wq, NULL, wq); /* Someone created workqueue before us? Free ours... */ if (old) destroy_workqueue(wq); return 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Hellwig6288.57%150.00%
Olof Johansson811.43%150.00%
Total70100.00%2100.00%


static int dio_set_defer_completion(struct dio *dio) { struct super_block *sb = dio->inode->i_sb; if (dio->defer_completion) return 0; dio->defer_completion = true; if (!sb->s_dio_done_wq) return sb_init_dio_done_wq(sb); return 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Christoph Hellwig53100.00%1100.00%
Total53100.00%1100.00%

/* * Call into the fs to map some more disk blocks. We record the current number * of available blocks at sdio->blocks_available. These are in units of the * fs blocksize, i_blocksize(inode). * * The fs is allowed to map lots of blocks at once. If it wants to do that, * it uses the passed inode-relative block number as the file offset, as usual. * * get_block() is passed the number of i_blkbits-sized blocks which direct_io * has remaining to do. The fs should not map more than this number of blocks. * * If the fs has mapped a lot of blocks, it should populate bh->b_size to * indicate how much contiguous disk space has been made available at * bh->b_blocknr. * * If *any* of the mapped blocks are new, then the fs must set buffer_new(). * This isn't very efficient... * * In the case of filesystem holes: the fs may return an arbitrarily-large * hole by returning an appropriate value in b_size and by clearing * buffer_mapped(). However the direct-io code will only process holes one * block at a time - it will repeatedly call get_block() as it walks the hole. */
static int get_more_blocks(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, struct buffer_head *map_bh) { int ret; sector_t fs_startblk; /* Into file, in filesystem-sized blocks */ sector_t fs_endblk; /* Into file, in filesystem-sized blocks */ unsigned long fs_count; /* Number of filesystem-sized blocks */ int create; unsigned int i_blkbits = sdio->blkbits + sdio->blkfactor; /* * If there was a memory error and we've overwritten all the * mapped blocks then we can now return that memory error */ ret = dio->page_errors; if (ret == 0) { BUG_ON(sdio->block_in_file >= sdio->final_block_in_request); fs_startblk = sdio->block_in_file >> sdio->blkfactor; fs_endblk = (sdio->final_block_in_request - 1) >> sdio->blkfactor; fs_count = fs_endblk - fs_startblk + 1; map_bh->b_state = 0; map_bh->b_size = fs_count << i_blkbits; /* * For writes that could fill holes inside i_size on a * DIO_SKIP_HOLES filesystem we forbid block creations: only * overwrites are permitted. We will return early to the caller * once we see an unmapped buffer head returned, and the caller * will fall back to buffered I/O. * * Otherwise the decision is left to the get_blocks method, * which may decide to handle it or also return an unmapped * buffer head. */ create = dio->op == REQ_OP_WRITE; if (dio->flags & DIO_SKIP_HOLES) { if (fs_startblk <= ((i_size_read(dio->inode) - 1) >> i_blkbits)) create = 0; } ret = (*sdio->get_block)(dio->inode, fs_startblk, map_bh, create); /* Store for completion */ dio->private = map_bh->b_private; if (ret == 0 && buffer_defer_completion(map_bh)) ret = dio_set_defer_completion(dio); } return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton10850.00%531.25%
Andi Kleen2612.04%212.50%
Nathan Scott2511.57%212.50%
Christoph Hellwig219.72%212.50%
Tao Ma125.56%16.25%
Linus Torvalds125.56%16.25%
Eryu Guan83.70%16.25%
Michael Christie31.39%16.25%
Badari Pulavarty10.46%16.25%
Total216100.00%16100.00%

/* * There is no bio. Make one now. */
static inline int dio_new_bio(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, sector_t start_sector, struct buffer_head *map_bh) { sector_t sector; int ret, nr_pages; ret = dio_bio_reap(dio, sdio); if (ret) goto out; sector = start_sector << (sdio->blkbits - 9); nr_pages = min(sdio->pages_in_io, BIO_MAX_PAGES); BUG_ON(nr_pages <= 0); dio_bio_alloc(dio, sdio, map_bh->b_bdev, sector, nr_pages); sdio->boundary = 0; out: return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton8580.95%660.00%
Andi Kleen1918.10%330.00%
Kent Overstreet10.95%110.00%
Total105100.00%10100.00%

/* * Attempt to put the current chunk of 'cur_page' into the current BIO. If * that was successful then update final_block_in_bio and take a ref against * the just-added page. * * Return zero on success. Non-zero means the caller needs to start a new BIO. */
static inline int dio_bio_add_page(struct dio_submit *sdio) { int ret; ret = bio_add_page(sdio->bio, sdio->cur_page, sdio->cur_page_len, sdio->cur_page_offset); if (ret == sdio->cur_page_len) { /* * Decrement count only, if we are done with this page */ if ((sdio->cur_page_len + sdio->cur_page_offset) == PAGE_SIZE) sdio->pages_in_io--; get_page(sdio->cur_page); sdio->final_block_in_bio = sdio->cur_page_block + (sdio->cur_page_len >> sdio->blkbits); ret = 0; } else { ret = 1; } return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton7571.43%342.86%
Andi Kleen1615.24%228.57%
Badari Pulavarty1312.38%114.29%
Kirill A. Shutemov10.95%114.29%
Total105100.00%7100.00%

/* * Put cur_page under IO. The section of cur_page which is described by * cur_page_offset,cur_page_len is put into a BIO. The section of cur_page * starts on-disk at cur_page_block. * * We take a ref against the page here (on behalf of its presence in the bio). * * The caller of this function is responsible for removing cur_page from the * dio, and for dropping the refcount which came from that presence. */
static inline int dio_send_cur_page(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, struct buffer_head *map_bh) { int ret = 0; if (sdio->bio) { loff_t cur_offset = sdio->cur_page_fs_offset; loff_t bio_next_offset = sdio->logical_offset_in_bio + sdio->bio->bi_iter.bi_size; /* * See whether this new request is contiguous with the old. * * Btrfs cannot handle having logically non-contiguous requests * submitted. For example if you have * * Logical: [0-4095][HOLE][8192-12287] * Physical: [0-4095] [4096-8191] * * We cannot submit those pages together as one BIO. So if our * current logical offset in the file does not equal what would * be the next logical offset in the bio, submit the bio we * have. */ if (sdio->final_block_in_bio != sdio->cur_page_block || cur_offset != bio_next_offset) dio_bio_submit(dio, sdio); } if (sdio->bio == NULL) { ret = dio_new_bio(dio, sdio, sdio->cur_page_block, map_bh); if (ret) goto out; } if (dio_bio_add_page(sdio) != 0) { dio_bio_submit(dio, sdio); ret = dio_new_bio(dio, sdio, sdio->cur_page_block, map_bh); if (ret == 0) { ret = dio_bio_add_page(sdio); BUG_ON(ret != 0); } } out: return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton11366.08%330.00%
Andi Kleen3419.88%330.00%
Josef Bacik2011.70%110.00%
Kent Overstreet21.17%110.00%
Namhyung Kim10.58%110.00%
Jeff Moyer10.58%110.00%
Total171100.00%10100.00%

/* * An autonomous function to put a chunk of a page under deferred IO. * * The caller doesn't actually know (or care) whether this piece of page is in * a BIO, or is under IO or whatever. We just take care of all possible * situations here. The separation between the logic of do_direct_IO() and * that of submit_page_section() is important for clarity. Please don't break. * * The chunk of page starts on-disk at blocknr. * * We perform deferred IO, by recording the last-submitted page inside our * private part of the dio structure. If possible, we just expand the IO * across that page here. * * If that doesn't work out then we put the old page into the bio and add this * page to the dio instead. */
static inline int submit_page_section(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, struct page *page, unsigned offset, unsigned len, sector_t blocknr, struct buffer_head *map_bh) { int ret = 0; if (dio->op == REQ_OP_WRITE) { /* * Read accounting is performed in submit_bio() */ task_io_account_write(len); } /* * Can we just grow the current page's presence in the dio? */ if (sdio->cur_page == page && sdio->cur_page_offset + sdio->cur_page_len == offset && sdio->cur_page_block + (sdio->cur_page_len >> sdio->blkbits) == blocknr) { sdio->cur_page_len += len; goto out; } /* * If there's a deferred page already there then send it. */ if (sdio->cur_page) { ret = dio_send_cur_page(dio, sdio, map_bh); put_page(sdio->cur_page); sdio->cur_page = NULL; if (ret) return ret; } get_page(page); /* It is in dio */ sdio->cur_page = page; sdio->cur_page_offset = offset; sdio->cur_page_len = len; sdio->cur_page_block = blocknr; sdio->cur_page_fs_offset = sdio->block_in_file << sdio->blkbits; out: /* * If sdio->boundary then we want to schedule the IO now to * avoid metadata seeks. */ if (sdio->boundary) { ret = dio_send_cur_page(dio, sdio, map_bh); if (sdio->bio) dio_bio_submit(dio, sdio); put_page(sdio->cur_page); sdio->cur_page = NULL; } return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton14159.75%538.46%
Jan Kara4217.80%17.69%
Andi Kleen3213.56%323.08%
Josef Bacik93.81%17.69%
Andreas Gruenbacher62.54%17.69%
Kirill A. Shutemov31.27%17.69%
Michael Christie31.27%17.69%
Total236100.00%13100.00%

/* * If we are not writing the entire block and get_block() allocated * the block for us, we need to fill-in the unused portion of the * block with zeros. This happens only if user-buffer, fileoffset or * io length is not filesystem block-size multiple. * * `end' is zero if we're doing the start of the IO, 1 at the end of the * IO. */
static inline void dio_zero_block(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, int end, struct buffer_head *map_bh) { unsigned dio_blocks_per_fs_block; unsigned this_chunk_blocks; /* In dio_blocks */ unsigned this_chunk_bytes; struct page *page; sdio->start_zero_done = 1; if (!sdio->blkfactor || !buffer_new(map_bh)) return; dio_blocks_per_fs_block = 1 << sdio->blkfactor; this_chunk_blocks = sdio->block_in_file & (dio_blocks_per_fs_block - 1); if (!this_chunk_blocks) return; /* * We need to zero out part of an fs block. It is either at the * beginning or the end of the fs block. */ if (end) this_chunk_blocks = dio_blocks_per_fs_block - this_chunk_blocks; this_chunk_bytes = this_chunk_blocks << sdio->blkbits; page = ZERO_PAGE(0); if (submit_page_section(dio, sdio, page, 0, this_chunk_bytes, sdio->next_block_for_io, map_bh)) return; sdio->next_block_for_io += this_chunk_blocks; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton11783.57%120.00%
Andi Kleen2215.71%360.00%
Nicholas Piggin10.71%120.00%
Total140100.00%5100.00%

/* * Walk the user pages, and the file, mapping blocks to disk and generating * a sequence of (page,offset,len,block) mappings. These mappings are injected * into submit_page_section(), which takes care of the next stage of submission * * Direct IO against a blockdev is different from a file. Because we can * happily perform page-sized but 512-byte aligned IOs. It is important that * blockdev IO be able to have fine alignment and large sizes. * * So what we do is to permit the ->get_block function to populate bh.b_size * with the size of IO which is permitted at this offset and this i_blkbits. * * For best results, the blockdev should be set up with 512-byte i_blkbits and * it should set b_size to PAGE_SIZE or more inside get_block(). This gives * fine alignment but still allows this function to work in PAGE_SIZE units. */
static int do_direct_IO(struct dio *dio, struct dio_submit *sdio, struct buffer_head *map_bh) { const unsigned blkbits = sdio->blkbits; const unsigned i_blkbits = blkbits + sdio->blkfactor; int ret = 0; while (sdio->block_in_file < sdio->final_block_in_request) { struct page *page; size_t from, to; page = dio_get_page(dio, sdio); if (IS_ERR(page)) { ret = PTR_ERR(page); goto out; } from = sdio->head ? 0 : sdio->from; to = (sdio->head == sdio->tail - 1) ? sdio->to : PAGE_SIZE; sdio->head++; while (from < to) { unsigned this_chunk_bytes; /* # of bytes mapped */ unsigned this_chunk_blocks; /* # of blocks */ unsigned u; if (sdio->blocks_available == 0) { /* * Need to go and map some more disk */ unsigned long blkmask; unsigned long dio_remainder; ret = get_more_blocks(dio, sdio, map_bh); if (ret) { put_page(page); goto out; } if (!buffer_mapped(map_bh)) goto do_holes; sdio->blocks_available = map_bh->b_size >> blkbits; sdio->next_block_for_io = map_bh->b_blocknr << sdio->blkfactor; if (buffer_new(map_bh)) { clean_bdev_aliases( map_bh->b_bdev, map_bh->b_blocknr, map_bh->b_size >> i_blkbits); } if (!sdio->blkfactor) goto do_holes; blkmask = (1 << sdio->blkfactor) - 1; dio_remainder = (sdio->block_in_file & blkmask); /* * If we are at the start of IO and that IO * starts partway into a fs-block, * dio_remainder will be non-zero. If the IO * is a read then we can simply advance the IO * cursor to the first block which is to be * read. But if the IO is a write and the * block was newly allocated we cannot do that; * the start of the fs block must be zeroed out * on-disk */ if (!buffer_new(map_bh)) sdio->next_block_for_io += dio_remainder; sdio->blocks_available -= dio_remainder; } do_holes: /* Handle holes */ if (!buffer_mapped(map_bh)) { loff_t i_size_aligned; /* AKPM: eargh, -ENOTBLK is a hack */ if (dio->op == REQ_OP_WRITE) { put_page(page); return -ENOTBLK; } /* * Be sure to account for a partial block as the * last block in the file */ i_size_aligned = ALIGN(i_size_read(dio->inode), 1 << blkbits); if (sdio->block_in_file >= i_size_aligned >> blkbits) { /* We hit eof */ put_page(page); goto out; } zero_user(page, from, 1 << blkbits); sdio->block_in_file++; from += 1 << blkbits; dio->result += 1 << blkbits; goto next_block; } /* * If we're performing IO which has an alignment which * is finer than the underlying fs, go check to see if * we must zero out the start of this block. */ if (unlikely(sdio->blkfactor && !sdio->start_zero_done)) dio_zero_block(dio, sdio, 0, map_bh); /* * Work out, in this_chunk_blocks, how much disk we * can add to this page */ this_chunk_blocks = sdio->blocks_available; u = (to - from) >> blkbits; if (this_chunk_blocks > u) this_chunk_blocks = u; u = sdio->final_block_in_request - sdio->block_in_file; if (this_chunk_blocks > u) this_chunk_blocks = u; this_chunk_bytes = this_chunk_blocks << blkbits; BUG_ON(this_chunk_bytes == 0); if (this_chunk_blocks == sdio->blocks_available) sdio->boundary = buffer_boundary(map_bh); ret = submit_page_section(dio, sdio, page, from, this_chunk_bytes, sdio->next_block_for_io, map_bh); if (ret) { put_page(page); goto out; } sdio->next_block_for_io += this_chunk_blocks; sdio->block_in_file += this_chunk_blocks; from += this_chunk_bytes; dio->result += this_chunk_bytes; sdio->blocks_available -= this_chunk_blocks; next_block: BUG_ON(sdio->block_in_file > sdio->final_block_in_request); if (sdio->block_in_file == sdio->final_block_in_request) break; } /* Drop the ref which was taken in get_user_pages() */ put_page(page); } out: return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton41166.94%1041.67%
Andi Kleen538.63%28.33%
Al Viro437.00%28.33%
Boaz Harrosh376.03%14.17%
Jan Kara213.42%28.33%
Jeff Moyer203.26%14.17%
Chandan Rajendra111.79%14.17%
Toshihiro Iwamoto60.98%14.17%
Kirill A. Shutemov50.81%14.17%
Michael Christie30.49%14.17%
Eric Sesterhenn / Snakebyte30.49%14.17%
Christoph Lameter10.16%14.17%
Total614100.00%24100.00%


static inline int drop_refcount(struct dio *dio) { int ret2; unsigned long flags; /* * Sync will always be dropping the final ref and completing the * operation. AIO can if it was a broken operation described above or * in fact if all the bios race to complete before we get here. In * that case dio_complete() translates the EIOCBQUEUED into the proper * return code that the caller will hand to ->complete(). * * This is managed by the bio_lock instead of being an atomic_t so that * completion paths can drop their ref and use the remaining count to * decide to wake the submission path atomically. */ spin_lock_irqsave(&dio->bio_lock, flags); ret2 = --dio->refcount; spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dio->bio_lock, flags); return ret2; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andi Kleen4896.00%250.00%
Christoph Hellwig12.00%125.00%
Andrew Morton12.00%125.00%
Total50100.00%4100.00%

/* * This is a library function for use by filesystem drivers. * * The locking rules are governed by the flags parameter: * - if the flags value contains DIO_LOCKING we use a fancy locking * scheme for dumb filesystems. * For writes this function is called under i_mutex and returns with * i_mutex held, for reads, i_mutex is not held on entry, but it is * taken and dropped again before returning. * - if the flags value does NOT contain DIO_LOCKING we don't use any * internal locking but rather rely on the filesystem to synchronize * direct I/O reads/writes versus each other and truncate. * * To help with locking against truncate we incremented the i_dio_count * counter before starting direct I/O, and decrement it once we are done. * Truncate can wait for it to reach zero to provide exclusion. It is * expected that filesystem provide exclusion between new direct I/O * and truncates. For DIO_LOCKING filesystems this is done by i_mutex, * but other filesystems need to take care of this on their own. * * NOTE: if you pass "sdio" to anything by pointer make sure that function * is always inlined. Otherwise gcc is unable to split the structure into * individual fields and will generate much worse code. This is important * for the whole file. */
static inline ssize_t do_blockdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct inode *inode, struct block_device *bdev, struct iov_iter *iter, get_block_t get_block, dio_iodone_t end_io, dio_submit_t submit_io, int flags) { unsigned i_blkbits = ACCESS_ONCE(inode->i_blkbits); unsigned blkbits = i_blkbits; unsigned blocksize_mask = (1 << blkbits) - 1; ssize_t retval = -EINVAL; size_t count = iov_iter_count(iter); loff_t offset = iocb->ki_pos; loff_t end = offset + count; struct dio *dio; struct dio_submit sdio = { 0, }; struct buffer_head map_bh = { 0, }; struct blk_plug plug; unsigned long align = offset | iov_iter_alignment(iter); /* * Avoid references to bdev if not absolutely needed to give * the early prefetch in the caller enough time. */ if (align & blocksize_mask) { if (bdev) blkbits = blksize_bits(bdev_logical_block_size(bdev)); blocksize_mask = (1 << blkbits) - 1; if (align & blocksize_mask) goto out; } /* watch out for a 0 len io from a tricksy fs */ if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ && !iov_iter_count(iter)) return 0; dio = kmem_cache_alloc(dio_cache, GFP_KERNEL); retval = -ENOMEM; if (!dio) goto out; /* * Believe it or not, zeroing out the page array caused a .5% * performance regression in a database benchmark. So, we take * care to only zero out what's needed. */ memset(dio, 0, offsetof(struct dio, pages)); dio->flags = flags; if (dio->flags & DIO_LOCKING) { if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ) { struct address_space *mapping = iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping; /* will be released by direct_io_worker */ inode_lock(inode); retval = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, offset, end - 1); if (retval) { inode_unlock(inode); kmem_cache_free(dio_cache, dio); goto out; } } } /* Once we sampled i_size check for reads beyond EOF */ dio->i_size = i_size_read(inode); if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ && offset >= dio->i_size) { if (dio->flags & DIO_LOCKING) inode_unlock(inode); kmem_cache_free(dio_cache, dio); retval = 0; goto out; } /* * For file extending writes updating i_size before data writeouts * complete can expose uninitialized blocks in dumb filesystems. * In that case we need to wait for I/O completion even if asked * for an asynchronous write. */ if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb)) dio->is_async = false; else if (!(dio->flags & DIO_ASYNC_EXTEND) && iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE && end > i_size_read(inode)) dio->is_async = false; else dio->is_async = true; dio->inode = inode; if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE) { dio->op = REQ_OP_WRITE; dio->op_flags = REQ_SYNC | REQ_IDLE; if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) dio->op_flags |= REQ_NOWAIT; } else { dio->op = REQ_OP_READ; } /* * For AIO O_(D)SYNC writes we need to defer completions to a workqueue * so that we can call ->fsync. */ if (dio->is_async && iov_iter_rw(iter) == WRITE) { retval = 0; if ((iocb->ki_filp->f_flags & O_DSYNC) || IS_SYNC(iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping->host)) retval = dio_set_defer_completion(dio); else if (!dio->inode->i_sb->s_dio_done_wq) { /* * In case of AIO write racing with buffered read we * need to defer completion. We can't decide this now, * however the workqueue needs to be initialized here. */ retval = sb_init_dio_done_wq(dio->inode->i_sb); } if (retval) { /* * We grab i_mutex only for reads so we don't have * to release it here */ kmem_cache_free(dio_cache, dio); goto out; } } /* * Will be decremented at I/O completion time. */ if (!(dio->flags & DIO_SKIP_DIO_COUNT)) inode_dio_begin(inode); retval = 0; sdio.blkbits = blkbits; sdio.blkfactor = i_blkbits - blkbits; sdio.block_in_file = offset >> blkbits; sdio.get_block = get_block; dio->end_io = end_io; sdio.submit_io = submit_io; sdio.final_block_in_bio = -1; sdio.next_block_for_io = -1; dio->iocb = iocb; spin_lock_init(&dio->bio_lock); dio->refcount = 1; dio->should_dirty = (iter->type == ITER_IOVEC); sdio.iter = iter; sdio.final_block_in_request = (offset + iov_iter_count(iter)) >> blkbits; /* * In case of non-aligned buffers, we may need 2 more * pages since we need to zero out first and last block. */ if (unlikely(sdio.blkfactor)) sdio.pages_in_io = 2; sdio.pages_in_io += iov_iter_npages(iter, INT_MAX); blk_start_plug(&plug); retval = do_direct_IO(dio, &sdio, &map_bh); if (retval) dio_cleanup(dio, &sdio); if (retval == -ENOTBLK) { /* * The remaining part of the request will be * be handled by buffered I/O when we return */ retval = 0; } /* * There may be some unwritten disk at the end of a part-written * fs-block-sized block. Go zero that now. */ dio_zero_block(dio, &sdio, 1, &map_bh); if (sdio.cur_page) { ssize_t ret2; ret2 = dio_send_cur_page(dio, &sdio, &map_bh); if (retval == 0) retval = ret2; put_page(sdio.cur_page); sdio.cur_page = NULL; } if (sdio.bio) dio_bio_submit(dio, &sdio); blk_finish_plug(&plug); /* * It is possible that, we return short IO due to end of file. * In that case, we need to release all the pages we got hold on. */ dio_cleanup(dio, &sdio); /* * All block lookups have been performed. For READ requests * we can let i_mutex go now that its achieved its purpose * of protecting us from looking up uninitialized blocks. */ if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ && (dio->flags & DIO_LOCKING)) inode_unlock(dio->inode); /* * The only time we want to leave bios in flight is when a successful * partial aio read or full aio write have been setup. In that case * bio completion will call aio_complete. The only time it's safe to * call aio_complete is when we return -EIOCBQUEUED, so we key on that. * This had *better* be the only place that raises -EIOCBQUEUED. */ BUG_ON(retval == -EIOCBQUEUED); if (dio->is_async && retval == 0 && dio->result && (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ || dio->result == count)) retval = -EIOCBQUEUED; else dio_await_completion(dio); if (drop_refcount(dio) == 0) { retval = dio_complete(dio, retval, DIO_COMPLETE_INVALIDATE); } else BUG_ON(retval != -EIOCBQUEUED); out: return retval; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andi Kleen40642.29%47.55%
Christoph Hellwig12713.23%713.21%
Andrew Morton12412.92%1324.53%
Al Viro596.15%611.32%
Jan Kara495.10%11.89%
Lukas Czerner353.65%23.77%
Omar Sandoval323.33%11.89%
Michael Christie242.50%11.89%
Fengguang Wu161.67%11.89%
Jens Axboe141.46%23.77%
Goldwyn Rodrigues141.46%11.89%
Ming Lei121.25%11.89%
Linus Torvalds90.94%11.89%
Jeff Moyer80.83%11.89%
Zach Brown70.73%47.55%
Nicholas Piggin60.62%11.89%
Daniel McNeil50.52%11.89%
Josef Bacik40.42%11.89%
Stephen Lord40.42%11.89%
Badari Pulavarty30.31%11.89%
Julia Lawall10.10%11.89%
Kirill A. Shutemov10.10%11.89%
Total960100.00%53100.00%


ssize_t __blockdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct inode *inode, struct block_device *bdev, struct iov_iter *iter, get_block_t get_block, dio_iodone_t end_io, dio_submit_t submit_io, int flags) { /* * The block device state is needed in the end to finally * submit everything. Since it's likely to be cache cold * prefetch it here as first thing to hide some of the * latency. * * Attempt to prefetch the pieces we likely need later. */ prefetch(&bdev->bd_disk->part_tbl); prefetch(bdev->bd_queue); prefetch((char *)bdev->bd_queue + SMP_CACHE_BYTES); return do_blockdev_direct_IO(iocb, inode, bdev, iter, get_block, end_io, submit_io, flags); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andi Kleen8495.45%133.33%
Al Viro33.41%133.33%
Omar Sandoval11.14%133.33%
Total88100.00%3100.00%

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__blockdev_direct_IO);
static __init int dio_init(void) { dio_cache = KMEM_CACHE(dio, SLAB_PANIC); return 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andi Kleen21100.00%1100.00%
Total21100.00%1100.00%

module_init(dio_init)

Overall Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton209042.90%2720.30%
Andi Kleen90318.53%86.02%
Christoph Hellwig49310.12%2015.04%
Zach Brown2134.37%64.51%
Al Viro2014.13%86.02%
Lukas Czerner1382.83%21.50%
Jan Kara1182.42%53.76%
Josef Bacik1172.40%21.50%
Jens Axboe711.46%64.51%
Michael Christie641.31%21.50%
Eryu Guan450.92%21.50%
Boaz Harrosh400.82%10.75%
Jeff Moyer390.80%32.26%
Goldwyn Rodrigues380.78%10.75%
Omar Sandoval330.68%10.75%
Ming Lei280.57%10.75%
Nathan Scott250.51%21.50%
Nicholas Piggin220.45%32.26%
Linus Torvalds210.43%10.75%
Stephen Lord200.41%10.75%
Badari Pulavarty200.41%21.50%
Fengguang Wu160.33%10.75%
Kent Overstreet160.33%32.26%
Kirill A. Shutemov130.27%10.75%
Tao Ma120.25%10.75%
Chandan Rajendra110.23%10.75%
Olof Johansson80.16%10.75%
Kenneth W. Chen70.14%21.50%
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo70.14%10.75%
Mike Krinkin60.12%10.75%
Andreas Gruenbacher60.12%10.75%
Toshihiro Iwamoto60.12%10.75%
Daniel McNeil50.10%10.75%
Eric Sesterhenn / Snakebyte30.06%10.75%
Neil Brown20.04%10.75%
Miklos Szeredi20.04%10.75%
Sasha Levin20.04%10.75%
Edward Shishkin20.04%10.75%
Fabian Frederick10.02%10.75%
Francois Cami10.02%10.75%
Christoph Lameter10.02%10.75%
Mel Gorman10.02%10.75%
Dave Dillow10.02%10.75%
Julia Lawall10.02%10.75%
Arun Sharma10.02%10.75%
Robert P. J. Day10.02%10.75%
Namhyung Kim10.02%10.75%
Total4872100.00%133100.00%
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