Release 4.14 tools/objtool/check.c

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015-2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "check.h"
#include "elf.h"
#include "special.h"
#include "arch.h"
#include "warn.h"

#include <linux/hashtable.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>


struct alternative {
	
struct list_head list;
	
struct instruction *insn;
};


const char *objname;

static bool no_fp;

struct cfi_state initial_func_cfi;



struct instruction *find_insn(struct objtool_file *file,
			      struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{
	struct instruction *insn;

	hash_for_each_possible(file->insn_hash, insn, hash, offset)
		if (insn->sec == sec && insn->offset == offset)
			return insn;

	return NULL;
}

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static struct instruction *next_insn_same_sec(struct objtool_file *file,
					      struct instruction *insn)
{
	struct instruction *next = list_next_entry(insn, list);

	if (!next || &next->list == &file->insn_list || next->sec != insn->sec)
		return NULL;

	return next;
}

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#define func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn)				\
	for (insn = find_insn(file, func->sec, func->offset);           \
             insn && &insn->list != &file->insn_list &&                 \
                insn->sec == func->sec &&                               \
                insn->offset < func->offset + func->len;                \
             insn = list_next_entry(insn, list))


#define func_for_each_insn_continue_reverse(file, func, insn)		\
	for (insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);                        \
             &insn->list != &file->insn_list &&                         \
                insn->sec == func->sec && insn->offset >= func->offset; \
             insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list))


#define sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn)				\
	for (; insn; insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn))


#define sec_for_each_insn_continue(file, insn)				\
	for (insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn); insn;               \
             insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn))

/*
 * Check if the function has been manually whitelisted with the
 * STACK_FRAME_NON_STANDARD macro, or if it should be automatically whitelisted
 * due to its use of a context switching instruction.
 */


static bool ignore_func(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func)
{
	struct rela *rela;

	/* check for STACK_FRAME_NON_STANDARD */
	if (file->whitelist && file->whitelist->rela)
		list_for_each_entry(rela, &file->whitelist->rela->rela_list, list) {
			if (rela->sym->type == STT_SECTION &&
			    rela->sym->sec == func->sec &&
			    rela->addend == func->offset)
				return true;
			if (rela->sym->type == STT_FUNC && rela->sym == func)
				return true;
		}

	return false;
}

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/*
 * This checks to see if the given function is a "noreturn" function.
 *
 * For global functions which are outside the scope of this object file, we
 * have to keep a manual list of them.
 *
 * For local functions, we have to detect them manually by simply looking for
 * the lack of a return instruction.
 *
 * Returns:
 *  -1: error
 *   0: no dead end
 *   1: dead end
 */


static int __dead_end_function(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func,
			       int recursion)
{
	int i;
	struct instruction *insn;
	bool empty = true;

	/*
         * Unfortunately these have to be hard coded because the noreturn
         * attribute isn't provided in ELF data.
         */
	static const char * const global_noreturns[] = {
		"__stack_chk_fail",
		"panic",
		"do_exit",
		"do_task_dead",
		"__module_put_and_exit",
		"complete_and_exit",
		"kvm_spurious_fault",
		"__reiserfs_panic",
		"lbug_with_loc",
		"fortify_panic",
        };

	if (func->bind == STB_WEAK)
		return 0;

	if (func->bind == STB_GLOBAL)
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(global_noreturns); i++)
			if (!strcmp(func->name, global_noreturns[i]))
				return 1;

	if (!func->sec)
		return 0;

	func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn) {
		empty = false;

		if (insn->type == INSN_RETURN)
			return 0;
	}

	if (empty)
		return 0;

	/*
         * A function can have a sibling call instead of a return.  In that
         * case, the function's dead-end status depends on whether the target
         * of the sibling call returns.
         */
	func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn) {
		if (insn->sec != func->sec ||
		    insn->offset >= func->offset + func->len)
			break;

		if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL) {
			struct instruction *dest = insn->jump_dest;
			struct symbol *dest_func;

			if (!dest)
				/* sibling call to another file */
				return 0;

			if (dest->sec != func->sec ||
			    dest->offset < func->offset ||
			    dest->offset >= func->offset + func->len) {
				/* local sibling call */
				dest_func = find_symbol_by_offset(dest->sec,
								  dest->offset);
				if (!dest_func)
					continue;

				if (recursion == 5) {
					WARN_FUNC("infinite recursion (objtool bug!)",
						  dest->sec, dest->offset);
					return -1;
				}

				return __dead_end_function(file, dest_func,
							   recursion + 1);
			}
		}

		if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC && list_empty(&insn->alts))
			/* sibling call */
			return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

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static int dead_end_function(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func)
{
	return __dead_end_function(file, func, 0);
}

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static void clear_insn_state(struct insn_state *state)
{
	int i;

	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
	state->cfa.base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
	for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++) {
		state->regs[i].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
		state->vals[i].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
	}
	state->drap_reg = CFI_UNDEFINED;
	state->drap_offset = -1;
}

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/*
 * Call the arch-specific instruction decoder for all the instructions and add
 * them to the global instruction list.
 */


static int decode_instructions(struct objtool_file *file)
{
	struct section *sec;
	struct symbol *func;
	unsigned long offset;
	struct instruction *insn;
	int ret;

	for_each_sec(file, sec) {

		if (!(sec->sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR))
			continue;

		if (strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement") &&
		    strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_aux") &&
		    strncmp(sec->name, ".discard.", 9))
			sec->text = true;

		for (offset = 0; offset < sec->len; offset += insn->len) {
			insn = malloc(sizeof(*insn));
			if (!insn) {
				WARN("malloc failed");
				return -1;
			}
			memset(insn, 0, sizeof(*insn));
			INIT_LIST_HEAD(&insn->alts);
			clear_insn_state(&insn->state);

			insn->sec = sec;
			insn->offset = offset;

			ret = arch_decode_instruction(file->elf, sec, offset,
						      sec->len - offset,
						      &insn->len, &insn->type,
						      &insn->immediate,
						      &insn->stack_op);
			if (ret)
				goto err;

			if (!insn->type || insn->type > INSN_LAST) {
				WARN_FUNC("invalid instruction type %d",
					  insn->sec, insn->offset, insn->type);
				ret = -1;
				goto err;
			}

			hash_add(file->insn_hash, &insn->hash, insn->offset);
			list_add_tail(&insn->list, &file->insn_list);
		}

		list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
			if (func->type != STT_FUNC)
				continue;

			if (!find_insn(file, sec, func->offset)) {
				WARN("%s(): can't find starting instruction",
				     func->name);
				return -1;
			}

			func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn)
				if (!insn->func)
					insn->func = func;
		}
	}

	return 0;

err:
	free(insn);
	return ret;
}

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/*
 * Mark "ud2" instructions and manually annotated dead ends.
 */


static int add_dead_ends(struct objtool_file *file)
{
	struct section *sec;
	struct rela *rela;
	struct instruction *insn;
	bool found;

	/*
         * By default, "ud2" is a dead end unless otherwise annotated, because
         * GCC 7 inserts it for certain divide-by-zero cases.
         */
	for_each_insn(file, insn)
		if (insn->type == INSN_BUG)
			insn->dead_end = true;

	/*
         * Check for manually annotated dead ends.
         */
	sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.unreachable");
	if (!sec)
		goto reachable;

	list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
		if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
			WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
			return -1;
		}
		insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
		if (insn)
			insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);
		else if (rela->addend == rela->sym->sec->len) {
			found = false;
			list_for_each_entry_reverse(insn, &file->insn_list, list) {
				if (insn->sec == rela->sym->sec) {
					found = true;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (!found) {
				WARN("can't find unreachable insn at %s+0x%x",
				     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
				return -1;
			}
		} else {
			WARN("can't find unreachable insn at %s+0x%x",
			     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
			return -1;
		}

		insn->dead_end = true;
	}

reachable:
	/*
         * These manually annotated reachable checks are needed for GCC 4.4,
         * where the Linux unreachable() macro isn't supported.  In that case
         * GCC doesn't know the "ud2" is fatal, so it generates code as if it's
         * not a dead end.
         */
	sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.reachable");
	if (!sec)
		return 0;

	list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
		if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
			WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
			return -1;
		}
		insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
		if (insn)
			insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);
		else if (rela->addend == rela->sym->sec->len) {
			found = false;
			list_for_each_entry_reverse(insn, &file->insn_list, list) {
				if (insn->sec == rela->sym->sec) {
					found = true;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (!found) {
				WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
				     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
				return -1;
			}
		} else {
			WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
			     rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
			return -1;
		}

		insn->dead_end = false;
	}

	return 0;
}

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/*
 * Warnings shouldn't be reported for ignored functions.
 */


static void add_ignores(struct objtool_file *file)
{
	struct instruction *insn;
	struct section *sec;
	struct symbol *func;

	for_each_sec(file, sec) {
		list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
			if (func->type != STT_FUNC)
				continue;

			if (!ignore_func(file, func))
				continue;

			func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn)
				insn->ignore = true;
		}
	}
}

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/*
 * Find the destination instructions for all jumps.
 */


static int add_jump_destinations(struct objtool_file *file)
{
	struct instruction *insn;
	struct rela *rela;
	struct section *dest_sec;
	unsigned long dest_off;

	for_each_insn(file, insn) {
		if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL &&
		    insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
			continue;

		if (insn->ignore)
			continue;

		rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
					       insn->len);
		if (!rela) {
			dest_sec = insn->sec;
			dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
		} else if (rela->sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
			dest_sec = rela->sym->sec;
			dest_off = rela->addend + 4;
		} else if (rela->sym->sec->idx) {
			dest_sec = rela->sym->sec;
			dest_off = rela->sym->sym.st_value + rela->addend + 4;
		} else {
			/* sibling call */
			insn->jump_dest = 0;
			continue;
		}

		insn->jump_dest = find_insn(file, dest_sec, dest_off);
		if (!insn->jump_dest) {

			/*
                         * This is a special case where an alt instruction
                         * jumps past the end of the section.  These are
                         * handled later in handle_group_alt().
                         */
			if (!strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement"))
				continue;

			WARN_FUNC("can't find jump dest instruction at %s+0x%lx",
				  insn->sec, insn->offset, dest_sec->name,
				  dest_off);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

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/*
 * Find the destination instructions for all calls.
 */


static int add_call_destinations(struct objtool_file *file)
{
	struct instruction *insn;
	unsigned long dest_off;
	struct rela *rela;

	for_each_insn(file, insn) {
		if (insn->type != INSN_CALL)
			continue;

		rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
					       insn->len);
		if (!rela) {
			dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
			insn->call_dest = find_symbol_by_offset(insn->sec,
								dest_off);
			if (!insn->call_dest) {
				WARN_FUNC("can't find call dest symbol at offset 0x%lx",
					  insn->sec, insn->offset, dest_off);
				return -1;
			}
		} else if (rela->sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
			insn->call_dest = find_symbol_by_offset(rela->sym->sec,
								rela->addend+4);
			if (!insn->call_dest ||
			    insn->call_dest->type != STT_FUNC) {
				WARN_FUNC("can't find call dest symbol at %s+0x%x",
					  insn->sec, insn->offset,
					  rela->sym->sec->name,
					  rela->addend + 4);
				return -1;
			}
		} else
			insn->call_dest = rela->sym;
	}

	return 0;
}

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/*
 * The .alternatives section requires some extra special care, over and above
 * what other special sections require:
 *
 * 1. Because alternatives are patched in-place, we need to insert a fake jump
 *    instruction at the end so that validate_branch() skips all the original
 *    replaced instructions when validating the new instruction path.
 *
 * 2. An added wrinkle is that the new instruction length might be zero.  In
 *    that case the old instructions are replaced with noops.  We simulate that
 *    by creating a fake jump as the only new instruction.
 *
 * 3. In some cases, the alternative section includes an instruction which
 *    conditionally jumps to the _end_ of the entry.  We have to modify these
 *    jumps' destinations to point back to .text rather than the end of the
 *    entry in .altinstr_replacement.
 *
 * 4. It has been requested that we don't validate the !POPCNT feature path
 *    which is a "very very small percentage of machines".
 */


static int handle_group_alt(struct objtool_file *file,
			    struct special_alt *special_alt,
			    struct instruction *orig_insn,
			    struct instruction **new_insn)
{
	struct instruction *last_orig_insn, *last_new_insn, *insn, *fake_jump;
	unsigned long dest_off;

	last_orig_insn = NULL;
	insn = orig_insn;
	sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn) {
		if (insn->offset >= special_alt->orig_off + special_alt->orig_len)
			break;

		if (special_alt->skip_orig)
			insn->type = INSN_NOP;

		insn->alt_group = true;
		last_orig_insn = insn;
	}

	if (!next_insn_same_sec(file, last_orig_insn)) {
		WARN("%s: don't know how to handle alternatives at end of section",
		     special_alt->orig_sec->name);
		return -1;
	}

	fake_jump = malloc(sizeof(*fake_jump));
	if (!fake_jump) {
		WARN("malloc failed");
		return -1;
	}
	memset(fake_jump, 0, sizeof(*fake_jump));
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fake_jump->alts);
	clear_insn_state(&fake_jump->state);

	fake_jump->sec = special_alt->new_sec;
	fake_jump->offset = -1;
	fake_jump->type = INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL;
	fake_jump->jump_dest = list_next_entry(last_orig_insn, list);
	fake_jump->ignore = true;

	if (!special_alt->new_len) {
		*new_insn = fake_jump;
		return 0;
	}

	last_new_insn = NULL;
	insn = *new_insn;
	sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn) {
		if (insn->offset >= special_alt->new_off + special_alt->new_len)
			break;

		last_new_insn = insn;

		if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL &&
		    insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
			continue;

		if (!insn->immediate)
			continue;

		dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
		if (dest_off == special_alt->new_off + special_alt->new_len)
			insn->jump_dest = fake_jump;

		if (!insn->jump_dest) {
			WARN_FUNC("can't find alternative jump destination",
				  insn->sec, insn->offset);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	if (!last_new_insn) {
		WARN_FUNC("can't find last new alternative instruction",
			  special_alt->new_sec, special_alt->new_off);
		return -1;
	}

	list_add(&fake_jump->list, &last_new_insn->list);

	return 0;
}

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/*
 * A jump table entry can either convert a nop to a jump or a jump to a nop.
 * If the original instruction is a jump, make the alt entry an effective nop
 * by just skipping the original instruction.
 */


static int handle_jump_alt(struct objtool_file *file,
			   struct special_alt *special_alt,
			   struct instruction *orig_insn,
			   struct instruction **new_insn)
{
	if (orig_insn->type == INSN_NOP)
		return 0;

	if (orig_insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL) {
		WARN_FUNC("unsupported instruction at jump label",
			  orig_insn->sec, orig_insn->offset);
		return -1;
	}

	*new_insn = list_next_entry(orig_insn, list);
	return 0;
}

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/*
 * Read all the special sections which have alternate instructions which can be
 * patched in or redirected to at runtime.  Each instruction having alternate
 * instruction(s) has them added to its insn->alts list, which will be
 * traversed in validate_branch().
 */


static int add_special_section_alts(struct objtool_file *file)
{
	struct list_head special_alts;
	struct instruction *orig_insn, *new_insn;
	struct special_alt *special_alt, *tmp;
	struct alternative *alt;
	int ret;

	ret = special_get_alts(file->elf, &special_alts);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(special_alt, tmp, &special_alts, list) {
		alt = malloc(sizeof(*alt));
		if (!alt) {
			WARN("malloc failed");
			ret = -1;
			goto out;
		}

		orig_insn = find_insn(file, special_alt->orig_sec,
				      special_alt->orig_off);
		if (!orig_insn) {
			WARN_FUNC("special: can't find orig instruction",
				  special_alt->orig_sec, special_alt->orig_off);
			ret = -1;
			goto out;
		}

		new_insn = NULL;
		if (!special_alt->group || special_alt->new_len) {
			new_insn = find_insn(file, special_alt->new_sec,
					     special_alt->new_off);
			if (!new_insn) {
				WARN_FUNC("special: can't find new instruction",
					  special_alt->new_sec,
					  special_alt->new_off);
				ret = -1;
				goto out;
			}
		}

		if (special_alt->group) {
			ret = handle_group_alt(file, special_alt, orig_insn,
					       &new_insn);
			if (ret)
				goto out;
		} else if (special_alt->jump_or_nop) {
			ret = handle_jump_alt(file, special_alt, orig_insn,
					      &new_insn);
			if (ret)
				goto out;
		}

		alt->insn = new_insn;
		list_add_tail(&alt->list, &orig_insn->alts);

		list_del(&special_alt->list);
		free(special_alt);
	}

out:
	return ret;
}

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static int add_switch_table(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func,
			    struct instruction *insn, struct rela *table,
			    struct rela *next_table)
{
	struct rela *rela = table;
	struct instruction *alt_insn;
	struct alternative *alt;

	list_for_each_entry_from(rela, &file->rodata->rela->rela_list, list) {
		if (rela == next_table)
			break;

		if (rela->sym->sec != insn->sec ||
		    rela->addend <= func->offset ||
		    rela->addend >= func->offset + func->len)
			break;

		alt_insn = find_insn(file, insn->sec, rela->addend);
		if (!alt_insn) {
			WARN("%s: can't find instruction at %s+0x%x",
			     file->rodata->rela->name, insn->sec->name,
			     rela->addend);
			return -1;
		}

		alt = malloc(sizeof(*alt));
		if (!alt) {
			WARN("malloc failed");
			return -1;
		}

		alt->insn = alt_insn;
		list_add_tail(&alt->list, &insn->alts);
	}

	return 0;
}

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