cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.15 arch/x86/entry/vsyscall/vsyscall_64.c

Directory: arch/x86/entry/vsyscall
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
 *
 * Based on the original implementation which is:
 *  Copyright (C) 2001 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
 *  Copyright 2003 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs.
 *
 *  Parts of the original code have been moved to arch/x86/vdso/vma.c
 *
 * This file implements vsyscall emulation.  vsyscalls are a legacy ABI:
 * Userspace can request certain kernel services by calling fixed
 * addresses.  This concept is problematic:
 *
 * - It interferes with ASLR.
 * - It's awkward to write code that lives in kernel addresses but is
 *   callable by userspace at fixed addresses.
 * - The whole concept is impossible for 32-bit compat userspace.
 * - UML cannot easily virtualize a vsyscall.
 *
 * As of mid-2014, I believe that there is no new userspace code that
 * will use a vsyscall if the vDSO is present.  I hope that there will
 * soon be no new userspace code that will ever use a vsyscall.
 *
 * The code in this file emulates vsyscalls when notified of a page
 * fault to a vsyscall address.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>

#include <asm/vsyscall.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <asm/fixmap.h>
#include <asm/traps.h>
#include <asm/paravirt.h>


#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include "vsyscall_trace.h"





static enum { EMULATE, NATIVE, NONE } vsyscall_mode =
#if defined(CONFIG_LEGACY_VSYSCALL_NATIVE)
	NATIVE;
#elif defined(CONFIG_LEGACY_VSYSCALL_NONE)
	NONE;
#else
	EMULATE;
#endif




static int __init vsyscall_setup(char *str)
{
	if (str) {
		if (!strcmp("emulate", str))
			vsyscall_mode = EMULATE;
		else if (!strcmp("native", str))
			vsyscall_mode = NATIVE;
		else if (!strcmp("none", str))
			vsyscall_mode = NONE;
		else
			return -EINVAL;

		return 0;
	}

	return -EINVAL;
}

Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski73100.00%1100.00%


Total73100.00%1100.00%



early_param("vsyscall", vsyscall_setup);




static void warn_bad_vsyscall(const char *level, struct pt_regs *regs,
			      const char *message)
{
	if (!show_unhandled_signals)
		return;

	printk_ratelimited("%s%s[%d] %s ip:%lx cs:%lx sp:%lx ax:%lx si:%lx di:%lx\n",
			   level, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current),
			   message, regs->ip, regs->cs,
			   regs->sp, regs->ax, regs->si, regs->di);
}


Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski5884.06%466.67%


Andi Kleen913.04%116.67%


Joe Perches22.90%116.67%


Total69100.00%6100.00%






static int addr_to_vsyscall_nr(unsigned long addr)
{
	int nr;

	if ((addr & ~0xC00UL) != VSYSCALL_ADDR)
		return -EINVAL;

	nr = (addr & 0xC00UL) >> 10;
	if (nr >= 3)
		return -EINVAL;

	return nr;
}


Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski51100.00%2100.00%


Total51100.00%2100.00%






static bool write_ok_or_segv(unsigned long ptr, size_t size)
{
	/*
         * XXX: if access_ok, get_user, and put_user handled
         * sig_on_uaccess_err, this could go away.
         */

	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (void __user *)ptr, size)) {
		siginfo_t info;
		struct thread_struct *thread = &current->thread;

		thread->error_code	= 6;  /* user fault, no page, write */
		thread->cr2		= ptr;
		thread->trap_nr		= X86_TRAP_PF;

		memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
		info.si_signo		= SIGSEGV;
		info.si_errno		= 0;
		info.si_code		= SEGV_MAPERR;
		info.si_addr		= (void __user *)ptr;

		force_sig_info(SIGSEGV, &info, current);
		return false;
	} else {
		return true;
	}
}


Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski12397.62%133.33%


Srikar Dronamraju21.59%133.33%


Ingo Molnar10.79%133.33%


Total126100.00%3100.00%






bool emulate_vsyscall(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk;
	unsigned long caller;
	int vsyscall_nr, syscall_nr, tmp;
	int prev_sig_on_uaccess_err;
	long ret;

	/*
         * No point in checking CS -- the only way to get here is a user mode
         * trap to a high address, which means that we're in 64-bit user code.
         */

	WARN_ON_ONCE(address != regs->ip);

	/* This should be unreachable in NATIVE mode. */
	if (WARN_ON(vsyscall_mode == NATIVE))
		return false;

	if (vsyscall_mode == NONE) {
		warn_bad_vsyscall(KERN_INFO, regs,
				  "vsyscall attempted with vsyscall=none");
		return false;
	}

	vsyscall_nr = addr_to_vsyscall_nr(address);

	trace_emulate_vsyscall(vsyscall_nr);

	if (vsyscall_nr < 0) {
		warn_bad_vsyscall(KERN_WARNING, regs,
				  "misaligned vsyscall (exploit attempt or buggy program) -- look up the vsyscall kernel parameter if you need a workaround");
		goto sigsegv;
	}

	if (get_user(caller, (unsigned long __user *)regs->sp) != 0) {
		warn_bad_vsyscall(KERN_WARNING, regs,
				  "vsyscall with bad stack (exploit attempt?)");
		goto sigsegv;
	}

	tsk = current;

	/*
         * Check for access_ok violations and find the syscall nr.
         *
         * NULL is a valid user pointer (in the access_ok sense) on 32-bit and
         * 64-bit, so we don't need to special-case it here.  For all the
         * vsyscalls, NULL means "don't write anything" not "write it at
         * address 0".
         */
	switch (vsyscall_nr) {
	case 0:
		if (!write_ok_or_segv(regs->di, sizeof(struct timeval)) ||
		    !write_ok_or_segv(regs->si, sizeof(struct timezone))) {
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto check_fault;
		}

		syscall_nr = __NR_gettimeofday;
		break;

	case 1:
		if (!write_ok_or_segv(regs->di, sizeof(time_t))) {
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto check_fault;
		}

		syscall_nr = __NR_time;
		break;

	case 2:
		if (!write_ok_or_segv(regs->di, sizeof(unsigned)) ||
		    !write_ok_or_segv(regs->si, sizeof(unsigned))) {
			ret = -EFAULT;
			goto check_fault;
		}

		syscall_nr = __NR_getcpu;
		break;
	}

	/*
         * Handle seccomp.  regs->ip must be the original value.
         * See seccomp_send_sigsys and Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt.
         *
         * We could optimize the seccomp disabled case, but performance
         * here doesn't matter.
         */
	regs->orig_ax = syscall_nr;
	regs->ax = -ENOSYS;
	tmp = secure_computing(NULL);
	if ((!tmp && regs->orig_ax != syscall_nr) || regs->ip != address) {
		warn_bad_vsyscall(KERN_DEBUG, regs,
				  "seccomp tried to change syscall nr or ip");
		do_exit(SIGSYS);
	}
	regs->orig_ax = -1;
	if (tmp)
		goto do_ret;  /* skip requested */

	/*
         * With a real vsyscall, page faults cause SIGSEGV.  We want to
         * preserve that behavior to make writing exploits harder.
         */
	prev_sig_on_uaccess_err = current->thread.sig_on_uaccess_err;
	current->thread.sig_on_uaccess_err = 1;

	ret = -EFAULT;
	switch (vsyscall_nr) {
	case 0:
		ret = sys_gettimeofday(
			(struct timeval __user *)regs->di,
			(struct timezone __user *)regs->si);
		break;

	case 1:
		ret = sys_time((time_t __user *)regs->di);
		break;

	case 2:
		ret = sys_getcpu((unsigned __user *)regs->di,
				 (unsigned __user *)regs->si,
				 NULL);
		break;
	}

	current->thread.sig_on_uaccess_err = prev_sig_on_uaccess_err;

check_fault:
	if (ret == -EFAULT) {
		/* Bad news -- userspace fed a bad pointer to a vsyscall. */
		warn_bad_vsyscall(KERN_INFO, regs,
				  "vsyscall fault (exploit attempt?)");

		/*
                 * If we failed to generate a signal for any reason,
                 * generate one here.  (This should be impossible.)
                 */
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!sigismember(&tsk->pending.signal, SIGBUS) &&
				 !sigismember(&tsk->pending.signal, SIGSEGV)))
			goto sigsegv;

		return true;  /* Don't emulate the ret. */
	}

	regs->ax = ret;

do_ret:
	/* Emulate a ret instruction. */
	regs->ip = caller;
	regs->sp += 8;
	return true;

sigsegv:
	force_sig(SIGSEGV, current);
	return true;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Lutomirski49488.06%1257.14%


Vojtech Pavlik223.92%14.76%


John Stultz193.39%14.76%


Andi Kleen101.78%29.52%


Ingo Molnar61.07%14.76%


Eric Dumazet50.89%29.52%


Will Drewry40.71%14.76%


Emil Goode10.18%14.76%


Total561100.00%21100.00%



/*
 * A pseudo VMA to allow ptrace access for the vsyscall page.  This only
 * covers the 64bit vsyscall page now. 32bit has a real VMA now and does
 * not need special handling anymore:
 */



static const char *gate_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
	return "[vsyscall]";
}

Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski16100.00%1100.00%


Total16100.00%1100.00%




static const struct vm_operations_struct gate_vma_ops = {
	.name = gate_vma_name,
};

static struct vm_area_struct gate_vma = {
	.vm_start	= VSYSCALL_ADDR,
	.vm_end		= VSYSCALL_ADDR + PAGE_SIZE,
	.vm_page_prot	= PAGE_READONLY_EXEC,
	.vm_flags	= VM_READ | VM_EXEC,
	.vm_ops		= &gate_vma_ops,
};




struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
	if (!mm || mm->context.ia32_compat)
		return NULL;
#endif
	if (vsyscall_mode == NONE)
		return NULL;
	return &gate_vma;
}


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Andrew Lutomirski4397.73%266.67%


Brian Gerst12.27%133.33%


Total44100.00%3100.00%






int in_gate_area(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
{
	struct vm_area_struct *vma = get_gate_vma(mm);

	if (!vma)
		return 0;

	return (addr >= vma->vm_start) && (addr < vma->vm_end);
}


Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski49100.00%1100.00%


Total49100.00%1100.00%



/*
 * Use this when you have no reliable mm, typically from interrupt
 * context. It is less reliable than using a task's mm and may give
 * false positives.
 */



int in_gate_area_no_mm(unsigned long addr)
{
	return vsyscall_mode != NONE && (addr & PAGE_MASK) == VSYSCALL_ADDR;
}


Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski22100.00%2100.00%


Total22100.00%2100.00%



/*
 * The VSYSCALL page is the only user-accessible page in the kernel address
 * range.  Normally, the kernel page tables can have _PAGE_USER clear, but
 * the tables covering VSYSCALL_ADDR need _PAGE_USER set if vsyscalls
 * are enabled.
 *
 * Some day we may create a "minimal" vsyscall mode in which we emulate
 * vsyscalls but leave the page not present.  If so, we skip calling
 * this.
 */



void __init set_vsyscall_pgtable_user_bits(pgd_t *root)
{
	pgd_t *pgd;
	p4d_t *p4d;
	pud_t *pud;
	pmd_t *pmd;

	pgd = pgd_offset_pgd(root, VSYSCALL_ADDR);
	set_pgd(pgd, __pgd(pgd_val(*pgd) | _PAGE_USER));
	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, VSYSCALL_ADDR);
#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS >= 5
	p4d->p4d |= _PAGE_USER;
#endif
	pud = pud_offset(p4d, VSYSCALL_ADDR);
	set_pud(pud, __pud(pud_val(*pud) | _PAGE_USER));
	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, VSYSCALL_ADDR);
	set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(pmd_val(*pmd) | _PAGE_USER));
}


Contributors
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Andrew Lutomirski123100.00%2100.00%


Total123100.00%2100.00%






void __init map_vsyscall(void)
{
	extern char __vsyscall_page;
	unsigned long physaddr_vsyscall = __pa_symbol(&__vsyscall_page);

	if (vsyscall_mode != NONE) {
		__set_fixmap(VSYSCALL_PAGE, physaddr_vsyscall,
			     vsyscall_mode == NATIVE
			     ? PAGE_KERNEL_VSYSCALL
			     : PAGE_KERNEL_VVAR);
		set_vsyscall_pgtable_user_bits(swapper_pg_dir);
	}

	BUILD_BUG_ON((unsigned long)__fix_to_virt(VSYSCALL_PAGE) !=
		     (unsigned long)VSYSCALL_ADDR);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Lutomirski4464.71%675.00%


Andi Kleen2435.29%225.00%


Total68100.00%8100.00%




Overall Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Lutomirski118488.62%2052.63%


Andi Kleen574.27%25.26%


John Stultz221.65%12.63%


Vojtech Pavlik221.65%12.63%


Ingo Molnar130.97%37.89%


Kees Cook130.97%12.63%


Borislav Petkov80.60%12.63%


Eric Dumazet50.37%25.26%


Will Drewry40.30%12.63%


Joe Perches20.15%12.63%


Srikar Dronamraju20.15%12.63%


Greg Kroah-Hartman10.07%12.63%


Brian Gerst10.07%12.63%


Kirill A. Shutemov10.07%12.63%


Emil Goode10.07%12.63%


Total1336100.00%38100.00%


Directory: arch/x86/entry/vsyscall



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