cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.15 kernel/trace/trace_functions_graph.c

Directory: kernel/trace
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 *
 * Function graph tracer.
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
 * Mostly borrowed from function tracer which
 * is Copyright (c) Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
 *
 */
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>

#include "trace.h"
#include "trace_output.h"


static bool kill_ftrace_graph;

/**
 * ftrace_graph_is_dead - returns true if ftrace_graph_stop() was called
 *
 * ftrace_graph_stop() is called when a severe error is detected in
 * the function graph tracing. This function is called by the critical
 * paths of function graph to keep those paths from doing any more harm.
 */

bool ftrace_graph_is_dead(void) { return kill_ftrace_graph; }

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/** * ftrace_graph_stop - set to permanently disable function graph tracincg * * In case of an error int function graph tracing, this is called * to try to keep function graph tracing from causing any more harm. * Usually this is pretty severe and this is called to try to at least * get a warning out to the user. */
void ftrace_graph_stop(void) { kill_ftrace_graph = true; }

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/* When set, irq functions will be ignored */ static int ftrace_graph_skip_irqs; struct fgraph_cpu_data { pid_t last_pid; int depth; int depth_irq; int ignore; unsigned long enter_funcs[FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH]; }; struct fgraph_data { struct fgraph_cpu_data __percpu *cpu_data; /* Place to preserve last processed entry. */ struct ftrace_graph_ent_entry ent; struct ftrace_graph_ret_entry ret; int failed; int cpu; }; #define TRACE_GRAPH_INDENT 2 unsigned int fgraph_max_depth; static struct tracer_opt trace_opts[] = { /* Display overruns? (for self-debug purpose) */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-overrun, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_OVERRUN) }, /* Display CPU ? */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-cpu, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_CPU) }, /* Display Overhead ? */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-overhead, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_OVERHEAD) }, /* Display proc name/pid */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-proc, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_PROC) }, /* Display duration of execution */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-duration, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_DURATION) }, /* Display absolute time of an entry */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-abstime, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_ABS_TIME) }, /* Display interrupts */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-irqs, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_IRQS) }, /* Display function name after trailing } */ { TRACER_OPT(funcgraph-tail, TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_TAIL) }, /* Include sleep time (scheduled out) between entry and return */ { TRACER_OPT(sleep-time, TRACE_GRAPH_SLEEP_TIME) }, /* Include time within nested functions */ { TRACER_OPT(graph-time, TRACE_GRAPH_GRAPH_TIME) }, { } /* Empty entry */ }; static struct tracer_flags tracer_flags = { /* Don't display overruns, proc, or tail by default */ .val = TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_CPU | TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_OVERHEAD | TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_DURATION | TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_IRQS | TRACE_GRAPH_SLEEP_TIME | TRACE_GRAPH_GRAPH_TIME, .opts = trace_opts }; static struct trace_array *graph_array; /* * DURATION column is being also used to display IRQ signs, * following values are used by print_graph_irq and others * to fill in space into DURATION column. */ enum { FLAGS_FILL_FULL = 1 << TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_FILL_SHIFT, FLAGS_FILL_START = 2 << TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_FILL_SHIFT, FLAGS_FILL_END = 3 << TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_FILL_SHIFT, }; static void print_graph_duration(struct trace_array *tr, unsigned long long duration, struct trace_seq *s, u32 flags); /* Add a function return address to the trace stack on thread info.*/
int ftrace_push_return_trace(unsigned long ret, unsigned long func, int *depth, unsigned long frame_pointer, unsigned long *retp) { unsigned long long calltime; int index; if (unlikely(ftrace_graph_is_dead())) return -EBUSY; if (!current->ret_stack) return -EBUSY; /* * We must make sure the ret_stack is tested before we read * anything else. */ smp_rmb(); /* The return trace stack is full */ if (current->curr_ret_stack == FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH - 1) { atomic_inc(&current->trace_overrun); return -EBUSY; } /* * The curr_ret_stack is an index to ftrace return stack of * current task. Its value should be in [0, FTRACE_RETFUNC_ * DEPTH) when the function graph tracer is used. To support * filtering out specific functions, it makes the index * negative by subtracting huge value (FTRACE_NOTRACE_DEPTH) * so when it sees a negative index the ftrace will ignore * the record. And the index gets recovered when returning * from the filtered function by adding the FTRACE_NOTRACE_ * DEPTH and then it'll continue to record functions normally. * * The curr_ret_stack is initialized to -1 and get increased * in this function. So it can be less than -1 only if it was * filtered out via ftrace_graph_notrace_addr() which can be * set from set_graph_notrace file in tracefs by user. */ if (current->curr_ret_stack < -1) return -EBUSY; calltime = trace_clock_local(); index = ++current->curr_ret_stack; if (ftrace_graph_notrace_addr(func)) current->curr_ret_stack -= FTRACE_NOTRACE_DEPTH; barrier(); current->ret_stack[index].ret = ret; current->ret_stack[index].func = func; current->ret_stack[index].calltime = calltime; #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_FP_TEST current->ret_stack[index].fp = frame_pointer; #endif #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR current->ret_stack[index].retp = retp; #endif *depth = current->curr_ret_stack; return 0; }

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Steven Rostedt14872.91%666.67%
Namhyung Kim2914.29%111.11%
Josh Poimboeuf2612.81%222.22%
Total203100.00%9100.00%

/* Retrieve a function return address to the trace stack on thread info.*/
static void ftrace_pop_return_trace(struct ftrace_graph_ret *trace, unsigned long *ret, unsigned long frame_pointer) { int index; index = current->curr_ret_stack; /* * A negative index here means that it's just returned from a * notrace'd function. Recover index to get an original * return address. See ftrace_push_return_trace(). * * TODO: Need to check whether the stack gets corrupted. */ if (index < 0) index += FTRACE_NOTRACE_DEPTH; if (unlikely(index < 0 || index >= FTRACE_RETFUNC_DEPTH)) { ftrace_graph_stop(); WARN_ON(1); /* Might as well panic, otherwise we have no where to go */ *ret = (unsigned long)panic; return; } #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_FP_TEST /* * The arch may choose to record the frame pointer used * and check it here to make sure that it is what we expect it * to be. If gcc does not set the place holder of the return * address in the frame pointer, and does a copy instead, then * the function graph trace will fail. This test detects this * case. * * Currently, x86_32 with optimize for size (-Os) makes the latest * gcc do the above. * * Note, -mfentry does not use frame pointers, and this test * is not needed if CC_USING_FENTRY is set. */ if (unlikely(current->ret_stack[index].fp != frame_pointer)) { ftrace_graph_stop(); WARN(1, "Bad frame pointer: expected %lx, received %lx\n" " from func %ps return to %lx\n", current->ret_stack[index].fp, frame_pointer, (void *)current->ret_stack[index].func, current->ret_stack[index].ret); *ret = (unsigned long)panic; return; } #endif *ret = current->ret_stack[index].ret; trace->func = current->ret_stack[index].func; trace->calltime = current->ret_stack[index].calltime; trace->overrun = atomic_read(&current->trace_overrun); trace->depth = index; }

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Steven Rostedt19091.35%571.43%
Namhyung Kim157.21%114.29%
Josh Poimboeuf31.44%114.29%
Total208100.00%7100.00%

/* * Send the trace to the ring-buffer. * @return the original return address. */
unsigned long ftrace_return_to_handler(unsigned long frame_pointer) { struct ftrace_graph_ret trace; unsigned long ret; ftrace_pop_return_trace(&trace, &ret, frame_pointer); trace.rettime = trace_clock_local(); barrier(); current->curr_ret_stack--; /* * The curr_ret_stack can be less than -1 only if it was * filtered out and it's about to return from the function. * Recover the index and continue to trace normal functions. */ if (current->curr_ret_stack < -1) { current->curr_ret_stack += FTRACE_NOTRACE_DEPTH; return ret; } /* * The trace should run after decrementing the ret counter * in case an interrupt were to come in. We don't want to * lose the interrupt if max_depth is set. */ ftrace_graph_return(&trace); if (unlikely(!ret)) { ftrace_graph_stop(); WARN_ON(1); /* Might as well panic. What else to do? */ ret = (unsigned long)panic; } return ret; }

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Steven Rostedt8078.43%466.67%
Namhyung Kim2120.59%116.67%
Frédéric Weisbecker10.98%116.67%
Total102100.00%6100.00%

/** * ftrace_graph_ret_addr - convert a potentially modified stack return address * to its original value * * This function can be called by stack unwinding code to convert a found stack * return address ('ret') to its original value, in case the function graph * tracer has modified it to be 'return_to_handler'. If the address hasn't * been modified, the unchanged value of 'ret' is returned. * * 'idx' is a state variable which should be initialized by the caller to zero * before the first call. * * 'retp' is a pointer to the return address on the stack. It's ignored if * the arch doesn't have HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR defined. */ #ifdef HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR
unsigned long ftrace_graph_ret_addr(struct task_struct *task, int *idx, unsigned long ret, unsigned long *retp) { int index = task->curr_ret_stack; int i; if (ret != (unsigned long)return_to_handler) return ret; if (index < -1) index += FTRACE_NOTRACE_DEPTH; if (index < 0) return ret; for (i = 0; i <= index; i++) if (task->ret_stack[i].retp == retp) return task->ret_stack[i].ret; return ret; }

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#else /* !HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR */
unsigned long ftrace_graph_ret_addr(struct task_struct *task, int *idx, unsigned long ret, unsigned long *retp) { int task_idx; if (ret != (unsigned long)return_to_handler) return ret; task_idx = task->curr_ret_stack; if (!task->ret_stack || task_idx < *idx) return ret; task_idx -= *idx; (*idx)++; return task->ret_stack[task_idx].ret; }

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#endif /* HAVE_FUNCTION_GRAPH_RET_ADDR_PTR */
int __trace_graph_entry(struct trace_array *tr, struct ftrace_graph_ent *trace, unsigned long flags, int pc) { struct trace_event_call *call = &event_funcgraph_entry; struct ring_buffer_event *event; struct ring_buffer *buffer = tr->trace_buffer.buffer; struct ftrace_graph_ent_entry *entry; event = trace_buffer_lock_reserve(buffer, TRACE_GRAPH_ENT, sizeof(*entry), flags, pc); if (!event) return 0; entry = ring_buffer_event_data(event); entry->graph_ent = *trace; if (!call_filter_check_discard(call, entry, buffer, event)) trace_buffer_unlock_commit_nostack(buffer, event); return 1; }

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Frédéric Weisbecker9985.34%116.67%
Steven Rostedt1412.07%466.67%
Tom Zanussi32.59%116.67%
Total116100.00%6100.00%


static inline int ftrace_graph_ignore_irqs(void) { if (!ftrace_graph_skip_irqs || trace_recursion_test(TRACE_IRQ_BIT)) return 0; return in_irq(); }

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Steven Rostedt26100.00%2100.00%
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int trace_graph_entry(struct ftrace_graph_ent *trace) { struct trace_array *tr = graph_array; struct trace_array_cpu *data; unsigned long flags; long disabled; int ret; int cpu; int pc; if (!ftrace_trace_task(tr)) return 0; if (ftrace_graph_ignore_func(trace)) return 0; if (ftrace_graph_ignore_irqs()) return 0; /* * Do not trace a function if it's filtered by set_graph_notrace. * Make the index of ret stack negative to indicate that it should * ignore further functions. But it needs its own ret stack entry * to recover the original index in order to continue tracing after * returning from the function. */ if (ftrace_graph_notrace_addr(trace->func)) return 1; /* * Stop here if tracing_threshold is set. We only write function return * events to the ring buffer. */ if (tracing_thresh) return 1; local_irq_save(flags); cpu = raw_smp_processor_id(); data = per_cpu_ptr(tr->trace_buffer.data, cpu); disabled = atomic_inc_return(&data->disabled); if (likely(disabled == 1)) { pc = preempt_count(); ret = __trace_graph_entry(tr, trace, flags, pc); } else { ret = 0; } atomic_dec(&data->disabled); local_irq_restore(flags); return ret; }

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Frédéric Weisbecker13678.61%112.50%
Steven Rostedt169.25%562.50%
Namhyung Kim137.51%112.50%
Joel A Fernandes84.62%112.50%
Total173100.00%8100.00%


static void __trace_graph_function(struct trace_array *tr, unsigned long ip, unsigned long flags, int pc) { u64 time = trace_clock_local(); struct ftrace_graph_ent ent = { .func = ip, .depth = 0, }; struct ftrace_graph_ret ret = { .func = ip, .depth = 0, .calltime = time, .rettime = time, }; __trace_graph_entry(tr, &ent, flags, pc); __trace_graph_return(tr, &ret, flags, pc); }

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Jiri Olsa94100.00%1100.00%
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void trace_graph_function(struct trace_array *tr, unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip, unsigned long flags, int pc) { __trace_graph_function(tr, ip, flags, pc); }

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Jiri Olsa36100.00%1100.00%
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void __trace_graph_return(struct trace_array *tr, struct ftrace_graph_ret *trace, unsigned long flags, int pc) { struct trace_event_call *call = &event_funcgraph_exit; struct ring_buffer_event *event; struct ring_buffer *buffer = tr->trace_buffer.buffer; struct ftrace_graph_ret_entry *entry; event = trace_buffer_lock_reserve(buffer, TRACE_GRAPH_RET, sizeof(*entry), flags, pc); if (!event) return; entry = ring_buffer_event_data(event); entry->ret = *trace; if (!call_filter_check_discard(call, entry, buffer, event)) trace_buffer_unlock_commit_nostack(buffer, event); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker9484.68%116.67%
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Tom Zanussi32.70%116.67%
Total111100.00%6100.00%


void trace_graph_return(struct ftrace_graph_ret *trace) { struct trace_array *tr = graph_array; struct trace_array_cpu *data; unsigned long flags; long disabled; int cpu; int pc; local_irq_save(flags); cpu = raw_smp_processor_id(); data = per_cpu_ptr(tr->trace_buffer.data, cpu); disabled = atomic_inc_return(&data->disabled); if (likely(disabled == 1)) { pc = preempt_count(); __trace_graph_return(tr, trace, flags, pc); } atomic_dec(&data->disabled); local_irq_restore(flags); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker10294.44%133.33%
Steven Rostedt65.56%266.67%
Total108100.00%3100.00%


void set_graph_array(struct trace_array *tr) { graph_array = tr; /* Make graph_array visible before we start tracing */ smp_mb(); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker18100.00%1100.00%
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static void trace_graph_thresh_return(struct ftrace_graph_ret *trace) { if (tracing_thresh && (trace->rettime - trace->calltime < tracing_thresh)) return; else trace_graph_return(trace); }

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Tim Bird3397.06%150.00%
Steven Rostedt12.94%150.00%
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static int graph_trace_init(struct trace_array *tr) { int ret; set_graph_array(tr); if (tracing_thresh) ret = register_ftrace_graph(&trace_graph_thresh_return, &trace_graph_entry); else ret = register_ftrace_graph(&trace_graph_return, &trace_graph_entry); if (ret) return ret; tracing_start_cmdline_record(); return 0; }

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Frédéric Weisbecker3050.85%457.14%
Tim Bird1525.42%114.29%
Steven Rostedt1322.03%114.29%
Joel A Fernandes11.69%114.29%
Total59100.00%7100.00%


static void graph_trace_reset(struct trace_array *tr) { tracing_stop_cmdline_record(); unregister_ftrace_graph(); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker1482.35%150.00%
Steven Rostedt317.65%150.00%
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static int graph_trace_update_thresh(struct trace_array *tr) { graph_trace_reset(tr); return graph_trace_init(tr); }

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Stanislav Fomichev2195.45%150.00%
Steven Rostedt14.55%150.00%
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static int max_bytes_for_cpu;
static void print_graph_cpu(struct trace_seq *s, int cpu) { /* * Start with a space character - to make it stand out * to the right a bit when trace output is pasted into * email: */ trace_seq_printf(s, " %*d) ", max_bytes_for_cpu, cpu); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker1765.38%125.00%
Ingo Molnar519.23%125.00%
Steven Rostedt27.69%125.00%
Lai Jiangshan27.69%125.00%
Total26100.00%4100.00%

#define TRACE_GRAPH_PROCINFO_LENGTH 14
static void print_graph_proc(struct trace_seq *s, pid_t pid) { char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; /* sign + log10(MAX_INT) + '\0' */ char pid_str[11]; int spaces = 0; int len; int i; trace_find_cmdline(pid, comm); comm[7] = '\0'; sprintf(pid_str, "%d", pid); /* 1 stands for the "-" character */ len = strlen(comm) + strlen(pid_str) + 1; if (len < TRACE_GRAPH_PROCINFO_LENGTH) spaces = TRACE_GRAPH_PROCINFO_LENGTH - len; /* First spaces to align center */ for (i = 0; i < spaces / 2; i++) trace_seq_putc(s, ' '); trace_seq_printf(s, "%s-%s", comm, pid_str); /* Last spaces to align center */ for (i = 0; i < spaces - (spaces / 2); i++) trace_seq_putc(s, ' '); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker13087.25%125.00%
Steven Rostedt1510.07%250.00%
Jovi Zhangwei42.68%125.00%
Total149100.00%4100.00%


static void print_graph_lat_fmt(struct trace_seq *s, struct trace_entry *entry) { trace_seq_putc(s, ' '); trace_print_lat_fmt(s, entry); }

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Steven Rostedt30100.00%4100.00%
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/* If the pid changed since the last trace, output this event */
static void verif_pid(struct trace_seq *s, pid_t pid, int cpu, struct fgraph_data *data) { pid_t prev_pid; pid_t *last_pid; if (!data) return; last_pid = &(per_cpu_ptr(data->cpu_data, cpu)->last_pid); if (*last_pid == pid) return; prev_pid = *last_pid; *last_pid = pid; if (prev_pid == -1) return; /* * Context-switch trace line: ------------------------------------------ | 1) migration/0--1 => sshd-1755 ------------------------------------------ */ trace_seq_puts(s, " ------------------------------------------\n"); print_graph_cpu(s, cpu); print_graph_proc(s, prev_pid); trace_seq_puts(s, " => "); print_graph_proc(s, pid); trace_seq_puts(s, "\n ------------------------------------------\n\n"); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker7663.33%650.00%
Ingo Molnar2117.50%18.33%
Steven Rostedt1815.00%325.00%
Jovi Zhangwei32.50%18.33%
Jiri Olsa21.67%18.33%
Total120100.00%12100.00%


static struct ftrace_graph_ret_entry * get_return_for_leaf(struct trace_iterator *iter, struct ftrace_graph_ent_entry *curr) { struct fgraph_data *data = iter->private; struct ring_buffer_iter *ring_iter = NULL; struct ring_buffer_event *event; struct ftrace_graph_ret_entry *next; /* * If the previous output failed to write to the seq buffer, * then we just reuse the data from before. */ if (data && data->failed) { curr = &data->ent; next = &data->ret; } else { ring_iter = trace_buffer_iter(iter, iter->cpu); /* First peek to compare current entry and the next one */ if (ring_iter) event = ring_buffer_iter_peek(ring_iter, NULL); else { /* * We need to consume the current entry to see * the next one. */ ring_buffer_consume(iter->trace_buffer->buffer, iter->cpu, NULL, NULL); event = ring_buffer_peek(iter->trace_buffer->buffer, iter->cpu, NULL, NULL); } if (!event) return NULL; next = ring_buffer_event_data(event); if (data) { /* * Save current and next entries for later reference * if the output fails. */ data->ent = *curr; /* * If the next event is not a return type, then * we only care about what type it is. Otherwise we can * safely copy the entire event. */ if (next->ent.type == TRACE_GRAPH_RET) data->ret = *next; else data->ret.ent.type = next->ent.type; } } if (next->ent.type != TRACE_GRAPH_RET) return NULL; if (curr->ent.pid != next->ent.pid || curr->graph_ent.func != next->ret.func) return NULL; /* this is a leaf, now advance the iterator */ if (ring_iter) ring_buffer_read(ring_iter, NULL); return next; }

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Frédéric Weisbecker15962.11%337.50%
Jiri Olsa6123.83%112.50%
David Shaohua Li2610.16%112.50%
Steven Rostedt103.91%337.50%
Total256100.00%8100.00%


static void print_graph_abs_time(u64 t, struct trace_seq *s) { unsigned long usecs_rem; usecs_rem = do_div(t, NSEC_PER_SEC); usecs_rem /= 1000; trace_seq_printf(s, "%5lu.%06lu | ", (unsigned long)t, usecs_rem); }

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Frédéric Weisbecker4495.65%150.00%
Steven Rostedt24.35%150.00%
Total46100.00%2100.00%


static void print_graph_irq(struct trace_iterator *iter, unsigned long addr, enum trace_type type, int cpu, pid_t pid, u32 flags) { struct trace_array *tr = iter->tr; struct trace_seq *s = &iter->seq; struct trace_entry *ent = iter->ent; if (addr < (unsigned long)__irqentry_text_start || addr >= (unsigned long)__irqentry_text_end) return; if (tr->trace_flags & TRACE_ITER_CONTEXT_INFO) { /* Absolute time */ if (flags & TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_ABS_TIME) print_graph_abs_time(iter->ts, s); /* Cpu */ if (flags & TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_CPU) print_graph_cpu(s, cpu); /* Proc */ if (flags & TRACE_GRAPH_PRINT_PROC) { print_graph_proc(s,