cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.16 arch/arm/mm/dump.c

Directory: arch/arm/mm
/*
 * Debug helper to dump the current kernel pagetables of the system
 * so that we can see what the various memory ranges are set to.
 *
 * Derived from x86 implementation:
 * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation
 *
 * Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
 * of the License.
 */
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>

#include <asm/domain.h>
#include <asm/fixmap.h>
#include <asm/memory.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/ptdump.h>


static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
	{ MODULES_VADDR,	"Modules" },
	{ PAGE_OFFSET,		"Kernel Mapping" },
	{ 0,			"vmalloc() Area" },
	{ VMALLOC_END,		"vmalloc() End" },
	{ FIXADDR_START,	"Fixmap Area" },
	{ VECTORS_BASE,	"Vectors" },
	{ VECTORS_BASE + PAGE_SIZE * 2, "Vectors End" },
	{ -1,			NULL },
};


#define pt_dump_seq_printf(m, fmt, args...) \
({                      \
        if (m)                                  \
                seq_printf(m, fmt, ##args);     \
})


#define pt_dump_seq_puts(m, fmt)    \
({                                              \
        if (m)                                  \
                seq_printf(m, fmt);     \
})


struct pg_state {
	
struct seq_file *seq;
	
const struct addr_marker *marker;
	
unsigned long start_address;
	
unsigned level;
	
u64 current_prot;
	
bool check_wx;
	
unsigned long wx_pages;
	
const char *current_domain;
};


struct prot_bits {
	
u64		mask;
	
u64		val;
	
const char	*set;
	
const char	*clear;
	
bool		ro_bit;
	
bool		nx_bit;
};


static const struct prot_bits pte_bits[] = {
	{
		.mask	= L_PTE_USER,
		.val	= L_PTE_USER,
		.set	= "USR",
		.clear	= "   ",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_RDONLY,
		.val	= L_PTE_RDONLY,
		.set	= "ro",
		.clear	= "RW",
		.ro_bit	= true,
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_XN,
		.val	= L_PTE_XN,
		.set	= "NX",
		.clear	= "x ",
		.nx_bit	= true,
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_SHARED,
		.val	= L_PTE_SHARED,
		.set	= "SHD",
		.clear	= "   ",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_UNCACHED,
		.set	= "SO/UNCACHED",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_BUFFERABLE,
		.set	= "MEM/BUFFERABLE/WC",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_WRITETHROUGH,
		.set	= "MEM/CACHED/WT",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_WRITEBACK,
		.set	= "MEM/CACHED/WBRA",
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
	}, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_MINICACHE,
		.set	= "MEM/MINICACHE",
#endif
	}, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_WRITEALLOC,
		.set	= "MEM/CACHED/WBWA",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_DEV_SHARED,
		.set	= "DEV/SHARED",
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
	}, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_DEV_NONSHARED,
		.set	= "DEV/NONSHARED",
#endif
	}, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_DEV_WC,
		.set	= "DEV/WC",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PTE_MT_MASK,
		.val	= L_PTE_MT_DEV_CACHED,
		.set	= "DEV/CACHED",
        },
};


static const struct prot_bits section_bits[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
	{
		.mask	= PMD_SECT_USER,
		.val	= PMD_SECT_USER,
		.set	= "USR",
        }, {
		.mask	= L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY | PMD_SECT_AP2,
		.val	= L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY | PMD_SECT_AP2,
		.set	= "ro",
		.clear	= "RW",
		.ro_bit	= true,
#elif __LINUX_ARM_ARCH__ >= 6
	{
		.mask	= PMD_SECT_APX | PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val	= PMD_SECT_APX | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.set	= "    ro",
		.ro_bit	= true,
        }, {
		.mask	= PMD_SECT_APX | PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val	= PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.set	= "    RW",
        }, {
		.mask	= PMD_SECT_APX | PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val	= PMD_SECT_AP_READ,
		.set	= "USR ro",
        }, {
		.mask	= PMD_SECT_APX | PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val	= PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.set	= "USR RW",
#else /* ARMv4/ARMv5  */
	/* These are approximate */
	{
		.mask   = PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val    = 0,
		.set    = "    ro",
		.ro_bit	= true,
        }, {
		.mask   = PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val    = PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.set    = "    RW",
        }, {
		.mask   = PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val    = PMD_SECT_AP_READ,
		.set    = "USR ro",
        }, {
		.mask   = PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.val    = PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.set    = "USR RW",
#endif
	}, {
		.mask	= PMD_SECT_XN,
		.val	= PMD_SECT_XN,
		.set	= "NX",
		.clear	= "x ",
		.nx_bit	= true,
        }, {
		.mask	= PMD_SECT_S,
		.val	= PMD_SECT_S,
		.set	= "SHD",
		.clear	= "   ",
        },
};

struct 
pg_level {
	
const struct prot_bits *bits;
	
size_t num;
	
u64 mask;
	
const struct prot_bits *ro_bit;
	
const struct prot_bits *nx_bit;
};


static struct pg_level pg_level[] = {
	{
        }, { /* pgd */
	}, { /* pud */
	}, { /* pmd */
		.bits	= section_bits,
		.num	= ARRAY_SIZE(section_bits),
        }, { /* pte */
		.bits	= pte_bits,
		.num	= ARRAY_SIZE(pte_bits),
        },
};


static void dump_prot(struct pg_state *st, const struct prot_bits *bits, size_t num)
{
	unsigned i;

	for (i = 0; i < num; i++, bits++) {
		const char *s;

		if ((st->current_prot & bits->mask) == bits->val)
			s = bits->set;
		else
			s = bits->clear;

		if (s)
			pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " %s", s);
	}
}


static void note_prot_wx(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
{
	if (!st->check_wx)
		return;
	if ((st->current_prot & pg_level[st->level].ro_bit->mask) ==
				pg_level[st->level].ro_bit->val)
		return;
	if ((st->current_prot & pg_level[st->level].nx_bit->mask) ==
				pg_level[st->level].nx_bit->val)
		return;

	WARN_ONCE(1, "arm/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address %pS\n",
			(void *)st->start_address);

	st->wx_pages += (addr - st->start_address) / PAGE_SIZE;

} static void note_page(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr, unsigned int level, u64 val, const char *domain) { static const char units[] = "KMGTPE"; u64 prot = val & pg_level[level].mask; if (!st->level) { st->level = level; st->current_prot = prot; st->current_domain = domain; pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name); } else if (prot != st->current_prot || level != st->level || domain != st->current_domain || addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) { const char *unit = units; unsigned long delta; if (st->current_prot) { note_prot_wx(st, addr); pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "0x%08lx-0x%08lx ", st->start_address, addr); delta = (addr - st->start_address) >> 10; while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) { delta >>= 10; unit++; } pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "%9lu%c", delta, *unit); if (st->current_domain) pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, " %s", st->current_domain); if (pg_level[st->level].bits) dump_prot(st, pg_level[st->level].bits, pg_level[st->level].num); pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "\n"); } if (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) { st->marker++; pt_dump_seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name); } st->start_address = addr; st->current_prot = prot; st->current_domain = domain; st->level = level; } }

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Russell King25676.65%125.00%
Jinbum Park4212.57%250.00%
Kees Cook3610.78%125.00%
Total334100.00%4100.00%


static void walk_pte(struct pg_state *st, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start, const char *domain) { pte_t *pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0); unsigned long addr; unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pte++) { addr = start + i * PAGE_SIZE; note_page(st, addr, 4, pte_val(*pte), domain); } }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Russell King5868.24%133.33%
Jinbum Park2529.41%133.33%
Kees Cook22.35%133.33%
Total85100.00%3100.00%


static const char *get_domain_name(pmd_t *pmd) { #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE switch (pmd_val(*pmd) & PMD_DOMAIN_MASK) { case PMD_DOMAIN(DOMAIN_KERNEL): return "KERNEL "; case PMD_DOMAIN(DOMAIN_USER): return "USER "; case PMD_DOMAIN(DOMAIN_IO): return "IO "; case PMD_DOMAIN(DOMAIN_VECTORS): return "VECTORS"; default: return "unknown"; } #endif return NULL; }

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Kees Cook6691.67%150.00%
Jinbum Park68.33%150.00%
Total72100.00%2100.00%


static void walk_pmd(struct pg_state *st, pud_t *pud, unsigned long start) { pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0); unsigned long addr; unsigned i; const char *domain; for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, pmd++) { addr = start + i * PMD_SIZE; domain = get_domain_name(pmd); if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_large(*pmd) || !pmd_present(*pmd)) note_page(st, addr, 3, pmd_val(*pmd), domain); else walk_pte(st, pmd, addr, domain); if (SECTION_SIZE < PMD_SIZE && pmd_large(pmd[1])) { addr += SECTION_SIZE; pmd++; domain = get_domain_name(pmd); note_page(st, addr, 3, pmd_val(*pmd), domain); } } }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Russell King8951.74%125.00%
Kees Cook6135.47%250.00%
Jinbum Park2212.79%125.00%
Total172100.00%4100.00%


static void walk_pud(struct pg_state *st, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long start) { pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0); unsigned long addr; unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, pud++) { addr = start + i * PUD_SIZE; if (!pud_none(*pud)) { walk_pmd(st, pud, addr); } else { note_page(st, addr, 2, pud_val(*pud), NULL); } } }

Contributors

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Russell King7976.70%133.33%
Jinbum Park2221.36%133.33%
Kees Cook21.94%133.33%
Total103100.00%3100.00%


static void walk_pgd(struct pg_state *st, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start) { pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(mm, 0UL); unsigned i; unsigned long addr; for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++, pgd++) { addr = start + i * PGDIR_SIZE; if (!pgd_none(*pgd)) { walk_pud(st, pgd, addr); } else { note_page(st, addr, 1, pgd_val(*pgd), NULL); } } }

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PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Russell King7067.31%120.00%
Jinbum Park3129.81%240.00%
Kees Cook21.92%120.00%
Mark Rutland10.96%120.00%
Total104100.00%5100.00%


void ptdump_walk_pgd(struct seq_file *m, struct ptdump_info *info) { struct pg_state st = { .seq = m, .marker = info->markers, .check_wx = false, }; walk_pgd(&st, info->mm, info->base_addr); note_page(&st, 0, 0, 0, NULL); }

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Jinbum Park5684.85%250.00%
Russell King710.61%125.00%
Kees Cook34.55%125.00%
Total66100.00%4100.00%


static void ptdump_initialize(void) { unsigned i, j; for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pg_level); i++) if (pg_level[i].bits) for (j = 0; j < pg_level[i].num; j++) { pg_level[i].mask |= pg_level[i].bits[j].mask; if (pg_level[i].bits[j].ro_bit) pg_level[i].ro_bit = &pg_level[i].bits[j]; if (pg_level[i].bits[j].nx_bit) pg_level[i].nx_bit = &pg_level[i].bits[j]; } address_markers[2].start_address = VMALLOC_START; }

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Jinbum Park7650.67%266.67%
Russell King7449.33%133.33%
Total150100.00%3100.00%

static struct ptdump_info kernel_ptdump_info = { .mm = &init_mm, .markers = address_markers, .base_addr = 0, };
void ptdump_check_wx(void) { struct pg_state st = { .seq = NULL, .marker = (struct addr_marker[]) { { 0, NULL}, { -1, NULL}, }, .check_wx = true, }; walk_pgd(&st, &init_mm, 0); note_page(&st, 0, 0, 0, NULL); if (st.wx_pages) pr_warn("Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, %lu W+X pages found\n", st.wx_pages); else pr_info("Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found\n"); }

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Jinbum Park92100.00%1100.00%
Total92100.00%1100.00%


static int ptdump_init(void) { ptdump_initialize(); return ptdump_debugfs_register(&kernel_ptdump_info, "kernel_page_tables"); }

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Jinbum Park1785.00%266.67%
Russell King315.00%133.33%
Total20100.00%3100.00%

__initcall(ptdump_init);

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Russell King136860.64%19.09%
Jinbum Park59226.24%327.27%
Kees Cook28412.59%327.27%
Afzal Mohammed50.22%19.09%
Philip Derrin40.18%19.09%
Steve Capper20.09%19.09%
Mark Rutland10.04%19.09%
Total2256100.00%11100.00%
Directory: arch/arm/mm
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