cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.17 fs/proc/kcore.c

Directory: fs/proc
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 *      fs/proc/kcore.c kernel ELF core dumper
 *
 *      Modelled on fs/exec.c:aout_core_dump()
 *      Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@sw.oz.au>
 *      ELF version written by David Howells <David.Howells@nexor.co.uk>
 *      Modified and incorporated into 2.3.x by Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
 *      Support to dump vmalloc'd areas (ELF only), Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com>
 *      Safe accesses to vmalloc/direct-mapped discontiguous areas, Kanoj Sarcar <kanoj@sgi.com>
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/kcore.h>
#include <linux/user.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/elf.h>
#include <linux/elfcore.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/memory.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include "internal.h"


#define CORE_STR "CORE"

#ifndef ELF_CORE_EFLAGS

#define ELF_CORE_EFLAGS	0
#endif


static struct proc_dir_entry *proc_root_kcore;


#ifndef kc_vaddr_to_offset

#define	kc_vaddr_to_offset(v) ((v) - PAGE_OFFSET)
#endif
#ifndef	kc_offset_to_vaddr

#define	kc_offset_to_vaddr(o) ((o) + PAGE_OFFSET)
#endif

/* An ELF note in memory */

struct memelfnote
{
	
const char *name;
	
int type;
	
unsigned int datasz;
	
void *data;
};

static LIST_HEAD(kclist_head);
static DEFINE_RWLOCK(kclist_lock);

static int kcore_need_update = 1;


void kclist_add(struct kcore_list *new, void *addr, size_t size, int type) { new->addr = (unsigned long)addr; new->size = size; new->type = type; write_lock(&kclist_lock); list_add_tail(&new->list, &kclist_head); write_unlock(&kclist_lock); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Andrew Morton4873.85%133.33%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki1726.15%266.67%
Total65100.00%3100.00%


static size_t get_kcore_size(int *nphdr, size_t *elf_buflen) { size_t try, size; struct kcore_list *m; *nphdr = 1; /* PT_NOTE */ size = 0; list_for_each_entry(m, &kclist_head, list) { try = kc_vaddr_to_offset((size_t)m->addr + m->size); if (try > size) size = try; *nphdr = *nphdr + 1; } *elf_buflen = sizeof(struct elfhdr) + (*nphdr + 2)*sizeof(struct elf_phdr) + 3 * ((sizeof(struct elf_note)) + roundup(sizeof(CORE_STR), 4)) + roundup(sizeof(struct elf_prstatus), 4) + roundup(sizeof(struct elf_prpsinfo), 4) + roundup(arch_task_struct_size, 4); *elf_buflen = PAGE_ALIGN(*elf_buflen); return size + *elf_buflen; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki13279.52%116.67%
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)2716.27%350.00%
Andrew Morton63.61%116.67%
Dave Hansen10.60%116.67%
Total166100.00%6100.00%


static void free_kclist_ents(struct list_head *head) { struct kcore_list *tmp, *pos; list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, tmp, head, list) { list_del(&pos->list); kfree(pos); } }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki44100.00%1100.00%
Total44100.00%1100.00%

/* * Replace all KCORE_RAM/KCORE_VMEMMAP information with passed list. */
static void __kcore_update_ram(struct list_head *list) { int nphdr; size_t size; struct kcore_list *tmp, *pos; LIST_HEAD(garbage); write_lock(&kclist_lock); if (kcore_need_update) { list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, tmp, &kclist_head, list) { if (pos->type == KCORE_RAM || pos->type == KCORE_VMEMMAP) list_move(&pos->list, &garbage); } list_splice_tail(list, &kclist_head); } else list_splice(list, &garbage); kcore_need_update = 0; proc_root_kcore->size = get_kcore_size(&nphdr, &size); write_unlock(&kclist_lock); free_kclist_ents(&garbage); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki125100.00%3100.00%
Total125100.00%3100.00%

#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM /* * If no highmem, we can assume [0...max_low_pfn) continuous range of memory * because memory hole is not as big as !HIGHMEM case. * (HIGHMEM is special because part of memory is _invisible_ from the kernel.) */
static int kcore_update_ram(void) { LIST_HEAD(head); struct kcore_list *ent; int ret = 0; ent = kmalloc(sizeof(*ent), GFP_KERNEL); if (!ent) return -ENOMEM; ent->addr = (unsigned long)__va(0); ent->size = max_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT; ent->type = KCORE_RAM; list_add(&ent->list, &head); __kcore_update_ram(&head); return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki92100.00%1100.00%
Total92100.00%1100.00%

#else /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */ #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP /* calculate vmemmap's address from given system ram pfn and register it */
static int get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info(struct kcore_list *ent, struct list_head *head) { unsigned long pfn = __pa(ent->addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT; unsigned long nr_pages = ent->size >> PAGE_SHIFT; unsigned long start, end; struct kcore_list *vmm, *tmp; start = ((unsigned long)pfn_to_page(pfn)) & PAGE_MASK; end = ((unsigned long)pfn_to_page(pfn + nr_pages)) - 1; end = PAGE_ALIGN(end); /* overlap check (because we have to align page */ list_for_each_entry(tmp, head, list) { if (tmp->type != KCORE_VMEMMAP) continue; if (start < tmp->addr + tmp->size) if (end > tmp->addr) end = tmp->addr; } if (start < end) { vmm = kmalloc(sizeof(*vmm), GFP_KERNEL); if (!vmm) return 0; vmm->addr = start; vmm->size = end - start; vmm->type = KCORE_VMEMMAP; list_add_tail(&vmm->list, head); } return 1; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki19899.00%133.33%
Djalal Harouni10.50%133.33%
Fabian Frederick10.50%133.33%
Total200100.00%3100.00%

#else
static int get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info(struct kcore_list *ent, struct list_head *head) { return 1; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki1894.74%150.00%
Djalal Harouni15.26%150.00%
Total19100.00%2100.00%

#endif
static int kclist_add_private(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages, void *arg) { struct list_head *head = (struct list_head *)arg; struct kcore_list *ent; struct page *p; if (!pfn_valid(pfn)) return 1; p = pfn_to_page(pfn); if (!memmap_valid_within(pfn, p, page_zone(p))) return 1; ent = kmalloc(sizeof(*ent), GFP_KERNEL); if (!ent) return -ENOMEM; ent->addr = (unsigned long)page_to_virt(p); ent->size = nr_pages << PAGE_SHIFT; if (!virt_addr_valid(ent->addr)) goto free_out; /* cut not-mapped area. ....from ppc-32 code. */ if (ULONG_MAX - ent->addr < ent->size) ent->size = ULONG_MAX - ent->addr; /* * We've already checked virt_addr_valid so we know this address * is a valid pointer, therefore we can check against it to determine * if we need to trim */ if (VMALLOC_START > ent->addr) { if (VMALLOC_START - ent->addr < ent->size) ent->size = VMALLOC_START - ent->addr; } ent->type = KCORE_RAM; list_add_tail(&ent->list, head); if (!get_sparsemem_vmemmap_info(ent, head)) { list_del(&ent->list); goto free_out; } return 0; free_out: kfree(ent); return 1; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki19280.00%266.67%
Laura Abbott4820.00%133.33%
Total240100.00%3100.00%


static int kcore_update_ram(void) { int nid, ret; unsigned long end_pfn; LIST_HEAD(head); /* Not inialized....update now */ /* find out "max pfn" */ end_pfn = 0; for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) { unsigned long node_end; node_end = node_end_pfn(nid); if (end_pfn < node_end) end_pfn = node_end; } /* scan 0 to max_pfn */ ret = walk_system_ram_range(0, end_pfn, &head, kclist_add_private); if (ret) { free_kclist_ents(&head); return -ENOMEM; } __kcore_update_ram(&head); return ret; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki7072.16%228.57%
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)1717.53%114.29%
Magnus Damm66.19%114.29%
Andrew Morton22.06%114.29%
Xishi Qiu11.03%114.29%
Lai Jiangshan11.03%114.29%
Total97100.00%7100.00%

#endif /* CONFIG_HIGHMEM */ /*****************************************************************************/ /* * determine size of ELF note */
static int notesize(struct memelfnote *en) { int sz; sz = sizeof(struct elf_note); sz += roundup((strlen(en->name) + 1), 4); sz += roundup(en->datasz, 4); return sz; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)5092.59%150.00%
Vivek Goyal47.41%150.00%
Total54100.00%2100.00%

/* end notesize() */ /*****************************************************************************/ /* * store a note in the header buffer */
static char *storenote(struct memelfnote *men, char *bufp) { struct elf_note en; #define DUMP_WRITE(addr,nr) do { memcpy(bufp,addr,nr); bufp += nr; } while(0) en.n_namesz = strlen(men->name) + 1; en.n_descsz = men->datasz; en.n_type = men->type; DUMP_WRITE(&en, sizeof(en)); DUMP_WRITE(men->name, en.n_namesz); /* XXX - cast from long long to long to avoid need for libgcc.a */ bufp = (char*) roundup((unsigned long)bufp,4); DUMP_WRITE(men->data, men->datasz); bufp = (char*) roundup((unsigned long)bufp,4); #undef DUMP_WRITE return bufp; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)13098.48%150.00%
Vivek Goyal21.52%150.00%
Total132100.00%2100.00%

/* end storenote() */ /* * store an ELF coredump header in the supplied buffer * nphdr is the number of elf_phdr to insert */
static void elf_kcore_store_hdr(char *bufp, int nphdr, int dataoff) { struct elf_prstatus prstatus; /* NT_PRSTATUS */ struct elf_prpsinfo prpsinfo; /* NT_PRPSINFO */ struct elf_phdr *nhdr, *phdr; struct elfhdr *elf; struct memelfnote notes[3]; off_t offset = 0; struct kcore_list *m; /* setup ELF header */ elf = (struct elfhdr *) bufp; bufp += sizeof(struct elfhdr); offset += sizeof(struct elfhdr); memcpy(elf->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG); elf->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELF_CLASS; elf->e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELF_DATA; elf->e_ident[EI_VERSION]= EV_CURRENT; elf->e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELF_OSABI; memset(elf->e_ident+EI_PAD, 0, EI_NIDENT-EI_PAD); elf->e_type = ET_CORE; elf->e_machine = ELF_ARCH; elf->e_version = EV_CURRENT; elf->e_entry = 0; elf->e_phoff = sizeof(struct elfhdr); elf->e_shoff = 0; elf->e_flags = ELF_CORE_EFLAGS; elf->e_ehsize = sizeof(struct elfhdr); elf->e_phentsize= sizeof(struct elf_phdr); elf->e_phnum = nphdr; elf->e_shentsize= 0; elf->e_shnum = 0; elf->e_shstrndx = 0; /* setup ELF PT_NOTE program header */ nhdr = (struct elf_phdr *) bufp; bufp += sizeof(struct elf_phdr); offset += sizeof(struct elf_phdr); nhdr->p_type = PT_NOTE; nhdr->p_offset = 0; nhdr->p_vaddr = 0; nhdr->p_paddr = 0; nhdr->p_filesz = 0; nhdr->p_memsz = 0; nhdr->p_flags = 0; nhdr->p_align = 0; /* setup ELF PT_LOAD program header for every area */ list_for_each_entry(m, &kclist_head, list) { phdr = (struct elf_phdr *) bufp; bufp += sizeof(struct elf_phdr); offset += sizeof(struct elf_phdr); phdr->p_type = PT_LOAD; phdr->p_flags = PF_R|PF_W|PF_X; phdr->p_offset = kc_vaddr_to_offset(m->addr) + dataoff; phdr->p_vaddr = (size_t)m->addr; if (m->type == KCORE_RAM || m->type == KCORE_TEXT) phdr->p_paddr = __pa(m->addr); else phdr->p_paddr = (elf_addr_t)-1; phdr->p_filesz = phdr->p_memsz = m->size; phdr->p_align = PAGE_SIZE; } /* * Set up the notes in similar form to SVR4 core dumps made * with info from their /proc. */ nhdr->p_offset = offset; /* set up the process status */ notes[0].name = CORE_STR; notes[0].type = NT_PRSTATUS; notes[0].datasz = sizeof(struct elf_prstatus); notes[0].data = &prstatus; memset(&prstatus, 0, sizeof(struct elf_prstatus)); nhdr->p_filesz = notesize(&notes[0]); bufp = storenote(&notes[0], bufp); /* set up the process info */ notes[1].name = CORE_STR; notes[1].type = NT_PRPSINFO; notes[1].datasz = sizeof(struct elf_prpsinfo); notes[1].data = &prpsinfo; memset(&prpsinfo, 0, sizeof(struct elf_prpsinfo)); prpsinfo.pr_state = 0; prpsinfo.pr_sname = 'R'; prpsinfo.pr_zomb = 0; strcpy(prpsinfo.pr_fname, "vmlinux"); strlcpy(prpsinfo.pr_psargs, saved_command_line, sizeof(prpsinfo.pr_psargs)); nhdr->p_filesz += notesize(&notes[1]); bufp = storenote(&notes[1], bufp); /* set up the task structure */ notes[2].name = CORE_STR; notes[2].type = NT_TASKSTRUCT; notes[2].datasz = arch_task_struct_size; notes[2].data = current; nhdr->p_filesz += notesize(&notes[2]); bufp = storenote(&notes[2], bufp); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)64089.51%538.46%
Pratyush Anand314.34%17.69%
Andrew Morton152.10%17.69%
Matthew Wilcox91.26%17.69%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki81.12%17.69%
Zhao Hongjiang70.98%17.69%
Magnus Damm30.42%17.69%
Dave Hansen10.14%17.69%
Edgar E. Iglesias10.14%17.69%
Total715100.00%13100.00%

/* end elf_kcore_store_hdr() */ /*****************************************************************************/ /* * read from the ELF header and then kernel memory */
static ssize_t read_kcore(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t buflen, loff_t *fpos) { char *buf = file->private_data; ssize_t acc = 0; size_t size, tsz; size_t elf_buflen; int nphdr; unsigned long start; read_lock(&kclist_lock); size = get_kcore_size(&nphdr, &elf_buflen); if (buflen == 0 || *fpos >= size) { read_unlock(&kclist_lock); return 0; } /* trim buflen to not go beyond EOF */ if (buflen > size - *fpos) buflen = size - *fpos; /* construct an ELF core header if we'll need some of it */ if (*fpos < elf_buflen) { char * elf_buf; tsz = elf_buflen - *fpos; if (buflen < tsz) tsz = buflen; elf_buf = kzalloc(elf_buflen, GFP_ATOMIC); if (!elf_buf) { read_unlock(&kclist_lock); return -ENOMEM; } elf_kcore_store_hdr(elf_buf, nphdr, elf_buflen); read_unlock(&kclist_lock); if (copy_to_user(buffer, elf_buf + *fpos, tsz)) { kfree(elf_buf); return -EFAULT; } kfree(elf_buf); buflen -= tsz; *fpos += tsz; buffer += tsz; acc += tsz; /* leave now if filled buffer already */ if (buflen == 0) return acc; } else read_unlock(&kclist_lock); /* * Check to see if our file offset matches with any of * the addresses in the elf_phdr on our list. */ start = kc_offset_to_vaddr(*fpos - elf_buflen); if ((tsz = (PAGE_SIZE - (start & ~PAGE_MASK))) > buflen) tsz = buflen; while (buflen) { struct kcore_list *m; read_lock(&kclist_lock); list_for_each_entry(m, &kclist_head, list) { if (start >= m->addr && start < (m->addr+m->size)) break; } read_unlock(&kclist_lock); if (&m->list == &kclist_head) { if (clear_user(buffer, tsz)) return -EFAULT; } else if (m->type == KCORE_VMALLOC) { vread(buf, (char *)start, tsz); /* we have to zero-fill user buffer even if no read */ if (copy_to_user(buffer, buf, tsz)) return -EFAULT; } else if (m->type == KCORE_USER) { /* User page is handled prior to normal kernel page: */ if (copy_to_user(buffer, (char *)start, tsz)) return -EFAULT; } else { if (kern_addr_valid(start)) { /* * Using bounce buffer to bypass the * hardened user copy kernel text checks. */ if (probe_kernel_read(buf, (void *) start, tsz)) { if (clear_user(buffer, tsz)) return -EFAULT; } else { if (copy_to_user(buffer, buf, tsz)) return -EFAULT; } } else { if (clear_user(buffer, tsz)) return -EFAULT; } } buflen -= tsz; *fpos += tsz; buffer += tsz; acc += tsz; start += tsz; tsz = (buflen > PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : buflen); } return acc; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)36567.59%838.10%
Andrew Morton8315.37%29.52%
jia zhang315.74%14.76%
Heiko Carstens193.52%14.76%
Jiri Olsa173.15%29.52%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki122.22%29.52%
Ard Biesheuvel50.93%14.76%
Dan Carpenter50.93%14.76%
Andries E. Brouwer10.19%14.76%
Prasanna Meda10.19%14.76%
Panagiotis Issaris10.19%14.76%
Total540100.00%21100.00%


static int open_kcore(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { if (!capable(CAP_SYS_RAWIO)) return -EPERM; filp->private_data = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); if (!filp->private_data) return -ENOMEM; if (kcore_need_update) kcore_update_ram(); if (i_size_read(inode) != proc_root_kcore->size) { inode_lock(inode); i_size_write(inode, proc_root_kcore->size); inode_unlock(inode); } return 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki6873.91%250.00%
Jiri Olsa2223.91%125.00%
Al Viro22.17%125.00%
Total92100.00%4100.00%


static int release_kcore(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { kfree(file->private_data); return 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Jiri Olsa26100.00%1100.00%
Total26100.00%1100.00%

static const struct file_operations proc_kcore_operations = { .read = read_kcore, .open = open_kcore, .release = release_kcore, .llseek = default_llseek, }; /* just remember that we have to update kcore */
static int __meminit kcore_callback(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long action, void *arg) { switch (action) { case MEM_ONLINE: case MEM_OFFLINE: write_lock(&kclist_lock); kcore_need_update = 1; write_unlock(&kclist_lock); } return NOTIFY_OK; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki51100.00%1100.00%
Total51100.00%1100.00%

static struct notifier_block kcore_callback_nb __meminitdata = { .notifier_call = kcore_callback, .priority = 0, }; static struct kcore_list kcore_vmalloc; #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_PROC_KCORE_TEXT static struct kcore_list kcore_text; /* * If defined, special segment is used for mapping kernel text instead of * direct-map area. We need to create special TEXT section. */
static void __init proc_kcore_text_init(void) { kclist_add(&kcore_text, _text, _end - _text, KCORE_TEXT); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki2191.30%150.00%
Fengguang Wu28.70%150.00%
Total23100.00%2100.00%

#else
static void __init proc_kcore_text_init(void) { }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki8100.00%1100.00%
Total8100.00%1100.00%

#endif #if defined(CONFIG_MODULES) && defined(MODULES_VADDR) /* * MODULES_VADDR has no intersection with VMALLOC_ADDR. */ struct kcore_list kcore_modules;
static void __init add_modules_range(void) { if (MODULES_VADDR != VMALLOC_START && MODULES_END != VMALLOC_END) { kclist_add(&kcore_modules, (void *)MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END - MODULES_VADDR, KCORE_VMALLOC); } }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki2769.23%150.00%
Baoquan He1230.77%150.00%
Total39100.00%2100.00%

#else
static void __init add_modules_range(void) { }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki8100.00%1100.00%
Total8100.00%1100.00%

#endif
static int __init proc_kcore_init(void) { proc_root_kcore = proc_create("kcore", S_IRUSR, NULL, &proc_kcore_operations); if (!proc_root_kcore) { pr_err("couldn't create /proc/kcore\n"); return 0; /* Always returns 0. */ } /* Store text area if it's special */ proc_kcore_text_init(); /* Store vmalloc area */ kclist_add(&kcore_vmalloc, (void *)VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END - VMALLOC_START, KCORE_VMALLOC); add_modules_range(); /* Store direct-map area from physical memory map */ kcore_update_ram(); register_hotmemory_notifier(&kcore_callback_nb); return 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Kamezawa Hiroyuki4861.54%562.50%
Alexey Dobriyan2633.33%112.50%
Andrew Morton45.13%225.00%
Total78100.00%8100.00%

fs_initcall(proc_kcore_init);

Overall Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
Linus Torvalds (pre-git)128341.60%1217.91%
Kamezawa Hiroyuki124140.24%1116.42%
Andrew Morton2126.87%68.96%
Jiri Olsa702.27%22.99%
Laura Abbott481.56%11.49%
Alexey Dobriyan361.17%11.49%
jia zhang311.01%11.49%
Pratyush Anand311.01%11.49%
Heiko Carstens190.62%11.49%
Magnus Damm130.42%11.49%
Baoquan He120.39%11.49%
Edgar E. Iglesias100.32%11.49%
Matthew Wilcox90.29%11.49%
Zhao Hongjiang70.23%11.49%
Vivek Goyal60.19%11.49%
David Howells60.19%22.99%
Ard Biesheuvel50.16%11.49%
Dan Carpenter50.16%11.49%
Thomas Gleixner40.13%11.49%
Linus Torvalds40.13%22.99%
Frédéric Weisbecker40.13%11.49%
Tejun Heo30.10%11.49%
Randy Dunlap30.10%11.49%
Ingo Molnar30.10%11.49%
Fengguang Wu20.06%11.49%
Djalal Harouni20.06%11.49%
Al Viro20.06%11.49%
Dave Hansen20.06%11.49%
Tony Luck20.06%11.49%
Xishi Qiu10.03%11.49%
Andries E. Brouwer10.03%11.49%
Greg Kroah-Hartman10.03%11.49%
Lai Jiangshan10.03%11.49%
Dave Anderson10.03%11.49%
Panagiotis Issaris10.03%11.49%
Fabian Frederick10.03%11.49%
Paul Gortmaker10.03%11.49%
Prasanna Meda10.03%11.49%
Total3084100.00%67100.00%
Directory: fs/proc
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