cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.18 tools/testing/selftests/memfd/memfd_test.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#define __EXPORTED_HEADERS__

#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <linux/falloc.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/memfd.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "common.h"


#define MEMFD_STR	"memfd:"

#define MEMFD_HUGE_STR	"memfd-hugetlb:"

#define SHARED_FT_STR	"(shared file-table)"


#define MFD_DEF_SIZE 8192

#define STACK_SIZE 65536

/*
 * Default is not to test hugetlbfs
 */

static size_t mfd_def_size = MFD_DEF_SIZE;

static const char *memfd_str = MEMFD_STR;


static int mfd_assert_new(const char *name, loff_t sz, unsigned int flags) { int r, fd; fd = sys_memfd_create(name, flags); if (fd < 0) { printf("memfd_create(\"%s\", %u) failed: %m\n", name, flags); abort(); } r = ftruncate(fd, sz); if (r < 0) { printf("ftruncate(%llu) failed: %m\n", (unsigned long long)sz); abort(); } return fd; }

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static void mfd_fail_new(const char *name, unsigned int flags) { int r; r = sys_memfd_create(name, flags); if (r >= 0) { printf("memfd_create(\"%s\", %u) succeeded, but failure expected\n", name, flags); close(r); abort(); } }

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static unsigned int mfd_assert_get_seals(int fd) { int r; r = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS); if (r < 0) { printf("GET_SEALS(%d) failed: %m\n", fd); abort(); } return (unsigned int)r; }

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static void mfd_assert_has_seals(int fd, unsigned int seals) { unsigned int s; s = mfd_assert_get_seals(fd); if (s != seals) { printf("%u != %u = GET_SEALS(%d)\n", seals, s, fd); abort(); } }

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static void mfd_assert_add_seals(int fd, unsigned int seals) { int r; unsigned int s; s = mfd_assert_get_seals(fd); r = fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals); if (r < 0) { printf("ADD_SEALS(%d, %u -> %u) failed: %m\n", fd, s, seals); abort(); } }

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static void mfd_fail_add_seals(int fd, unsigned int seals) { int r; unsigned int s; r = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS); if (r < 0) s = 0; else s = (unsigned int)r; r = fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals); if (r >= 0) { printf("ADD_SEALS(%d, %u -> %u) didn't fail as expected\n", fd, s, seals); abort(); } }

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static void mfd_assert_size(int fd, size_t size) { struct stat st; int r; r = fstat(fd, &st); if (r < 0) { printf("fstat(%d) failed: %m\n", fd); abort(); } else if (st.st_size != size) { printf("wrong file size %lld, but expected %lld\n", (long long)st.st_size, (long long)size); abort(); } }

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static int mfd_assert_dup(int fd) { int r; r = dup(fd); if (r < 0) { printf("dup(%d) failed: %m\n", fd); abort(); } return r; }

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static void *mfd_assert_mmap_shared(int fd) { void *p; p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (p == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } return p; }

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static void *mfd_assert_mmap_private(int fd) { void *p; p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0); if (p == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } return p; }

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static int mfd_assert_open(int fd, int flags, mode_t mode) { char buf[512]; int r; sprintf(buf, "/proc/self/fd/%d", fd); r = open(buf, flags, mode); if (r < 0) { printf("open(%s) failed: %m\n", buf); abort(); } return r; }

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static void mfd_fail_open(int fd, int flags, mode_t mode) { char buf[512]; int r; sprintf(buf, "/proc/self/fd/%d", fd); r = open(buf, flags, mode); if (r >= 0) { printf("open(%s) didn't fail as expected\n", buf); abort(); } }

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static void mfd_assert_read(int fd) { char buf[16]; void *p; ssize_t l; l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)); if (l != sizeof(buf)) { printf("read() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } /* verify PROT_READ *is* allowed */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0); if (p == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } munmap(p, mfd_def_size); /* verify MAP_PRIVATE is *always* allowed (even writable) */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0); if (p == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } munmap(p, mfd_def_size); }

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static void mfd_assert_write(int fd) { ssize_t l; void *p; int r; /* * huegtlbfs does not support write, but we want to * verify everything else here. */ if (!hugetlbfs_test) { /* verify write() succeeds */ l = write(fd, "\0\0\0\0", 4); if (l != 4) { printf("write() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } } /* verify PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE is allowed */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (p == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } *(char *)p = 0; munmap(p, mfd_def_size); /* verify PROT_WRITE is allowed */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (p == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } *(char *)p = 0; munmap(p, mfd_def_size); /* verify PROT_READ with MAP_SHARED is allowed and a following * mprotect(PROT_WRITE) allows writing */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (p == MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } r = mprotect(p, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE); if (r < 0) { printf("mprotect() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } *(char *)p = 0; munmap(p, mfd_def_size); /* verify PUNCH_HOLE works */ r = fallocate(fd, FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE, 0, mfd_def_size); if (r < 0) { printf("fallocate(PUNCH_HOLE) failed: %m\n"); abort(); } }

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static void mfd_fail_write(int fd) { ssize_t l; void *p; int r; /* verify write() fails */ l = write(fd, "data", 4); if (l != -EPERM) { printf("expected EPERM on write(), but got %d: %m\n", (int)l); abort(); } /* verify PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE is not allowed */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (p != MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } /* verify PROT_WRITE is not allowed */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (p != MAP_FAILED) { printf("mmap() didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } /* Verify PROT_READ with MAP_SHARED with a following mprotect is not * allowed. Note that for r/w the kernel already prevents the mmap. */ p = mmap(NULL, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0); if (p != MAP_FAILED) { r = mprotect(p, mfd_def_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE); if (r >= 0) { printf("mmap()+mprotect() didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } } /* verify PUNCH_HOLE fails */ r = fallocate(fd, FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE, 0, mfd_def_size); if (r >= 0) { printf("fallocate(PUNCH_HOLE) didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } }

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static void mfd_assert_shrink(int fd) { int r, fd2; r = ftruncate(fd, mfd_def_size / 2); if (r < 0) { printf("ftruncate(SHRINK) failed: %m\n"); abort(); } mfd_assert_size(fd, mfd_def_size / 2); fd2 = mfd_assert_open(fd, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR); close(fd2); mfd_assert_size(fd, 0); }

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static void mfd_fail_shrink(int fd) { int r; r = ftruncate(fd, mfd_def_size / 2); if (r >= 0) { printf("ftruncate(SHRINK) didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } mfd_fail_open(fd, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR); }

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static void mfd_assert_grow(int fd) { int r; r = ftruncate(fd, mfd_def_size * 2); if (r < 0) { printf("ftruncate(GROW) failed: %m\n"); abort(); } mfd_assert_size(fd, mfd_def_size * 2); r = fallocate(fd, 0, 0, mfd_def_size * 4); if (r < 0) { printf("fallocate(ALLOC) failed: %m\n"); abort(); } mfd_assert_size(fd, mfd_def_size * 4); }

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static void mfd_fail_grow(int fd) { int r; r = ftruncate(fd, mfd_def_size * 2); if (r >= 0) { printf("ftruncate(GROW) didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } r = fallocate(fd, 0, 0, mfd_def_size * 4); if (r >= 0) { printf("fallocate(ALLOC) didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } }

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static void mfd_assert_grow_write(int fd) { static char *buf; ssize_t l; /* hugetlbfs does not support write */ if (hugetlbfs_test) return; buf = malloc(mfd_def_size * 8); if (!buf) { printf("malloc(%zu) failed: %m\n", mfd_def_size * 8); abort(); } l = pwrite(fd, buf, mfd_def_size * 8, 0); if (l != (mfd_def_size * 8)) { printf("pwrite() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } mfd_assert_size(fd, mfd_def_size * 8); }

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static void mfd_fail_grow_write(int fd) { static char *buf; ssize_t l; /* hugetlbfs does not support write */ if (hugetlbfs_test) return; buf = malloc(mfd_def_size * 8); if (!buf) { printf("malloc(%zu) failed: %m\n", mfd_def_size * 8); abort(); } l = pwrite(fd, buf, mfd_def_size * 8, 0); if (l == (mfd_def_size * 8)) { printf("pwrite() didn't fail as expected\n"); abort(); } }

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static int idle_thread_fn(void *arg) { sigset_t set; int sig; /* dummy waiter; SIGTERM terminates us anyway */ sigemptyset(&set); sigaddset(&set, SIGTERM); sigwait(&set, &sig); return 0; }

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static pid_t spawn_idle_thread(unsigned int flags) { uint8_t *stack; pid_t pid; stack = malloc(STACK_SIZE); if (!stack) { printf("malloc(STACK_SIZE) failed: %m\n"); abort(); } pid = clone(idle_thread_fn, stack + STACK_SIZE, SIGCHLD | flags, NULL); if (pid < 0) { printf("clone() failed: %m\n"); abort(); } return pid; }

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static void join_idle_thread(pid_t pid) { kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0); }

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/* * Test memfd_create() syscall * Verify syscall-argument validation, including name checks, flag validation * and more. */
static void test_create(void) { char buf[2048]; int fd; printf("%s CREATE\n", memfd_str); /* test NULL name */ mfd_fail_new(NULL, 0); /* test over-long name (not zero-terminated) */ memset(buf, 0xff, sizeof(buf)); mfd_fail_new(buf, 0); /* test over-long zero-terminated name */ memset(buf, 0xff, sizeof(buf)); buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = 0; mfd_fail_new(buf, 0); /* verify "" is a valid name */ fd = mfd_assert_new("", 0, 0); close(fd); /* verify invalid O_* open flags */ mfd_fail_new("", 0x0100); mfd_fail_new("", ~MFD_CLOEXEC); mfd_fail_new("", ~MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_fail_new("", ~0); mfd_fail_new("", 0x80000000U); /* verify MFD_CLOEXEC is allowed */ fd = mfd_assert_new("", 0, MFD_CLOEXEC); close(fd); /* verify MFD_ALLOW_SEALING is allowed */ fd = mfd_assert_new("", 0, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); close(fd); /* verify MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_CLOEXEC is allowed */ fd = mfd_assert_new("", 0, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING | MFD_CLOEXEC); close(fd); }

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/* * Test basic sealing * A very basic sealing test to see whether setting/retrieving seals works. */
static void test_basic(void) { int fd; printf("%s BASIC\n", memfd_str); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_basic", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); /* add basic seals */ mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_WRITE); /* add them again */ mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_WRITE); /* add more seals and seal against sealing */ mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SEAL); /* verify that sealing no longer works */ mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_GROW); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, 0); close(fd); /* verify sealing does not work without MFD_ALLOW_SEALING */ fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_basic", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); close(fd); }

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/* * Test SEAL_WRITE * Test whether SEAL_WRITE actually prevents modifications. */
static void test_seal_write(void) { int fd; printf("%s SEAL-WRITE\n", memfd_str); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_seal_write", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_read(fd); mfd_fail_write(fd); mfd_assert_shrink(fd); mfd_assert_grow(fd); mfd_fail_grow_write(fd); close(fd); }

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/* * Test SEAL_SHRINK * Test whether SEAL_SHRINK actually prevents shrinking */
static void test_seal_shrink(void) { int fd; printf("%s SEAL-SHRINK\n", memfd_str); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_seal_shrink", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_read(fd); mfd_assert_write(fd); mfd_fail_shrink(fd); mfd_assert_grow(fd); mfd_assert_grow_write(fd); close(fd); }

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/* * Test SEAL_GROW * Test whether SEAL_GROW actually prevents growing */
static void test_seal_grow(void) { int fd; printf("%s SEAL-GROW\n", memfd_str); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_seal_grow", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_GROW); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_GROW); mfd_assert_read(fd); mfd_assert_write(fd); mfd_assert_shrink(fd); mfd_fail_grow(fd); mfd_fail_grow_write(fd); close(fd); }

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/* * Test SEAL_SHRINK | SEAL_GROW * Test whether SEAL_SHRINK | SEAL_GROW actually prevents resizing */
static void test_seal_resize(void) { int fd; printf("%s SEAL-RESIZE\n", memfd_str); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_seal_resize", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW); mfd_assert_read(fd); mfd_assert_write(fd); mfd_fail_shrink(fd); mfd_fail_grow(fd); mfd_fail_grow_write(fd); close(fd); }

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/* * Test sharing via dup() * Test that seals are shared between dupped FDs and they're all equal. */
static void test_share_dup(char *banner, char *b_suffix) { int fd, fd2; printf("%s %s %s\n", memfd_str, banner, b_suffix); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_share_dup", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); fd2 = mfd_assert_dup(fd); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_GROW); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_GROW); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_SEAL); close(fd2); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_GROW); close(fd); }

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/* * Test sealing with active mmap()s * Modifying seals is only allowed if no other mmap() refs exist. */
static void test_share_mmap(char *banner, char *b_suffix) { int fd; void *p; printf("%s %s %s\n", memfd_str, banner, b_suffix); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_share_mmap", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); /* shared/writable ref prevents sealing WRITE, but allows others */ p = mfd_assert_mmap_shared(fd); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SHRINK); munmap(p, mfd_def_size); /* readable ref allows sealing */ p = mfd_assert_mmap_private(fd); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK); munmap(p, mfd_def_size); close(fd); }

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Total131100.00%3100.00%

/* * Test sealing with open(/proc/self/fd/%d) * Via /proc we can get access to a separate file-context for the same memfd. * This is *not* like dup(), but like a real separate open(). Make sure the * semantics are as expected and we correctly check for RDONLY / WRONLY / RDWR. */
static void test_share_open(char *banner, char *b_suffix) { int fd, fd2; printf("%s %s %s\n", memfd_str, banner, b_suffix); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_share_open", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); fd2 = mfd_assert_open(fd, O_RDWR, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK); close(fd); fd = mfd_assert_open(fd2, O_RDONLY, 0); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK); close(fd2); fd2 = mfd_assert_open(fd, O_RDWR, 0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd2, F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_SEAL); close(fd2); close(fd); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Herrmann18490.64%133.33%
Mike Kravetz188.87%133.33%
Marc-André Lureau10.49%133.33%
Total203100.00%3100.00%

/* * Test sharing via fork() * Test whether seal-modifications work as expected with forked childs. */
static void test_share_fork(char *banner, char *b_suffix) { int fd; pid_t pid; printf("%s %s %s\n", memfd_str, banner, b_suffix); fd = mfd_assert_new("kern_memfd_share_fork", mfd_def_size, MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, 0); pid = spawn_idle_thread(0); mfd_assert_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); join_idle_thread(pid); mfd_fail_add_seals(fd, F_SEAL_WRITE); mfd_assert_has_seals(fd, F_SEAL_SEAL); close(fd); }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Herrmann9182.73%133.33%
Mike Kravetz1816.36%133.33%
Marc-André Lureau10.91%133.33%
Total110100.00%3100.00%


int main(int argc, char **argv) { pid_t pid; if (argc == 2) { if (!strcmp(argv[1], "hugetlbfs")) { unsigned long hpage_size = default_huge_page_size(); if (!hpage_size) { printf("Unable to determine huge page size\n"); abort(); } hugetlbfs_test = 1; memfd_str = MEMFD_HUGE_STR; mfd_def_size = hpage_size * 2; } else { printf("Unknown option: %s\n", argv[1]); abort(); } } test_create(); test_basic(); test_seal_write(); test_seal_shrink(); test_seal_grow(); test_seal_resize(); test_share_dup("SHARE-DUP", ""); test_share_mmap("SHARE-MMAP", ""); test_share_open("SHARE-OPEN", ""); test_share_fork("SHARE-FORK", ""); /* Run test-suite in a multi-threaded environment with a shared * file-table. */ pid = spawn_idle_thread(CLONE_FILES | CLONE_FS | CLONE_VM); test_share_dup("SHARE-DUP", SHARED_FT_STR); test_share_mmap("SHARE-MMAP", SHARED_FT_STR); test_share_open("SHARE-OPEN", SHARED_FT_STR); test_share_fork("SHARE-FORK", SHARED_FT_STR); join_idle_thread(pid); printf("memfd: DONE\n"); return 0; }

Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Herrmann9147.89%133.33%
Mike Kravetz7941.58%133.33%
Marc-André Lureau2010.53%133.33%
Total190100.00%3100.00%


Overall Contributors

PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
David Herrmann312387.70%19.09%
Mike Kravetz3449.66%19.09%
Marc-André Lureau571.60%327.27%
Pranith Kumar300.84%218.18%
Ben Hutchings30.08%19.09%
Lei Yang20.06%19.09%
Greg Kroah-Hartman10.03%19.09%
Chunyan Zhang10.03%19.09%
Total3561100.00%11100.00%
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