Contributors: 5
Author Tokens Token Proportion Commits Commit Proportion
Rashmica Gupta 1349 78.25% 1 9.09%
Christophe Leroy 246 14.27% 4 36.36%
Oliver O'Halloran 71 4.12% 1 9.09%
Michael Ellerman 56 3.25% 4 36.36%
SF Markus Elfring 2 0.12% 1 9.09%
Total 1724 11 


/*
 * Copyright 2016, Rashmica Gupta, IBM Corp.
 *
 * This traverses the kernel pagetables and dumps the
 * information about the used sections of memory to
 * /sys/kernel/debug/kernel_pagetables.
 *
 * Derived from the arm64 implementation:
 * Copyright (c) 2014, The Linux Foundation, Laura Abbott.
 * (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation, Arjan van de Ven.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
 * of the License.
 */
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <asm/fixmap.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <linux/const.h>
#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>

#include "dump_linuxpagetables.h"

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC32
#define KERN_VIRT_START	0
#endif

/*
 * To visualise what is happening,
 *
 *  - PTRS_PER_P** = how many entries there are in the corresponding P**
 *  - P**_SHIFT = how many bits of the address we use to index into the
 * corresponding P**
 *  - P**_SIZE is how much memory we can access through the table - not the
 * size of the table itself.
 * P**={PGD, PUD, PMD, PTE}
 *
 *
 * Each entry of the PGD points to a PUD. Each entry of a PUD points to a
 * PMD. Each entry of a PMD points to a PTE. And every PTE entry points to
 * a page.
 *
 * In the case where there are only 3 levels, the PUD is folded into the
 * PGD: every PUD has only one entry which points to the PMD.
 *
 * The page dumper groups page table entries of the same type into a single
 * description. It uses pg_state to track the range information while
 * iterating over the PTE entries. When the continuity is broken it then
 * dumps out a description of the range - ie PTEs that are virtually contiguous
 * with the same PTE flags are chunked together. This is to make it clear how
 * different areas of the kernel virtual memory are used.
 *
 */
struct pg_state {
	struct seq_file *seq;
	const struct addr_marker *marker;
	unsigned long start_address;
	unsigned long start_pa;
	unsigned long last_pa;
	unsigned int level;
	u64 current_flags;
};

struct addr_marker {
	unsigned long start_address;
	const char *name;
};

static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
	{ 0,	"Start of kernel VM" },
	{ 0,	"vmalloc() Area" },
	{ 0,	"vmalloc() End" },
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
	{ 0,	"isa I/O start" },
	{ 0,	"isa I/O end" },
	{ 0,	"phb I/O start" },
	{ 0,	"phb I/O end" },
	{ 0,	"I/O remap start" },
	{ 0,	"I/O remap end" },
	{ 0,	"vmemmap start" },
#else
	{ 0,	"Early I/O remap start" },
	{ 0,	"Early I/O remap end" },
#ifdef CONFIG_NOT_COHERENT_CACHE
	{ 0,	"Consistent mem start" },
	{ 0,	"Consistent mem end" },
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	{ 0,	"Highmem PTEs start" },
	{ 0,	"Highmem PTEs end" },
#endif
	{ 0,	"Fixmap start" },
	{ 0,	"Fixmap end" },
#endif
	{ -1,	NULL },
};

static void dump_flag_info(struct pg_state *st, const struct flag_info
		*flag, u64 pte, int num)
{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < num; i++, flag++) {
		const char *s = NULL;
		u64 val;

		/* flag not defined so don't check it */
		if (flag->mask == 0)
			continue;
		/* Some 'flags' are actually values */
		if (flag->is_val) {
			val = pte & flag->val;
			if (flag->shift)
				val = val >> flag->shift;
			seq_printf(st->seq, "  %s:%llx", flag->set, val);
		} else {
			if ((pte & flag->mask) == flag->val)
				s = flag->set;
			else
				s = flag->clear;
			if (s)
				seq_printf(st->seq, "  %s", s);
		}
		st->current_flags &= ~flag->mask;
	}
	if (st->current_flags != 0)
		seq_printf(st->seq, "  unknown flags:%llx", st->current_flags);
}

static void dump_addr(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr)
{
	static const char units[] = "KMGTPE";
	const char *unit = units;
	unsigned long delta;

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
	seq_printf(st->seq, "0x%016lx-0x%016lx ", st->start_address, addr-1);
	seq_printf(st->seq, "0x%016lx ", st->start_pa);
#else
	seq_printf(st->seq, "0x%08lx-0x%08lx ", st->start_address, addr - 1);
	seq_printf(st->seq, "0x%08lx ", st->start_pa);
#endif

	delta = (addr - st->start_address) >> 10;
	/* Work out what appropriate unit to use */
	while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) {
		delta >>= 10;
		unit++;
	}
	seq_printf(st->seq, "%9lu%c", delta, *unit);

}

static void note_page(struct pg_state *st, unsigned long addr,
	       unsigned int level, u64 val)
{
	u64 flag = val & pg_level[level].mask;
	u64 pa = val & PTE_RPN_MASK;

	/* At first no level is set */
	if (!st->level) {
		st->level = level;
		st->current_flags = flag;
		st->start_address = addr;
		st->start_pa = pa;
		st->last_pa = pa;
		seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
	/*
	 * Dump the section of virtual memory when:
	 *   - the PTE flags from one entry to the next differs.
	 *   - we change levels in the tree.
	 *   - the address is in a different section of memory and is thus
	 *   used for a different purpose, regardless of the flags.
	 *   - the pa of this page is not adjacent to the last inspected page
	 */
	} else if (flag != st->current_flags || level != st->level ||
		   addr >= st->marker[1].start_address ||
		   pa != st->last_pa + PAGE_SIZE) {

		/* Check the PTE flags */
		if (st->current_flags) {
			dump_addr(st, addr);

			/* Dump all the flags */
			if (pg_level[st->level].flag)
				dump_flag_info(st, pg_level[st->level].flag,
					  st->current_flags,
					  pg_level[st->level].num);

			seq_putc(st->seq, '\n');
		}

		/*
		 * Address indicates we have passed the end of the
		 * current section of virtual memory
		 */
		while (addr >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
			st->marker++;
			seq_printf(st->seq, "---[ %s ]---\n", st->marker->name);
		}
		st->start_address = addr;
		st->start_pa = pa;
		st->last_pa = pa;
		st->current_flags = flag;
		st->level = level;
	} else {
		st->last_pa = pa;
	}
}

static void walk_pte(struct pg_state *st, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long start)
{
	pte_t *pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, 0);
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++, pte++) {
		addr = start + i * PAGE_SIZE;
		note_page(st, addr, 4, pte_val(*pte));

	}
}

static void walk_pmd(struct pg_state *st, pud_t *pud, unsigned long start)
{
	pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, 0);
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++, pmd++) {
		addr = start + i * PMD_SIZE;
		if (!pmd_none(*pmd) && !pmd_huge(*pmd))
			/* pmd exists */
			walk_pte(st, pmd, addr);
		else
			note_page(st, addr, 3, pmd_val(*pmd));
	}
}

static void walk_pud(struct pg_state *st, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long start)
{
	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, 0);
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++, pud++) {
		addr = start + i * PUD_SIZE;
		if (!pud_none(*pud) && !pud_huge(*pud))
			/* pud exists */
			walk_pmd(st, pud, addr);
		else
			note_page(st, addr, 2, pud_val(*pud));
	}
}

static void walk_pagetables(struct pg_state *st)
{
	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(0UL);
	unsigned int i;
	unsigned long addr;

	addr = st->start_address;

	/*
	 * Traverse the linux pagetable structure and dump pages that are in
	 * the hash pagetable.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++, pgd++, addr += PGDIR_SIZE) {
		if (!pgd_none(*pgd) && !pgd_huge(*pgd))
			/* pgd exists */
			walk_pud(st, pgd, addr);
		else
			note_page(st, addr, 1, pgd_val(*pgd));
	}
}

static void populate_markers(void)
{
	int i = 0;

	address_markers[i++].start_address = PAGE_OFFSET;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = VMALLOC_START;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = VMALLOC_END;
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC64
	address_markers[i++].start_address = ISA_IO_BASE;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = ISA_IO_END;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = PHB_IO_BASE;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = PHB_IO_END;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_BASE;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_END;
#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64
	address_markers[i++].start_address =  H_VMEMMAP_BASE;
#else
	address_markers[i++].start_address =  VMEMMAP_BASE;
#endif
#else /* !CONFIG_PPC64 */
	address_markers[i++].start_address = ioremap_bot;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_TOP;
#ifdef CONFIG_NOT_COHERENT_CACHE
	address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_TOP;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = IOREMAP_TOP +
					     CONFIG_CONSISTENT_SIZE;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	address_markers[i++].start_address = PKMAP_BASE;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = PKMAP_ADDR(LAST_PKMAP);
#endif
	address_markers[i++].start_address = FIXADDR_START;
	address_markers[i++].start_address = FIXADDR_TOP;
#endif /* CONFIG_PPC64 */
}

static int ptdump_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
	struct pg_state st = {
		.seq = m,
		.marker = address_markers,
	};

	if (radix_enabled())
		st.start_address = PAGE_OFFSET;
	else
		st.start_address = KERN_VIRT_START;

	/* Traverse kernel page tables */
	walk_pagetables(&st);
	note_page(&st, 0, 0, 0);
	return 0;
}


static int ptdump_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	return single_open(file, ptdump_show, NULL);
}

static const struct file_operations ptdump_fops = {
	.open		= ptdump_open,
	.read		= seq_read,
	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
	.release	= single_release,
};

static void build_pgtable_complete_mask(void)
{
	unsigned int i, j;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pg_level); i++)
		if (pg_level[i].flag)
			for (j = 0; j < pg_level[i].num; j++)
				pg_level[i].mask |= pg_level[i].flag[j].mask;
}

static int ptdump_init(void)
{
	struct dentry *debugfs_file;

	populate_markers();
	build_pgtable_complete_mask();
	debugfs_file = debugfs_create_file("kernel_page_tables", 0400, NULL,
			NULL, &ptdump_fops);
	return debugfs_file ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
}
device_initcall(ptdump_init);