| Author | Tokens | Token Proportion | Commits | Commit Proportion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingo Molnar | 1251 | 24.16% | 17 | 8.90% |
| Nicholas Piggin | 726 | 14.02% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Andi Kleen | 547 | 10.57% | 17 | 8.90% |
| Dave Hansen | 390 | 7.53% | 14 | 7.33% |
| Harvey Harrison | 386 | 7.46% | 14 | 7.33% |
| Kirill A. Shutemov | 238 | 4.60% | 4 | 2.09% |
| Andrew Lutomirski | 193 | 3.73% | 12 | 6.28% |
| Akinobu Mita | 136 | 2.63% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Eric W. Biedermann | 109 | 2.11% | 7 | 3.66% |
| Jan Beulich | 109 | 2.11% | 8 | 4.19% |
| Linus Torvalds | 102 | 1.97% | 7 | 3.66% |
| Peter Zijlstra | 98 | 1.89% | 7 | 3.66% |
| H. Peter Anvin | 93 | 1.80% | 4 | 2.09% |
| Seiji Aguchi | 81 | 1.56% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Jeremy Fitzhardinge | 79 | 1.53% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Toshi Kani | 46 | 0.89% | 3 | 1.57% |
| Jiri Kosina | 44 | 0.85% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Pekka Paalanen | 41 | 0.79% | 3 | 1.57% |
| Motohiro Kosaki | 40 | 0.77% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Ricardo Neri | 34 | 0.66% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Borislav Petkov | 30 | 0.58% | 3 | 1.57% |
| Jann Horn | 29 | 0.56% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Masami Hiramatsu | 29 | 0.56% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Matt Fleming | 25 | 0.48% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Thomas Gleixner | 25 | 0.48% | 3 | 1.57% |
| Sai Praneeth | 21 | 0.41% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Andrey Vagin | 20 | 0.39% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Johannes Weiner | 19 | 0.37% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Brian Gerst | 18 | 0.35% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Jiri Olsa | 17 | 0.33% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Andrew Morton | 17 | 0.33% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Frédéric Weisbecker | 15 | 0.29% | 3 | 1.57% |
| Hiroshi Shimamoto | 14 | 0.27% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Vegard Nossum | 13 | 0.25% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Michel Lespinasse | 12 | 0.23% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Christoph Hellwig | 11 | 0.21% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Srikar Dronamraju | 10 | 0.19% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Kees Cook | 10 | 0.19% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Anil S Keshavamurthy | 10 | 0.19% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Dmitriy Vyukov | 9 | 0.17% | 2 | 1.05% |
| David Vrabel | 9 | 0.17% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Samu Kallio | 7 | 0.14% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Alexander van Heukelum | 6 | 0.12% | 1 | 0.52% |
| David Hildenbrand | 6 | 0.12% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Chuck Ebbert | 5 | 0.10% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Souptick Joarder | 5 | 0.10% | 1 | 0.52% |
| David Rientjes | 4 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Vincent Hanquez | 4 | 0.08% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Andrea Arcangeli | 4 | 0.08% | 2 | 1.05% |
| Haicheng Li | 3 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Eric Sandeen | 3 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Laurent Dufour | 3 | 0.06% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Glauber de Oliveira Costa | 2 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Tony Luck | 2 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Randy Dunlap | 2 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.52% |
| David Howells | 2 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Prarit Bhargava | 2 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Prasanna S. Panchamukhi | 2 | 0.04% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Masoud Asgharifard Sharbiani | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Greg Kroah-Hartman | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Mike Rapoport | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Al Viro | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Jason Baron | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Josh Poimboeuf | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Paul Gortmaker | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Adrian Bunk | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Aaron Tomlin | 1 | 0.02% | 1 | 0.52% |
| Total | 5177 | 191 |
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds * Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs. * Copyright (C) 2008-2009, Red Hat Inc., Ingo Molnar */ #include <linux/sched.h> /* test_thread_flag(), ... */ #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h> /* task_stack_*(), ... */ #include <linux/kdebug.h> /* oops_begin/end, ... */ #include <linux/extable.h> /* search_exception_tables */ #include <linux/memblock.h> /* max_low_pfn */ #include <linux/kprobes.h> /* NOKPROBE_SYMBOL, ... */ #include <linux/mmiotrace.h> /* kmmio_handler, ... */ #include <linux/perf_event.h> /* perf_sw_event */ #include <linux/hugetlb.h> /* hstate_index_to_shift */ #include <linux/prefetch.h> /* prefetchw */ #include <linux/context_tracking.h> /* exception_enter(), ... */ #include <linux/uaccess.h> /* faulthandler_disabled() */ #include <linux/efi.h> /* efi_recover_from_page_fault()*/ #include <linux/mm_types.h> #include <asm/cpufeature.h> /* boot_cpu_has, ... */ #include <asm/traps.h> /* dotraplinkage, ... */ #include <asm/pgalloc.h> /* pgd_*(), ... */ #include <asm/fixmap.h> /* VSYSCALL_ADDR */ #include <asm/vsyscall.h> /* emulate_vsyscall */ #include <asm/vm86.h> /* struct vm86 */ #include <asm/mmu_context.h> /* vma_pkey() */ #include <asm/efi.h> /* efi_recover_from_page_fault()*/ #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS #include <asm/trace/exceptions.h> /* * Returns 0 if mmiotrace is disabled, or if the fault is not * handled by mmiotrace: */ static nokprobe_inline int kmmio_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr) { if (unlikely(is_kmmio_active())) if (kmmio_handler(regs, addr) == 1) return -1; return 0; } static nokprobe_inline int kprobes_fault(struct pt_regs *regs) { if (!kprobes_built_in()) return 0; if (user_mode(regs)) return 0; /* * To be potentially processing a kprobe fault and to be allowed to call * kprobe_running(), we have to be non-preemptible. */ if (preemptible()) return 0; if (!kprobe_running()) return 0; return kprobe_fault_handler(regs, X86_TRAP_PF); } /* * Prefetch quirks: * * 32-bit mode: * * Sometimes AMD Athlon/Opteron CPUs report invalid exceptions on prefetch. * Check that here and ignore it. * * 64-bit mode: * * Sometimes the CPU reports invalid exceptions on prefetch. * Check that here and ignore it. * * Opcode checker based on code by Richard Brunner. */ static inline int check_prefetch_opcode(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned char *instr, unsigned char opcode, int *prefetch) { unsigned char instr_hi = opcode & 0xf0; unsigned char instr_lo = opcode & 0x0f; switch (instr_hi) { case 0x20: case 0x30: /* * Values 0x26,0x2E,0x36,0x3E are valid x86 prefixes. * In X86_64 long mode, the CPU will signal invalid * opcode if some of these prefixes are present so * X86_64 will never get here anyway */ return ((instr_lo & 7) == 0x6); #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 case 0x40: /* * In AMD64 long mode 0x40..0x4F are valid REX prefixes * Need to figure out under what instruction mode the * instruction was issued. Could check the LDT for lm, * but for now it's good enough to assume that long * mode only uses well known segments or kernel. */ return (!user_mode(regs) || user_64bit_mode(regs)); #endif case 0x60: /* 0x64 thru 0x67 are valid prefixes in all modes. */ return (instr_lo & 0xC) == 0x4; case 0xF0: /* 0xF0, 0xF2, 0xF3 are valid prefixes in all modes. */ return !instr_lo || (instr_lo>>1) == 1; case 0x00: /* Prefetch instruction is 0x0F0D or 0x0F18 */ if (probe_kernel_address(instr, opcode)) return 0; *prefetch = (instr_lo == 0xF) && (opcode == 0x0D || opcode == 0x18); return 0; default: return 0; } } static int is_prefetch(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long addr) { unsigned char *max_instr; unsigned char *instr; int prefetch = 0; /* * If it was a exec (instruction fetch) fault on NX page, then * do not ignore the fault: */ if (error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) return 0; instr = (void *)convert_ip_to_linear(current, regs); max_instr = instr + 15; if (user_mode(regs) && instr >= (unsigned char *)TASK_SIZE_MAX) return 0; while (instr < max_instr) { unsigned char opcode; if (probe_kernel_address(instr, opcode)) break; instr++; if (!check_prefetch_opcode(regs, instr, opcode, &prefetch)) break; } return prefetch; } DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pgd_lock); LIST_HEAD(pgd_list); #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 static inline pmd_t *vmalloc_sync_one(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address) { unsigned index = pgd_index(address); pgd_t *pgd_k; p4d_t *p4d, *p4d_k; pud_t *pud, *pud_k; pmd_t *pmd, *pmd_k; pgd += index; pgd_k = init_mm.pgd + index; if (!pgd_present(*pgd_k)) return NULL; /* * set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_k); here would be useless on PAE * and redundant with the set_pmd() on non-PAE. As would * set_p4d/set_pud. */ p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address); p4d_k = p4d_offset(pgd_k, address); if (!p4d_present(*p4d_k)) return NULL; pud = pud_offset(p4d, address); pud_k = pud_offset(p4d_k, address); if (!pud_present(*pud_k)) return NULL; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); pmd_k = pmd_offset(pud_k, address); if (!pmd_present(*pmd_k)) return NULL; if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) set_pmd(pmd, *pmd_k); else BUG_ON(pmd_page(*pmd) != pmd_page(*pmd_k)); return pmd_k; } void vmalloc_sync_all(void) { unsigned long address; if (SHARED_KERNEL_PMD) return; for (address = VMALLOC_START & PMD_MASK; address >= TASK_SIZE_MAX && address < FIXADDR_TOP; address += PMD_SIZE) { struct page *page; spin_lock(&pgd_lock); list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) { spinlock_t *pgt_lock; pmd_t *ret; /* the pgt_lock only for Xen */ pgt_lock = &pgd_page_get_mm(page)->page_table_lock; spin_lock(pgt_lock); ret = vmalloc_sync_one(page_address(page), address); spin_unlock(pgt_lock); if (!ret) break; } spin_unlock(&pgd_lock); } } /* * 32-bit: * * Handle a fault on the vmalloc or module mapping area */ static noinline int vmalloc_fault(unsigned long address) { unsigned long pgd_paddr; pmd_t *pmd_k; pte_t *pte_k; /* Make sure we are in vmalloc area: */ if (!(address >= VMALLOC_START && address < VMALLOC_END)) return -1; /* * Synchronize this task's top level page-table * with the 'reference' page table. * * Do _not_ use "current" here. We might be inside * an interrupt in the middle of a task switch.. */ pgd_paddr = read_cr3_pa(); pmd_k = vmalloc_sync_one(__va(pgd_paddr), address); if (!pmd_k) return -1; if (pmd_large(*pmd_k)) return 0; pte_k = pte_offset_kernel(pmd_k, address); if (!pte_present(*pte_k)) return -1; return 0; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(vmalloc_fault); /* * Did it hit the DOS screen memory VA from vm86 mode? */ static inline void check_v8086_mode(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, struct task_struct *tsk) { #ifdef CONFIG_VM86 unsigned long bit; if (!v8086_mode(regs) || !tsk->thread.vm86) return; bit = (address - 0xA0000) >> PAGE_SHIFT; if (bit < 32) tsk->thread.vm86->screen_bitmap |= 1 << bit; #endif } static bool low_pfn(unsigned long pfn) { return pfn < max_low_pfn; } static void dump_pagetable(unsigned long address) { pgd_t *base = __va(read_cr3_pa()); pgd_t *pgd = &base[pgd_index(address)]; p4d_t *p4d; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *pte; #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE pr_info("*pdpt = %016Lx ", pgd_val(*pgd)); if (!low_pfn(pgd_val(*pgd) >> PAGE_SHIFT) || !pgd_present(*pgd)) goto out; #define pr_pde pr_cont #else #define pr_pde pr_info #endif p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address); pud = pud_offset(p4d, address); pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); pr_pde("*pde = %0*Lx ", sizeof(*pmd) * 2, (u64)pmd_val(*pmd)); #undef pr_pde /* * We must not directly access the pte in the highpte * case if the page table is located in highmem. * And let's rather not kmap-atomic the pte, just in case * it's allocated already: */ if (!low_pfn(pmd_pfn(*pmd)) || !pmd_present(*pmd) || pmd_large(*pmd)) goto out; pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address); pr_cont("*pte = %0*Lx ", sizeof(*pte) * 2, (u64)pte_val(*pte)); out: pr_cont("\n"); } #else /* CONFIG_X86_64: */ void vmalloc_sync_all(void) { sync_global_pgds(VMALLOC_START & PGDIR_MASK, VMALLOC_END); } /* * 64-bit: * * Handle a fault on the vmalloc area */ static noinline int vmalloc_fault(unsigned long address) { pgd_t *pgd, *pgd_k; p4d_t *p4d, *p4d_k; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *pte; /* Make sure we are in vmalloc area: */ if (!(address >= VMALLOC_START && address < VMALLOC_END)) return -1; WARN_ON_ONCE(in_nmi()); /* * Copy kernel mappings over when needed. This can also * happen within a race in page table update. In the later * case just flush: */ pgd = (pgd_t *)__va(read_cr3_pa()) + pgd_index(address); pgd_k = pgd_offset_k(address); if (pgd_none(*pgd_k)) return -1; if (pgtable_l5_enabled()) { if (pgd_none(*pgd)) { set_pgd(pgd, *pgd_k); arch_flush_lazy_mmu_mode(); } else { BUG_ON(pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd) != pgd_page_vaddr(*pgd_k)); } } /* With 4-level paging, copying happens on the p4d level. */ p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address); p4d_k = p4d_offset(pgd_k, address); if (p4d_none(*p4d_k)) return -1; if (p4d_none(*p4d) && !pgtable_l5_enabled()) { set_p4d(p4d, *p4d_k); arch_flush_lazy_mmu_mode(); } else { BUG_ON(p4d_pfn(*p4d) != p4d_pfn(*p4d_k)); } BUILD_BUG_ON(CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS < 4); pud = pud_offset(p4d, address); if (pud_none(*pud)) return -1; if (pud_large(*pud)) return 0; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); if (pmd_none(*pmd)) return -1; if (pmd_large(*pmd)) return 0; pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address); if (!pte_present(*pte)) return -1; return 0; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(vmalloc_fault); #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SUP_AMD static const char errata93_warning[] = KERN_ERR "******* Your BIOS seems to not contain a fix for K8 errata #93\n" "******* Working around it, but it may cause SEGVs or burn power.\n" "******* Please consider a BIOS update.\n" "******* Disabling USB legacy in the BIOS may also help.\n"; #endif /* * No vm86 mode in 64-bit mode: */ static inline void check_v8086_mode(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address, struct task_struct *tsk) { } static int bad_address(void *p) { unsigned long dummy; return probe_kernel_address((unsigned long *)p, dummy); } static void dump_pagetable(unsigned long address) { pgd_t *base = __va(read_cr3_pa()); pgd_t *pgd = base + pgd_index(address); p4d_t *p4d; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *pte; if (bad_address(pgd)) goto bad; pr_info("PGD %lx ", pgd_val(*pgd)); if (!pgd_present(*pgd)) goto out; p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address); if (bad_address(p4d)) goto bad; pr_cont("P4D %lx ", p4d_val(*p4d)); if (!p4d_present(*p4d) || p4d_large(*p4d)) goto out; pud = pud_offset(p4d, address); if (bad_address(pud)) goto bad; pr_cont("PUD %lx ", pud_val(*pud)); if (!pud_present(*pud) || pud_large(*pud)) goto out; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); if (bad_address(pmd)) goto bad; pr_cont("PMD %lx ", pmd_val(*pmd)); if (!pmd_present(*pmd) || pmd_large(*pmd)) goto out; pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address); if (bad_address(pte)) goto bad; pr_cont("PTE %lx", pte_val(*pte)); out: pr_cont("\n"); return; bad: pr_info("BAD\n"); } #endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */ /* * Workaround for K8 erratum #93 & buggy BIOS. * * BIOS SMM functions are required to use a specific workaround * to avoid corruption of the 64bit RIP register on C stepping K8. * * A lot of BIOS that didn't get tested properly miss this. * * The OS sees this as a page fault with the upper 32bits of RIP cleared. * Try to work around it here. * * Note we only handle faults in kernel here. * Does nothing on 32-bit. */ static int is_errata93(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address) { #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(CONFIG_CPU_SUP_AMD) if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_AMD || boot_cpu_data.x86 != 0xf) return 0; if (address != regs->ip) return 0; if ((address >> 32) != 0) return 0; address |= 0xffffffffUL << 32; if ((address >= (u64)_stext && address <= (u64)_etext) || (address >= MODULES_VADDR && address <= MODULES_END)) { printk_once(errata93_warning); regs->ip = address; return 1; } #endif return 0; } /* * Work around K8 erratum #100 K8 in compat mode occasionally jumps * to illegal addresses >4GB. * * We catch this in the page fault handler because these addresses * are not reachable. Just detect this case and return. Any code * segment in LDT is compatibility mode. */ static int is_errata100(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address) { #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 if ((regs->cs == __USER32_CS || (regs->cs & (1<<2))) && (address >> 32)) return 1; #endif return 0; } static int is_f00f_bug(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address) { #ifdef CONFIG_X86_F00F_BUG unsigned long nr; /* * Pentium F0 0F C7 C8 bug workaround: */ if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_F00F)) { nr = (address - idt_descr.address) >> 3; if (nr == 6) { do_invalid_op(regs, 0); return 1; } } #endif return 0; } static void show_fault_oops(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address) { if (!oops_may_print()) return; if (error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) { unsigned int level; pgd_t *pgd; pte_t *pte; pgd = __va(read_cr3_pa()); pgd += pgd_index(address); pte = lookup_address_in_pgd(pgd, address, &level); if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && !pte_exec(*pte)) pr_crit("kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n", from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid())); if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && pte_exec(*pte) && (pgd_flags(*pgd) & _PAGE_USER) && (__read_cr4() & X86_CR4_SMEP)) pr_crit("unable to execute userspace code (SMEP?) (uid: %d)\n", from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid())); } pr_alert("BUG: unable to handle kernel %s at %px\n", address < PAGE_SIZE ? "NULL pointer dereference" : "paging request", (void *)address); dump_pagetable(address); } static noinline void pgtable_bad(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address) { struct task_struct *tsk; unsigned long flags; int sig; flags = oops_begin(); tsk = current; sig = SIGKILL; printk(KERN_ALERT "%s: Corrupted page table at address %lx\n", tsk->comm, address); dump_pagetable(address); tsk->thread.cr2 = address; tsk->thread.trap_nr = X86_TRAP_PF; tsk->thread.error_code = error_code; if (__die("Bad pagetable", regs, error_code)) sig = 0; oops_end(flags, regs, sig); } static noinline void no_context(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address, int signal, int si_code) { struct task_struct *tsk = current; unsigned long flags; int sig; /* Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault? */ if (fixup_exception(regs, X86_TRAP_PF, error_code, address)) { /* * Any interrupt that takes a fault gets the fixup. This makes * the below recursive fault logic only apply to a faults from * task context. */ if (in_interrupt()) return; /* * Per the above we're !in_interrupt(), aka. task context. * * In this case we need to make sure we're not recursively * faulting through the emulate_vsyscall() logic. */ if (current->thread.sig_on_uaccess_err && signal) { tsk->thread.trap_nr = X86_TRAP_PF; tsk->thread.error_code = error_code | X86_PF_USER; tsk->thread.cr2 = address; /* XXX: hwpoison faults will set the wrong code. */ force_sig_fault(signal, si_code, (void __user *)address, tsk); } /* * Barring that, we can do the fixup and be happy. */ return; } #ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK /* * Stack overflow? During boot, we can fault near the initial * stack in the direct map, but that's not an overflow -- check * that we're in vmalloc space to avoid this. */ if (is_vmalloc_addr((void *)address) && (((unsigned long)tsk->stack - 1 - address < PAGE_SIZE) || address - ((unsigned long)tsk->stack + THREAD_SIZE) < PAGE_SIZE)) { unsigned long stack = this_cpu_read(orig_ist.ist[DOUBLEFAULT_STACK]) - sizeof(void *); /* * We're likely to be running with very little stack space * left. It's plausible that we'd hit this condition but * double-fault even before we get this far, in which case * we're fine: the double-fault handler will deal with it. * * We don't want to make it all the way into the oops code * and then double-fault, though, because we're likely to * break the console driver and lose most of the stack dump. */ asm volatile ("movq %[stack], %%rsp\n\t" "call handle_stack_overflow\n\t" "1: jmp 1b" : ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT : "D" ("kernel stack overflow (page fault)"), "S" (regs), "d" (address), [stack] "rm" (stack)); unreachable(); } #endif /* * 32-bit: * * Valid to do another page fault here, because if this fault * had been triggered by is_prefetch fixup_exception would have * handled it. * * 64-bit: * * Hall of shame of CPU/BIOS bugs. */ if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address)) return; if (is_errata93(regs, address)) return; /* * Buggy firmware could access regions which might page fault, try to * recover from such faults. */ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI)) efi_recover_from_page_fault(address); /* * Oops. The kernel tried to access some bad page. We'll have to * terminate things with extreme prejudice: */ flags = oops_begin(); show_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address); if (task_stack_end_corrupted(tsk)) printk(KERN_EMERG "Thread overran stack, or stack corrupted\n"); tsk->thread.cr2 = address; tsk->thread.trap_nr = X86_TRAP_PF; tsk->thread.error_code = error_code; sig = SIGKILL; if (__die("Oops", regs, error_code)) sig = 0; /* Executive summary in case the body of the oops scrolled away */ printk(KERN_DEFAULT "CR2: %016lx\n", address); oops_end(flags, regs, sig); } /* * Print out info about fatal segfaults, if the show_unhandled_signals * sysctl is set: */ static inline void show_signal_msg(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address, struct task_struct *tsk) { const char *loglvl = task_pid_nr(tsk) > 1 ? KERN_INFO : KERN_EMERG; if (!unhandled_signal(tsk, SIGSEGV)) return; if (!printk_ratelimit()) return; printk("%s%s[%d]: segfault at %lx ip %px sp %px error %lx", loglvl, tsk->comm, task_pid_nr(tsk), address, (void *)regs->ip, (void *)regs->sp, error_code); print_vma_addr(KERN_CONT " in ", regs->ip); printk(KERN_CONT "\n"); show_opcodes(regs, loglvl); } /* * The (legacy) vsyscall page is the long page in the kernel portion * of the address space that has user-accessible permissions. */ static bool is_vsyscall_vaddr(unsigned long vaddr) { return unlikely((vaddr & PAGE_MASK) == VSYSCALL_ADDR); } static void __bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address, u32 pkey, int si_code) { struct task_struct *tsk = current; /* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV */ if (error_code & X86_PF_USER) { /* * It's possible to have interrupts off here: */ local_irq_enable(); /* * Valid to do another page fault here because this one came * from user space: */ if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address)) return; if (is_errata100(regs, address)) return; /* * To avoid leaking information about the kernel page table * layout, pretend that user-mode accesses to kernel addresses * are always protection faults. */ if (address >= TASK_SIZE_MAX) error_code |= X86_PF_PROT; if (likely(show_unhandled_signals)) show_signal_msg(regs, error_code, address, tsk); tsk->thread.cr2 = address; tsk->thread.error_code = error_code; tsk->thread.trap_nr = X86_TRAP_PF; if (si_code == SEGV_PKUERR) force_sig_pkuerr((void __user *)address, pkey); force_sig_fault(SIGSEGV, si_code, (void __user *)address, tsk); return; } if (is_f00f_bug(regs, address)) return; no_context(regs, error_code, address, SIGSEGV, si_code); } static noinline void bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address) { __bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address, 0, SEGV_MAPERR); } static void __bad_area(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address, u32 pkey, int si_code) { struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm; /* * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory map.. * Fix it, but check if it's kernel or user first.. */ up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); __bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address, pkey, si_code); } static noinline void bad_area(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address) { __bad_area(regs, error_code, address, 0, SEGV_MAPERR); } static inline bool bad_area_access_from_pkeys(unsigned long error_code, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { /* This code is always called on the current mm */ bool foreign = false; if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_OSPKE)) return false; if (error_code & X86_PF_PK) return true; /* this checks permission keys on the VMA: */ if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, (error_code & X86_PF_WRITE), (error_code & X86_PF_INSTR), foreign)) return true; return false; } static noinline void bad_area_access_error(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { /* * This OSPKE check is not strictly necessary at runtime. * But, doing it this way allows compiler optimizations * if pkeys are compiled out. */ if (bad_area_access_from_pkeys(error_code, vma)) { /* * A protection key fault means that the PKRU value did not allow * access to some PTE. Userspace can figure out what PKRU was * from the XSAVE state. This function captures the pkey from * the vma and passes it to userspace so userspace can discover * which protection key was set on the PTE. * * If we get here, we know that the hardware signaled a X86_PF_PK * fault and that there was a VMA once we got in the fault * handler. It does *not* guarantee that the VMA we find here * was the one that we faulted on. * * 1. T1 : mprotect_key(foo, PAGE_SIZE, pkey=4); * 2. T1 : set PKRU to deny access to pkey=4, touches page * 3. T1 : faults... * 4. T2: mprotect_key(foo, PAGE_SIZE, pkey=5); * 5. T1 : enters fault handler, takes mmap_sem, etc... * 6. T1 : reaches here, sees vma_pkey(vma)=5, when we really * faulted on a pte with its pkey=4. */ u32 pkey = vma_pkey(vma); __bad_area(regs, error_code, address, pkey, SEGV_PKUERR); } else { __bad_area(regs, error_code, address, 0, SEGV_ACCERR); } } static void do_sigbus(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address, unsigned int fault) { struct task_struct *tsk = current; /* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die: */ if (!(error_code & X86_PF_USER)) { no_context(regs, error_code, address, SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR); return; } /* User-space => ok to do another page fault: */ if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address)) return; tsk->thread.cr2 = address; tsk->thread.error_code = error_code; tsk->thread.trap_nr = X86_TRAP_PF; #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE if (fault & (VM_FAULT_HWPOISON|VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)) { unsigned lsb = 0; pr_err( "MCE: Killing %s:%d due to hardware memory corruption fault at %lx\n", tsk->comm, tsk->pid, address); if (fault & VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE) lsb = hstate_index_to_shift(VM_FAULT_GET_HINDEX(fault)); if (fault & VM_FAULT_HWPOISON) lsb = PAGE_SHIFT; force_sig_mceerr(BUS_MCEERR_AR, (void __user *)address, lsb, tsk); return; } #endif force_sig_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR, (void __user *)address, tsk); } static noinline void mm_fault_error(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address, vm_fault_t fault) { if (fatal_signal_pending(current) && !(error_code & X86_PF_USER)) { no_context(regs, error_code, address, 0, 0); return; } if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM) { /* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die: */ if (!(error_code & X86_PF_USER)) { no_context(regs, error_code, address, SIGSEGV, SEGV_MAPERR); return; } /* * We ran out of memory, call the OOM killer, and return the * userspace (which will retry the fault, or kill us if we got * oom-killed): */ pagefault_out_of_memory(); } else { if (fault & (VM_FAULT_SIGBUS|VM_FAULT_HWPOISON| VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)) do_sigbus(regs, error_code, address, fault); else if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV) bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address); else BUG(); } } static int spurious_kernel_fault_check(unsigned long error_code, pte_t *pte) { if ((error_code & X86_PF_WRITE) && !pte_write(*pte)) return 0; if ((error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) && !pte_exec(*pte)) return 0; return 1; } /* * Handle a spurious fault caused by a stale TLB entry. * * This allows us to lazily refresh the TLB when increasing the * permissions of a kernel page (RO -> RW or NX -> X). Doing it * eagerly is very expensive since that implies doing a full * cross-processor TLB flush, even if no stale TLB entries exist * on other processors. * * Spurious faults may only occur if the TLB contains an entry with * fewer permission than the page table entry. Non-present (P = 0) * and reserved bit (R = 1) faults are never spurious. * * There are no security implications to leaving a stale TLB when * increasing the permissions on a page. * * Returns non-zero if a spurious fault was handled, zero otherwise. * * See Intel Developer's Manual Vol 3 Section 4.10.4.3, bullet 3 * (Optional Invalidation). */ static noinline int spurious_kernel_fault(unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address) { pgd_t *pgd; p4d_t *p4d; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *pte; int ret; /* * Only writes to RO or instruction fetches from NX may cause * spurious faults. * * These could be from user or supervisor accesses but the TLB * is only lazily flushed after a kernel mapping protection * change, so user accesses are not expected to cause spurious * faults. */ if (error_code != (X86_PF_WRITE | X86_PF_PROT) && error_code != (X86_PF_INSTR | X86_PF_PROT)) return 0; pgd = init_mm.pgd + pgd_index(address); if (!pgd_present(*pgd)) return 0; p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address); if (!p4d_present(*p4d)) return 0; if (p4d_large(*p4d)) return spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) p4d); pud = pud_offset(p4d, address); if (!pud_present(*pud)) return 0; if (pud_large(*pud)) return spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pud); pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); if (!pmd_present(*pmd)) return 0; if (pmd_large(*pmd)) return spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pmd); pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address); if (!pte_present(*pte)) return 0; ret = spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, pte); if (!ret) return 0; /* * Make sure we have permissions in PMD. * If not, then there's a bug in the page tables: */ ret = spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pmd); WARN_ONCE(!ret, "PMD has incorrect permission bits\n"); return ret; } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(spurious_kernel_fault); int show_unhandled_signals = 1; static inline int access_error(unsigned long error_code, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { /* This is only called for the current mm, so: */ bool foreign = false; /* * Read or write was blocked by protection keys. This is * always an unconditional error and can never result in * a follow-up action to resolve the fault, like a COW. */ if (error_code & X86_PF_PK) return 1; /* * Make sure to check the VMA so that we do not perform * faults just to hit a X86_PF_PK as soon as we fill in a * page. */ if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, (error_code & X86_PF_WRITE), (error_code & X86_PF_INSTR), foreign)) return 1; if (error_code & X86_PF_WRITE) { /* write, present and write, not present: */ if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))) return 1; return 0; } /* read, present: */ if (unlikely(error_code & X86_PF_PROT)) return 1; /* read, not present: */ if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_READ | VM_EXEC | VM_WRITE)))) return 1; return 0; } static int fault_in_kernel_space(unsigned long address) { /* * On 64-bit systems, the vsyscall page is at an address above * TASK_SIZE_MAX, but is not considered part of the kernel * address space. */ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) && is_vsyscall_vaddr(address)) return false; return address >= TASK_SIZE_MAX; } static inline bool smap_violation(int error_code, struct pt_regs *regs) { if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_SMAP)) return false; if (!static_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SMAP)) return false; if (error_code & X86_PF_USER) return false; if (!user_mode(regs) && (regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_AC)) return false; return true; } /* * Called for all faults where 'address' is part of the kernel address * space. Might get called for faults that originate from *code* that * ran in userspace or the kernel. */ static void do_kern_addr_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long hw_error_code, unsigned long address) { /* * Protection keys exceptions only happen on user pages. We * have no user pages in the kernel portion of the address * space, so do not expect them here. */ WARN_ON_ONCE(hw_error_code & X86_PF_PK); /* * We can fault-in kernel-space virtual memory on-demand. The * 'reference' page table is init_mm.pgd. * * NOTE! We MUST NOT take any locks for this case. We may * be in an interrupt or a critical region, and should * only copy the information from the master page table, * nothing more. * * Before doing this on-demand faulting, ensure that the * fault is not any of the following: * 1. A fault on a PTE with a reserved bit set. * 2. A fault caused by a user-mode access. (Do not demand- * fault kernel memory due to user-mode accesses). * 3. A fault caused by a page-level protection violation. * (A demand fault would be on a non-present page which * would have X86_PF_PROT==0). */ if (!(hw_error_code & (X86_PF_RSVD | X86_PF_USER | X86_PF_PROT))) { if (vmalloc_fault(address) >= 0) return; } /* Was the fault spurious, caused by lazy TLB invalidation? */ if (spurious_kernel_fault(hw_error_code, address)) return; /* kprobes don't want to hook the spurious faults: */ if (kprobes_fault(regs)) return; /* * Note, despite being a "bad area", there are quite a few * acceptable reasons to get here, such as erratum fixups * and handling kernel code that can fault, like get_user(). * * Don't take the mm semaphore here. If we fixup a prefetch * fault we could otherwise deadlock: */ bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, hw_error_code, address); } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_kern_addr_fault); /* Handle faults in the user portion of the address space */ static inline void do_user_addr_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long hw_error_code, unsigned long address) { unsigned long sw_error_code; struct vm_area_struct *vma; struct task_struct *tsk; struct mm_struct *mm; vm_fault_t fault, major = 0; unsigned int flags = FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE; tsk = current; mm = tsk->mm; /* kprobes don't want to hook the spurious faults: */ if (unlikely(kprobes_fault(regs))) return; /* * Reserved bits are never expected to be set on * entries in the user portion of the page tables. */ if (unlikely(hw_error_code & X86_PF_RSVD)) pgtable_bad(regs, hw_error_code, address); /* * Check for invalid kernel (supervisor) access to user * pages in the user address space. */ if (unlikely(smap_violation(hw_error_code, regs))) { bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, hw_error_code, address); return; } /* * If we're in an interrupt, have no user context or are running * in a region with pagefaults disabled then we must not take the fault */ if (unlikely(faulthandler_disabled() || !mm)) { bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, hw_error_code, address); return; } /* * hw_error_code is literally the "page fault error code" passed to * the kernel directly from the hardware. But, we will shortly be * modifying it in software, so give it a new name. */ sw_error_code = hw_error_code; /* * It's safe to allow irq's after cr2 has been saved and the * vmalloc fault has been handled. * * User-mode registers count as a user access even for any * potential system fault or CPU buglet: */ if (user_mode(regs)) { local_irq_enable(); /* * Up to this point, X86_PF_USER set in hw_error_code * indicated a user-mode access. But, after this, * X86_PF_USER in sw_error_code will indicate either * that, *or* an implicit kernel(supervisor)-mode access * which originated from user mode. */ if (!(hw_error_code & X86_PF_USER)) { /* * The CPU was in user mode, but the CPU says * the fault was not a user-mode access. * Must be an implicit kernel-mode access, * which we do not expect to happen in the * user address space. */ pr_warn_once("kernel-mode error from user-mode: %lx\n", hw_error_code); sw_error_code |= X86_PF_USER; } flags |= FAULT_FLAG_USER; } else { if (regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_IF) local_irq_enable(); } perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS, 1, regs, address); if (sw_error_code & X86_PF_WRITE) flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE; if (sw_error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) flags |= FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION; #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64 /* * Instruction fetch faults in the vsyscall page might need * emulation. The vsyscall page is at a high address * (>PAGE_OFFSET), but is considered to be part of the user * address space. * * The vsyscall page does not have a "real" VMA, so do this * emulation before we go searching for VMAs. */ if ((sw_error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) && is_vsyscall_vaddr(address)) { if (emulate_vsyscall(regs, address)) return; } #endif /* * Kernel-mode access to the user address space should only occur * on well-defined single instructions listed in the exception * tables. But, an erroneous kernel fault occurring outside one of * those areas which also holds mmap_sem might deadlock attempting * to validate the fault against the address space. * * Only do the expensive exception table search when we might be at * risk of a deadlock. This happens if we * 1. Failed to acquire mmap_sem, and * 2. The access did not originate in userspace. Note: either the * hardware or earlier page fault code may set X86_PF_USER * in sw_error_code. */ if (unlikely(!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem))) { if (!(sw_error_code & X86_PF_USER) && !search_exception_tables(regs->ip)) { /* * Fault from code in kernel from * which we do not expect faults. */ bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, sw_error_code, address); return; } retry: down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); } else { /* * The above down_read_trylock() might have succeeded in * which case we'll have missed the might_sleep() from * down_read(): */ might_sleep(); } vma = find_vma(mm, address); if (unlikely(!vma)) { bad_area(regs, sw_error_code, address); return; } if (likely(vma->vm_start <= address)) goto good_area; if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))) { bad_area(regs, sw_error_code, address); return; } if (sw_error_code & X86_PF_USER) { /* * Accessing the stack below %sp is always a bug. * The large cushion allows instructions like enter * and pusha to work. ("enter $65535, $31" pushes * 32 pointers and then decrements %sp by 65535.) */ if (unlikely(address + 65536 + 32 * sizeof(unsigned long) < regs->sp)) { bad_area(regs, sw_error_code, address); return; } } if (unlikely(expand_stack(vma, address))) { bad_area(regs, sw_error_code, address); return; } /* * Ok, we have a good vm_area for this memory access, so * we can handle it.. */ good_area: if (unlikely(access_error(sw_error_code, vma))) { bad_area_access_error(regs, sw_error_code, address, vma); return; } /* * If for any reason at all we couldn't handle the fault, * make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo * the fault. Since we never set FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT, if * we get VM_FAULT_RETRY back, the mmap_sem has been unlocked. * * Note that handle_userfault() may also release and reacquire mmap_sem * (and not return with VM_FAULT_RETRY), when returning to userland to * repeat the page fault later with a VM_FAULT_NOPAGE retval * (potentially after handling any pending signal during the return to * userland). The return to userland is identified whenever * FAULT_FLAG_USER|FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE are both set in flags. */ fault = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags); major |= fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR; /* * If we need to retry the mmap_sem has already been released, * and if there is a fatal signal pending there is no guarantee * that we made any progress. Handle this case first. */ if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_RETRY)) { /* Retry at most once */ if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY) { flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY; flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED; if (!fatal_signal_pending(tsk)) goto retry; } /* User mode? Just return to handle the fatal exception */ if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER) return; /* Not returning to user mode? Handle exceptions or die: */ no_context(regs, sw_error_code, address, SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR); return; } up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_ERROR)) { mm_fault_error(regs, sw_error_code, address, fault); return; } /* * Major/minor page fault accounting. If any of the events * returned VM_FAULT_MAJOR, we account it as a major fault. */ if (major) { tsk->maj_flt++; perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ, 1, regs, address); } else { tsk->min_flt++; perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN, 1, regs, address); } check_v8086_mode(regs, address, tsk); } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_user_addr_fault); /* * This routine handles page faults. It determines the address, * and the problem, and then passes it off to one of the appropriate * routines. */ static noinline void __do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long hw_error_code, unsigned long address) { prefetchw(¤t->mm->mmap_sem); if (unlikely(kmmio_fault(regs, address))) return; /* Was the fault on kernel-controlled part of the address space? */ if (unlikely(fault_in_kernel_space(address))) do_kern_addr_fault(regs, hw_error_code, address); else do_user_addr_fault(regs, hw_error_code, address); } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(__do_page_fault); static nokprobe_inline void trace_page_fault_entries(unsigned long address, struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code) { if (user_mode(regs)) trace_page_fault_user(address, regs, error_code); else trace_page_fault_kernel(address, regs, error_code); } /* * We must have this function blacklisted from kprobes, tagged with notrace * and call read_cr2() before calling anything else. To avoid calling any * kind of tracing machinery before we've observed the CR2 value. * * exception_{enter,exit}() contains all sorts of tracepoints. */ dotraplinkage void notrace do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code) { unsigned long address = read_cr2(); /* Get the faulting address */ enum ctx_state prev_state; prev_state = exception_enter(); if (trace_pagefault_enabled()) trace_page_fault_entries(address, regs, error_code); __do_page_fault(regs, error_code, address); exception_exit(prev_state); } NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_page_fault);
Information contained on this website is for historical information purposes only and does not indicate or represent copyright ownership.
Created with Cregit http://github.com/cregit/cregit
Version 2.0-RC1