Release 4.8 mm/vmstat.c
/*
* linux/mm/vmstat.c
*
* Manages VM statistics
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
*
* zoned VM statistics
* Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.,
* Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
* Copyright (C) 2008-2014 Christoph Lameter
*/
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpumask.h>
#include <linux/vmstat.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/math64.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/compaction.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/page_ext.h>
#include <linux/page_owner.h>
#include "internal.h"
#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}};
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states);
static void sum_vm_events(unsigned long *ret)
{
int cpu;
int i;
memset(ret, 0, NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long));
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
struct vm_event_state *this = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++)
ret[i] += this->event[i];
}
}
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/*
* Accumulate the vm event counters across all CPUs.
* The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
* during and after execution of this function.
*/
void all_vm_events(unsigned long *ret)
{
get_online_cpus();
sum_vm_events(ret);
put_online_cpus();
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(all_vm_events);
/*
* Fold the foreign cpu events into our own.
*
* This is adding to the events on one processor
* but keeps the global counts constant.
*/
void vm_events_fold_cpu(int cpu)
{
struct vm_event_state *fold_state = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
int i;
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) {
count_vm_events(i, fold_state->event[i]);
fold_state->event[i] = 0;
}
}
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#endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS */
/*
* Manage combined zone based / global counters
*
* vm_stat contains the global counters
*/
atomic_long_t vm_zone_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
atomic_long_t vm_node_stat[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS] __cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_zone_stat);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_node_stat);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
int calculate_pressure_threshold(struct zone *zone)
{
int threshold;
int watermark_distance;
/*
* As vmstats are not up to date, there is drift between the estimated
* and real values. For high thresholds and a high number of CPUs, it
* is possible for the min watermark to be breached while the estimated
* value looks fine. The pressure threshold is a reduced value such
* that even the maximum amount of drift will not accidentally breach
* the min watermark
*/
watermark_distance = low_wmark_pages(zone) - min_wmark_pages(zone);
threshold = max(1, (int)(watermark_distance / num_online_cpus()));
/*
* Maximum threshold is 125
*/
threshold = min(125, threshold);
return threshold;
}
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int calculate_normal_threshold(struct zone *zone)
{
int threshold;
int mem; /* memory in 128 MB units */
/*
* The threshold scales with the number of processors and the amount
* of memory per zone. More memory means that we can defer updates for
* longer, more processors could lead to more contention.
* fls() is used to have a cheap way of logarithmic scaling.
*
* Some sample thresholds:
*
* Threshold Processors (fls) Zonesize fls(mem+1)
* ------------------------------------------------------------------
* 8 1 1 0.9-1 GB 4
* 16 2 2 0.9-1 GB 4
* 20 2 2 1-2 GB 5
* 24 2 2 2-4 GB 6
* 28 2 2 4-8 GB 7
* 32 2 2 8-16 GB 8
* 4 2 2 <128M 1
* 30 4 3 2-4 GB 5
* 48 4 3 8-16 GB 8
* 32 8 4 1-2 GB 4
* 32 8 4 0.9-1GB 4
* 10 16 5 <128M 1
* 40 16 5 900M 4
* 70 64 7 2-4 GB 5
* 84 64 7 4-8 GB 6
* 108 512 9 4-8 GB 6
* 125 1024 10 8-16 GB 8
* 125 1024 10 16-32 GB 9
*/
mem = zone->managed_pages >> (27 - PAGE_SHIFT);
threshold = 2 * fls(num_online_cpus()) * (1 + fls(mem));
/*
* Maximum threshold is 125
*/
threshold = min(125, threshold);
return threshold;
}
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/*
* Refresh the thresholds for each zone.
*/
void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void)
{
struct pglist_data *pgdat;
struct zone *zone;
int cpu;
int threshold;
/* Zero current pgdat thresholds */
for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold = 0;
}
}
for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
unsigned long max_drift, tolerate_drift;
threshold = calculate_normal_threshold(zone);
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
int pgdat_threshold;
per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->stat_threshold
= threshold;
/* Base nodestat threshold on the largest populated zone. */
pgdat_threshold = per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold;
per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold
= max(threshold, pgdat_threshold);
}
/*
* Only set percpu_drift_mark if there is a danger that
* NR_FREE_PAGES reports the low watermark is ok when in fact
* the min watermark could be breached by an allocation
*/
tolerate_drift = low_wmark_pages(zone) - min_wmark_pages(zone);
max_drift = num_online_cpus() * threshold;
if (max_drift > tolerate_drift)
zone->percpu_drift_mark = high_wmark_pages(zone) +
max_drift;
}
}
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void set_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat,
int (*calculate_pressure)(struct zone *))
{
struct zone *zone;
int cpu;
int threshold;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < pgdat->nr_zones; i++) {
zone = &pgdat->node_zones[i];
if (!zone->percpu_drift_mark)
continue;
threshold = (*calculate_pressure)(zone);
for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->stat_threshold
= threshold;
}
}
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/*
* For use when we know that interrupts are disabled,
* or when we know that preemption is disabled and that
* particular counter cannot be updated from interrupt context.
*/
void __mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
long delta)
{
struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *pcp = zone->pageset;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
long x;
long t;
x = delta + __this_cpu_read(*p);
t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
if (unlikely(x > t || x < -t)) {
zone_page_state_add(x, zone, item);
x = 0;
}
__this_cpu_write(*p, x);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_zone_page_state);
void __mod_node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item,
long delta)
{
struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item;
long x;
long t;
x = delta + __this_cpu_read(*p);
t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
if (unlikely(x > t || x < -t)) {
node_page_state_add(x, pgdat, item);
x = 0;
}
__this_cpu_write(*p, x);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_node_page_state);
/*
* Optimized increment and decrement functions.
*
* These are only for a single page and therefore can take a struct page *
* argument instead of struct zone *. This allows the inclusion of the code
* generated for page_zone(page) into the optimized functions.
*
* No overflow check is necessary and therefore the differential can be
* incremented or decremented in place which may allow the compilers to
* generate better code.
* The increment or decrement is known and therefore one boundary check can
* be omitted.
*
* NOTE: These functions are very performance sensitive. Change only
* with care.
*
* Some processors have inc/dec instructions that are atomic vs an interrupt.
* However, the code must first determine the differential location in a zone
* based on the processor number and then inc/dec the counter. There is no
* guarantee without disabling preemption that the processor will not change
* in between and therefore the atomicity vs. interrupt cannot be exploited
* in a useful way here.
*/
void __inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *pcp = zone->pageset;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
s8 v, t;
v = __this_cpu_inc_return(*p);
t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
if (unlikely(v > t)) {
s8 overstep = t >> 1;
zone_page_state_add(v + overstep, zone, item);
__this_cpu_write(*p, -overstep);
}
}
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void __inc_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item)
{
struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item;
s8 v, t;
v = __this_cpu_inc_return(*p);
t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
if (unlikely(v > t)) {
s8 overstep = t >> 1;
node_page_state_add(v + overstep, pgdat, item);
__this_cpu_write(*p, -overstep);
}
}
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void __inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
__inc_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_zone_page_state);
void __inc_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item)
{
__inc_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_node_page_state);
void __dec_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *pcp = zone->pageset;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
s8 v, t;
v = __this_cpu_dec_return(*p);
t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
if (unlikely(v < - t)) {
s8 overstep = t >> 1;
zone_page_state_add(v - overstep, zone, item);
__this_cpu_write(*p, overstep);
}
}
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void __dec_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item)
{
struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item;
s8 v, t;
v = __this_cpu_dec_return(*p);
t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
if (unlikely(v < - t)) {
s8 overstep = t >> 1;
node_page_state_add(v - overstep, pgdat, item);
__this_cpu_write(*p, overstep);
}
}
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void __dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
__dec_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_zone_page_state);
void __dec_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item)
{
__dec_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_node_page_state);
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_CMPXCHG_LOCAL
/*
* If we have cmpxchg_local support then we do not need to incur the overhead
* that comes with local_irq_save/restore if we use this_cpu_cmpxchg.
*
* mod_state() modifies the zone counter state through atomic per cpu
* operations.
*
* Overstep mode specifies how overstep should handled:
* 0 No overstepping
* 1 Overstepping half of threshold
* -1 Overstepping minus half of threshold
*/
static inline void mod_zone_state(struct zone *zone,
enum zone_stat_item item, long delta, int overstep_mode)
{
struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *pcp = zone->pageset;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
long o, n, t, z;
do {
z = 0; /* overflow to zone counters */
/*
* The fetching of the stat_threshold is racy. We may apply
* a counter threshold to the wrong the cpu if we get
* rescheduled while executing here. However, the next
* counter update will apply the threshold again and
* therefore bring the counter under the threshold again.
*
* Most of the time the thresholds are the same anyways
* for all cpus in a zone.
*/
t = this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
o = this_cpu_read(*p);
n = delta + o;
if (n > t || n < -t) {
int os = overstep_mode * (t >> 1) ;
/* Overflow must be added to zone counters */
z = n + os;
n = -os;
}
} while (this_cpu_cmpxchg(*p, o, n) != o);
if (z)
zone_page_state_add(z, zone, item);
}
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void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
long delta)
{
mod_zone_state(zone, item, delta, 0);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state);
void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
mod_zone_state(page_zone(page), item, 1, 1);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state);
void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
mod_zone_state(page_zone(page), item, -1, -1);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state);
static inline void mod_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
enum node_stat_item item, int delta, int overstep_mode)
{
struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *pcp = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats;
s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_node_stat_diff + item;
long o, n, t, z;
do {
z = 0; /* overflow to node counters */
/*
* The fetching of the stat_threshold is racy. We may apply
* a counter threshold to the wrong the cpu if we get
* rescheduled while executing here. However, the next
* counter update will apply the threshold again and
* therefore bring the counter under the threshold again.
*
* Most of the time the thresholds are the same anyways
* for all cpus in a node.
*/
t = this_cpu_read(pcp->stat_threshold);
o = this_cpu_read(*p);
n = delta + o;
if (n > t || n < -t) {
int os = overstep_mode * (t >> 1) ;
/* Overflow must be added to node counters */
z = n + os;
n = -os;
}
} while (this_cpu_cmpxchg(*p, o, n) != o);
if (z)
node_page_state_add(z, pgdat, item);
}
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void mod_node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item,
long delta)
{
mod_node_state(pgdat, item, delta, 0);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_node_page_state);
void inc_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item)
{
mod_node_state(pgdat, item, 1, 1);
}
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void inc_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item)
{
mod_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item, 1, 1);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_node_page_state);
void dec_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item)
{
mod_node_state(page_pgdat(page), item, -1, -1);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_node_page_state);
#else
/*
* Use interrupt disable to serialize counter updates
*/
void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
long delta)
{
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
__mod_zone_page_state(zone, item, delta);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state);
void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
unsigned long flags;
struct zone *zone;
zone = page_zone(page);
local_irq_save(flags);
__inc_zone_state(zone, item);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state);
void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
__dec_zone_page_state(page, item);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state);
void inc_node_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item)
{
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
__inc_node_state(pgdat, item);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_node_state);
void mod_node_page_state(struct pglist_data *pgdat, enum node_stat_item item,
long delta)
{
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
__mod_node_page_state(pgdat, item, delta);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_node_page_state);
void inc_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item)
{
unsigned long flags;
struct pglist_data *pgdat;
pgdat = page_pgdat(page);
local_irq_save(flags);
__inc_node_state(pgdat, item);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
Contributors
| Person | Tokens | Prop | Commits | CommitProp |
mel gorman | mel gorman | 47 | 100.00% | 1 | 100.00% |
| Total | 47 | 100.00% | 1 | 100.00% |
EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_node_page_state);
void dec_node_page_state(struct page *page, enum node_stat_item item)
{
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
__dec_node_page_state(page, item);
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
Contributors
| Person | Tokens | Prop | Commits | CommitProp |
mel gorman | mel gorman | 35 | 100.00% | 1 | 100.00% |
| Total | 35 | 100.00% | 1 | 100.00% |
EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_node_page_state);
#endif
/*
* Fold a differential into the global counters.
* Returns the number of counters updated.
*/
static int fold_diff(int *zone_diff, int *node_diff)
{
int i;
int changes = 0;
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
if (zone_diff[i]) {
atomic_long_add(zone_diff[i], &vm_zone_stat[i]);
changes++;
}
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
if (node_diff[i]) {
atomic_long_add(node_diff[i], &vm_node_stat[i]);
changes++;
}
return changes;
}
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| Person | Tokens | Prop | Commits | CommitProp |
christoph lameter | christoph lameter | 56 | 54.37% | 2 | 66.67% |
mel gorman | mel gorman | 47 | 45.63% | 1 | 33.33% |
| Total | 103 | 100.00% | 3 | 100.00% |
/*
* Update the zone counters for the current cpu.
*
* Note that refresh_cpu_vm_stats strives to only access
* node local memory. The per cpu pagesets on remote zones are placed
* in the memory local to the processor using that pageset. So the
* loop over all zones will access a series of cachelines local to
* the processor.
*
* The call to zone_page_state_add updates the cachelines with the
* statistics in the remote zone struct as well as the global cachelines
* with the global counters. These could cause remote node cache line
* bouncing and will have to be only done when necessary.
*
* The function returns the number of global counters updated.
*/
static int refresh_cpu_vm_stats(bool do_pagesets)
{
struct pglist_data *pgdat;
struct zone *zone;
int i;
int global_zone_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, };
int global_node_diff[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, };
int changes = 0;
for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *p = zone->pageset;
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) {
int v;
v = this_cpu_xchg(p->vm_stat_diff[i], 0);
if (v) {
atomic_long_add(v, &zone->vm_stat[i]);
global_zone_diff[i] += v;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/* 3 seconds idle till flush */
__this_cpu_write(p->expire, 3);
#endif
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
if (do_pagesets) {
cond_resched();
/*
* Deal with draining the remote pageset of this
* processor
*
* Check if there are pages remaining in this pageset
* if not then there is nothing to expire.
*/
if (!__this_cpu_read(p->expire) ||
!__this_cpu_read(p->pcp.count))
continue;
/*
* We never drain zones local to this processor.
*/
if (zone_to_nid(zone) == numa_node_id()) {
__this_cpu_write(p->expire, 0);
continue;
}
if (__this_cpu_dec_return(p->expire))
continue;
if (__this_cpu_read(p->pcp.count)) {
drain_zone_pages(zone, this_cpu_ptr(&p->pcp));
changes++;
}
}
#endif
}
for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
struct per_cpu_nodestat __percpu *p = pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats;
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS; i++) {
int v;
v = this_cpu_xchg(p->vm_node_stat_diff[i], 0);
if (v) {
atomic_long_add(v, &pgdat->vm_stat[i]);
global_node_diff[i] += v;
}
}
}
changes += fold_diff(global_zone_diff, global_node_diff);
return changes;
}
Contributors
| Person | Tokens | Prop | Commits | CommitProp |
christoph lameter | christoph lameter | 225 | 70.31% | 12 | 85.71% |
mel gorman | mel gorman | 94 | 29.38% | 1 | 7.14% |
kosaki motohiro | kosaki motohiro | 1 | 0.31% | 1 | 7.14% |
| Total | 320 | 100.00% | 14 | 100.00% |
/*
* Fold the data for an offline cpu into the global array.
* There cannot be any access by the offline cpu and therefore
* synchronization is simplified.
*/
void cpu_vm_stats_fold(int cpu)
{
struct pglist_data *pgdat;
struct zone *zone;
int i;
int global_zone_diff[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, };
int global_node_diff[NR_VM_NODE_STAT_ITEMS] = { 0, };
for_each_populated_zone(zone) {
struct per_cpu_pageset *p;
p = per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu);
for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
if (p->vm_stat_diff[i]) {
int v;
v = p->vm_stat_diff[i];
p->vm_stat_diff[i] = 0;
atomic_long_add(v, &zone->vm_stat[i]);
global_zone_diff[