cregit-Linux how code gets into the kernel

Release 4.9 arch/parisc/lib/memcpy.c

Directory: arch/parisc/lib
/*
 *    Optimized memory copy routines.
 *
 *    Copyright (C) 2004 Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
 *    Copyright (C) 2013 Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
 *
 *    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
 *    any later version.
 *
 *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *    GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 *
 *    Portions derived from the GNU C Library
 *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1997, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 *
 * Several strategies are tried to try to get the best performance for various
 * conditions. In the optimal case, we copy 64-bytes in an unrolled loop using 
 * fp regs. This is followed by loops that copy 32- or 16-bytes at a time using
 * general registers.  Unaligned copies are handled either by aligning the 
 * destination and then using shift-and-write method, or in a few cases by 
 * falling back to a byte-at-a-time copy.
 *
 * I chose to implement this in C because it is easier to maintain and debug,
 * and in my experiments it appears that the C code generated by gcc (3.3/3.4
 * at the time of writing) is fairly optimal. Unfortunately some of the 
 * semantics of the copy routine (exception handling) is difficult to express
 * in C, so we have to play some tricks to get it to work.
 *
 * All the loads and stores are done via explicit asm() code in order to use
 * the right space registers. 
 * 
 * Testing with various alignments and buffer sizes shows that this code is 
 * often >10x faster than a simple byte-at-a-time copy, even for strangely
 * aligned operands. It is interesting to note that the glibc version
 * of memcpy (written in C) is actually quite fast already. This routine is 
 * able to beat it by 30-40% for aligned copies because of the loop unrolling, 
 * but in some cases the glibc version is still slightly faster. This lends 
 * more credibility that gcc can generate very good code as long as we are 
 * careful.
 *
 * TODO:
 * - cache prefetching needs more experimentation to get optimal settings
 * - try not to use the post-increment address modifiers; they create additional
 *   interlocks
 * - replace byte-copy loops with stybs sequences
 */

#ifdef __KERNEL__
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#define s_space "%%sr1"

#define d_space "%%sr2"
#else
#include "memcpy.h"

#define s_space "%%sr0"

#define d_space "%%sr0"

#define pa_memcpy new2_copy
#endif

DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct exception_data, exception_data);


#define preserve_branch(label)	do {                                    \
        volatile int dummy = 0;                                         \
	/* The following branch is never taken, it's just here to  */	\
	/* prevent gcc from optimizing away our exception code. */ 	\
        if (unlikely(dummy != dummy))                                   \
                goto label;                                             \
} while (0)


#define get_user_space() (segment_eq(get_fs(), KERNEL_DS) ? 0 : mfsp(3))

#define get_kernel_space() (0)


#define MERGE(w0, sh_1, w1, sh_2)  ({                                      \
        unsigned int _r;                                                \
        asm volatile (                                                  \
        "mtsar %3\n"                                                    \
        "shrpw %1, %2, %%sar, %0\n"                                     \
        : "=r"(_r)                                                      \
        : "r"(w0), "r"(w1), "r"(sh_2)                                   \
        );                                                              \
        _r;                                                             \
})

#define THRESHOLD	16

#ifdef DEBUG_MEMCPY

#define DPRINTF(fmt, args...) do { printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s:%d:%s ", __FILE__, __LINE__, __func__ ); printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##args ); } while (0)
#else

#define DPRINTF(fmt, args...)
#endif


#define def_load_ai_insn(_insn,_sz,_tt,_s,_a,_t,_e)	\
	__asm__ __volatile__ (                          \
        "1:\t" #_insn ",ma " #_sz "(" _s ",%1), %0\n\t" \
        ASM_EXCEPTIONTABLE_ENTRY(1b,_e)                 \
        : _tt(_t), "+r"(_a)                             \
        :                                               \
        : "r8")


#define def_store_ai_insn(_insn,_sz,_tt,_s,_a,_t,_e) 	\
	__asm__ __volatile__ (                          \
        "1:\t" #_insn ",ma %1, " #_sz "(" _s ",%0)\n\t" \
        ASM_EXCEPTIONTABLE_ENTRY(1b,_e)                 \
        : "+r"(_a)                                      \
        : _tt(_t)                                       \
        : "r8")


#define ldbma(_s, _a, _t, _e) def_load_ai_insn(ldbs,1,"=r",_s,_a,_t,_e)

#define stbma(_s, _t, _a, _e) def_store_ai_insn(stbs,1,"r",_s,_a,_t,_e)

#define ldwma(_s, _a, _t, _e) def_load_ai_insn(ldw,4,"=r",_s,_a,_t,_e)

#define stwma(_s, _t, _a, _e) def_store_ai_insn(stw,4,"r",_s,_a,_t,_e)

#define flddma(_s, _a, _t, _e) def_load_ai_insn(fldd,8,"=f",_s,_a,_t,_e)

#define fstdma(_s, _t, _a, _e) def_store_ai_insn(fstd,8,"f",_s,_a,_t,_e)


#define def_load_insn(_insn,_tt,_s,_o,_a,_t,_e) 	\
	__asm__ __volatile__ (                          \
        "1:\t" #_insn " " #_o "(" _s ",%1), %0\n\t"     \
        ASM_EXCEPTIONTABLE_ENTRY(1b,_e)                 \
        : _tt(_t)                                       \
        : "r"(_a)                                       \
        : "r8")


#define def_store_insn(_insn,_tt,_s,_t,_o,_a,_e) 	\
	__asm__ __volatile__ (                          \
        "1:\t" #_insn " %0, " #_o "(" _s ",%1)\n\t"     \
        ASM_EXCEPTIONTABLE_ENTRY(1b,_e)                 \
        :                                               \
        : _tt(_t), "r"(_a)                              \
        : "r8")


#define ldw(_s,_o,_a,_t,_e)	def_load_insn(ldw,"=r",_s,_o,_a,_t,_e)

#define stw(_s,_t,_o,_a,_e) 	def_store_insn(stw,"r",_s,_t,_o,_a,_e)

#ifdef  CONFIG_PREFETCH



static inline void prefetch_src(const void *addr)
{
	__asm__("ldw 0(" s_space ",%0), %%r0" : : "r" (addr));
}


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adrian bunkadrian bunk17.69%150.00%


Total13100.00%2100.00%






static inline void prefetch_dst(const void *addr)
{
	__asm__("ldd 0(" d_space ",%0), %%r0" : : "r" (addr));
}

Contributors
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matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox1292.31%150.00%


adrian bunkadrian bunk17.69%150.00%


Total13100.00%2100.00%



#else

#define prefetch_src(addr) do { } while(0)

#define prefetch_dst(addr) do { } while(0)
#endif


#define PA_MEMCPY_OK		0

#define PA_MEMCPY_LOAD_ERROR	1

#define PA_MEMCPY_STORE_ERROR	2

/* Copy from a not-aligned src to an aligned dst, using shifts. Handles 4 words
 * per loop.  This code is derived from glibc. 
 */



static noinline unsigned long copy_dstaligned(unsigned long dst,
					unsigned long src, unsigned long len)
{
	/* gcc complains that a2 and a3 may be uninitialized, but actually
         * they cannot be.  Initialize a2/a3 to shut gcc up.
         */
	register unsigned int a0, a1, a2 = 0, a3 = 0;
	int sh_1, sh_2;

	/* prefetch_src((const void *)src); */

	/* Calculate how to shift a word read at the memory operation
           aligned srcp to make it aligned for copy.  */
	sh_1 = 8 * (src % sizeof(unsigned int));
	sh_2 = 8 * sizeof(unsigned int) - sh_1;

	/* Make src aligned by rounding it down.  */
	src &= -sizeof(unsigned int);

	switch (len % 4)
	{
		case 2:
			/* a1 = ((unsigned int *) src)[0];
                           a2 = ((unsigned int *) src)[1]; */
			ldw(s_space, 0, src, a1, cda_ldw_exc);
			ldw(s_space, 4, src, a2, cda_ldw_exc);
			src -= 1 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			dst -= 3 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			len += 2;
			goto do1;
		case 3:
			/* a0 = ((unsigned int *) src)[0];
                           a1 = ((unsigned int *) src)[1]; */
			ldw(s_space, 0, src, a0, cda_ldw_exc);
			ldw(s_space, 4, src, a1, cda_ldw_exc);
			src -= 0 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			dst -= 2 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			len += 1;
			goto do2;
		case 0:
			if (len == 0)
				return PA_MEMCPY_OK;
			/* a3 = ((unsigned int *) src)[0];
                           a0 = ((unsigned int *) src)[1]; */
			ldw(s_space, 0, src, a3, cda_ldw_exc);
			ldw(s_space, 4, src, a0, cda_ldw_exc);
			src -=-1 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			dst -= 1 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			len += 0;
			goto do3;
		case 1:
			/* a2 = ((unsigned int *) src)[0];
                           a3 = ((unsigned int *) src)[1]; */
			ldw(s_space, 0, src, a2, cda_ldw_exc);
			ldw(s_space, 4, src, a3, cda_ldw_exc);
			src -=-2 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			dst -= 0 * sizeof(unsigned int);
			len -= 1;
			if (len == 0)
				goto do0;
			goto do4;			/* No-op.  */
	}

	do
	{
		/* prefetch_src((const void *)(src + 4 * sizeof(unsigned int))); */
do4:
		/* a0 = ((unsigned int *) src)[0]; */
		ldw(s_space, 0, src, a0, cda_ldw_exc);
		/* ((unsigned int *) dst)[0] = MERGE (a2, sh_1, a3, sh_2); */
		stw(d_space, MERGE (a2, sh_1, a3, sh_2), 0, dst, cda_stw_exc);
do3:
		/* a1 = ((unsigned int *) src)[1]; */
		ldw(s_space, 4, src, a1, cda_ldw_exc);
		/* ((unsigned int *) dst)[1] = MERGE (a3, sh_1, a0, sh_2); */
		stw(d_space, MERGE (a3, sh_1, a0, sh_2), 4, dst, cda_stw_exc);
do2:
		/* a2 = ((unsigned int *) src)[2]; */
		ldw(s_space, 8, src, a2, cda_ldw_exc);
		/* ((unsigned int *) dst)[2] = MERGE (a0, sh_1, a1, sh_2); */
		stw(d_space, MERGE (a0, sh_1, a1, sh_2), 8, dst, cda_stw_exc);
do1:
		/* a3 = ((unsigned int *) src)[3]; */
		ldw(s_space, 12, src, a3, cda_ldw_exc);
		/* ((unsigned int *) dst)[3] = MERGE (a1, sh_1, a2, sh_2); */
		stw(d_space, MERGE (a1, sh_1, a2, sh_2), 12, dst, cda_stw_exc);

		src += 4 * sizeof(unsigned int);
		dst += 4 * sizeof(unsigned int);
		len -= 4;
	}
	while (len != 0);

do0:
	/* ((unsigned int *) dst)[0] = MERGE (a2, sh_1, a3, sh_2); */
	stw(d_space, MERGE (a2, sh_1, a3, sh_2), 0, dst, cda_stw_exc);

	preserve_branch(handle_load_error);
	preserve_branch(handle_store_error);

	return PA_MEMCPY_OK;

handle_load_error:
	__asm__ __volatile__ ("cda_ldw_exc:\n");
	return PA_MEMCPY_LOAD_ERROR;

handle_store_error:
	__asm__ __volatile__ ("cda_stw_exc:\n");
	return PA_MEMCPY_STORE_ERROR;
}



Contributors
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matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox57699.14%133.33%


helge dellerhelge deller50.86%266.67%


Total581100.00%3100.00%



/* Returns PA_MEMCPY_OK, PA_MEMCPY_LOAD_ERROR or PA_MEMCPY_STORE_ERROR.
 * In case of an access fault the faulty address can be read from the per_cpu
 * exception data struct. */



static noinline unsigned long pa_memcpy_internal(void *dstp, const void *srcp,
					unsigned long len)
{
	register unsigned long src, dst, t1, t2, t3;
	register unsigned char *pcs, *pcd;
	register unsigned int *pws, *pwd;
	register double *pds, *pdd;
	unsigned long ret;

	src = (unsigned long)srcp;
	dst = (unsigned long)dstp;
	pcs = (unsigned char *)srcp;
	pcd = (unsigned char *)dstp;

	/* prefetch_src((const void *)srcp); */

	if (len < THRESHOLD)
		goto byte_copy;

	/* Check alignment */
	t1 = (src ^ dst);
	if (unlikely(t1 & (sizeof(double)-1)))
		goto unaligned_copy;

	/* src and dst have same alignment. */

	/* Copy bytes till we are double-aligned. */
	t2 = src & (sizeof(double) - 1);
	if (unlikely(t2 != 0)) {
		t2 = sizeof(double) - t2;
		while (t2 && len) {
			/* *pcd++ = *pcs++; */
			ldbma(s_space, pcs, t3, pmc_load_exc);
			len--;
			stbma(d_space, t3, pcd, pmc_store_exc);
			t2--;
		}
	}

	pds = (double *)pcs;
	pdd = (double *)pcd;

#if 0
	/* Copy 8 doubles at a time */
	while (len >= 8*sizeof(double)) {
                register double r1, r2, r3, r4, r5, r6, r7, r8;
		/* prefetch_src((char *)pds + L1_CACHE_BYTES); */
		flddma(s_space, pds, r1, pmc_load_exc);
                flddma(s_space, pds, r2, pmc_load_exc);
                flddma(s_space, pds, r3, pmc_load_exc);
                flddma(s_space, pds, r4, pmc_load_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r1, pdd, pmc_store_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r2, pdd, pmc_store_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r3, pdd, pmc_store_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r4, pdd, pmc_store_exc);

#if 0
		if (L1_CACHE_BYTES <= 32)
                        prefetch_src((char *)pds + L1_CACHE_BYTES);
#endif
		flddma(s_space, pds, r5, pmc_load_exc);
                flddma(s_space, pds, r6, pmc_load_exc);
                flddma(s_space, pds, r7, pmc_load_exc);
                flddma(s_space, pds, r8, pmc_load_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r5, pdd, pmc_store_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r6, pdd, pmc_store_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r7, pdd, pmc_store_exc);
                fstdma(d_space, r8, pdd, pmc_store_exc);
                len -= 8*sizeof(double);
        }
#endif

	pws = (unsigned int *)pds;
	pwd = (unsigned int *)pdd;

word_copy:
	while (len >= 8*sizeof(unsigned int)) {
		register unsigned int r1,r2,r3,r4,r5,r6,r7,r8;
		/* prefetch_src((char *)pws + L1_CACHE_BYTES); */
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r1, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r2, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r3, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r4, pmc_load_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r1, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r2, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r3, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r4, pwd, pmc_store_exc);

		ldwma(s_space, pws, r5, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r6, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r7, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r8, pmc_load_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r5, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r6, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r7, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r8, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		len -= 8*sizeof(unsigned int);
	}

	while (len >= 4*sizeof(unsigned int)) {
		register unsigned int r1,r2,r3,r4;
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r1, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r2, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r3, pmc_load_exc);
		ldwma(s_space, pws, r4, pmc_load_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r1, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r2, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r3, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		stwma(d_space, r4, pwd, pmc_store_exc);
		len -= 4*sizeof(unsigned int);
	}

	pcs = (unsigned char *)pws;
	pcd = (unsigned char *)pwd;

byte_copy:
	while (len) {
		/* *pcd++ = *pcs++; */
		ldbma(s_space, pcs, t3, pmc_load_exc);
		stbma(d_space, t3, pcd, pmc_store_exc);
		len--;
	}

	return PA_MEMCPY_OK;

unaligned_copy:
	/* possibly we are aligned on a word, but not on a double... */
	if (likely((t1 & (sizeof(unsigned int)-1)) == 0)) {
		t2 = src & (sizeof(unsigned int) - 1);

		if (unlikely(t2 != 0)) {
			t2 = sizeof(unsigned int) - t2;
			while (t2) {
				/* *pcd++ = *pcs++; */
				ldbma(s_space, pcs, t3, pmc_load_exc);
				stbma(d_space, t3, pcd, pmc_store_exc);
				len--;
				t2--;
			}
		}

		pws = (unsigned int *)pcs;
		pwd = (unsigned int *)pcd;
		goto word_copy;
	}

	/* Align the destination.  */
	if (unlikely((dst & (sizeof(unsigned int) - 1)) != 0)) {
		t2 = sizeof(unsigned int) - (dst & (sizeof(unsigned int) - 1));
		while (t2) {
			/* *pcd++ = *pcs++; */
			ldbma(s_space, pcs, t3, pmc_load_exc);
			stbma(d_space, t3, pcd, pmc_store_exc);
			len--;
			t2--;
		}
		dst = (unsigned long)pcd;
		src = (unsigned long)pcs;
	}

	ret = copy_dstaligned(dst, src, len / sizeof(unsigned int));
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	pcs += (len & -sizeof(unsigned int));
	pcd += (len & -sizeof(unsigned int));
	len %= sizeof(unsigned int);

	preserve_branch(handle_load_error);
	preserve_branch(handle_store_error);

	goto byte_copy;

handle_load_error:
	__asm__ __volatile__ ("pmc_load_exc:\n");
	return PA_MEMCPY_LOAD_ERROR;

handle_store_error:
	__asm__ __volatile__ ("pmc_store_exc:\n");
	return PA_MEMCPY_STORE_ERROR;
}



Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox93297.18%228.57%


helge dellerhelge deller151.56%228.57%


randolph chungrandolph chung111.15%228.57%


adrian bunkadrian bunk10.10%114.29%


Total959100.00%7100.00%



/* Returns 0 for success, otherwise, returns number of bytes not transferred. */



static unsigned long pa_memcpy(void *dstp, const void *srcp, unsigned long len)
{
	unsigned long ret, fault_addr, reference;
	struct exception_data *d;

	ret = pa_memcpy_internal(dstp, srcp, len);
	if (likely(ret == PA_MEMCPY_OK))
		return 0;

	/* if a load or store fault occured we can get the faulty addr */
	d = this_cpu_ptr(&exception_data);
	fault_addr = d->fault_addr;

	/* error in load or store? */
	if (ret == PA_MEMCPY_LOAD_ERROR)
		reference = (unsigned long) srcp;
	else
		reference = (unsigned long) dstp;

	DPRINTF("pa_memcpy: fault type = %lu, len=%lu fault_addr=%lu ref=%lu\n",
		ret, len, fault_addr, reference);

	if (fault_addr >= reference)
		return len - (fault_addr - reference);
	else
		return len;
}


Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
helge dellerhelge deller9776.38%133.33%


matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox2822.05%133.33%


christoph lameterchristoph lameter21.57%133.33%


Total127100.00%3100.00%



#ifdef __KERNEL__



unsigned long __copy_to_user(void __user *dst, const void *src,
			     unsigned long len)
{
	mtsp(get_kernel_space(), 1);
	mtsp(get_user_space(), 2);
	return pa_memcpy((void __force *)dst, src, len);
}

Contributors
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matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox5098.04%150.00%


helge dellerhelge deller11.96%150.00%


Total51100.00%2100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_to_user);




unsigned long __copy_from_user(void *dst, const void __user *src,
			       unsigned long len)
{
	mtsp(get_user_space(), 1);
	mtsp(get_kernel_space(), 2);
	return pa_memcpy(dst, (void __force *)src, len);
}

Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox5098.04%150.00%


helge dellerhelge deller11.96%150.00%


Total51100.00%2100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_from_user);




unsigned long copy_in_user(void __user *dst, const void __user *src, unsigned long len)
{
	mtsp(get_user_space(), 1);
	mtsp(get_user_space(), 2);
	return pa_memcpy((void __force *)dst, (void __force *)src, len);
}



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matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox57100.00%1100.00%


Total57100.00%1100.00%






void * memcpy(void * dst,const void *src, size_t count)
{
	mtsp(get_kernel_space(), 1);
	mtsp(get_kernel_space(), 2);
	pa_memcpy(dst, src, count);
	return dst;
}


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matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox46100.00%1100.00%


Total46100.00%1100.00%




EXPORT_SYMBOL(copy_in_user);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(memcpy);




long probe_kernel_read(void *dst, const void *src, size_t size)
{
	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)src;

	if (addr < PAGE_SIZE)
		return -EFAULT;

	/* check for I/O space F_EXTEND(0xfff00000) access as well? */

	return __probe_kernel_read(dst, src, size);
}


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helge dellerhelge deller48100.00%1100.00%


Total48100.00%1100.00%



#endif

Overall Contributors
PersonTokensPropCommitsCommitProp
matthew wilcoxmatthew wilcox209090.59%213.33%


helge dellerhelge deller2008.67%746.67%


randolph chungrandolph chung110.48%213.33%


adrian bunkadrian bunk30.13%213.33%


christoph lameterchristoph lameter20.09%16.67%


harvey harrisonharvey harrison10.04%16.67%


Total2307100.00%15100.00%

  
Directory: arch/parisc/lib