Contributors: 17
| Author |
Tokens |
Token Proportion |
Commits |
Commit Proportion |
| Kees Cook |
694 |
70.60% |
8 |
25.00% |
| Matthew Wilcox |
159 |
16.17% |
7 |
21.88% |
| Chris von Recklinghausen |
77 |
7.83% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Randy Dunlap |
13 |
1.32% |
2 |
6.25% |
| Ingo Molnar |
6 |
0.61% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Jason Baron |
5 |
0.51% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Jason A. Donenfeld |
4 |
0.41% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Isaac J. Manjarres |
4 |
0.41% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Alexei Starovoitov |
4 |
0.41% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Christophe Jaillet |
4 |
0.41% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Linus Torvalds (pre-git) |
3 |
0.31% |
2 |
6.25% |
| Christoph Lameter |
3 |
0.31% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Laura Abbott |
2 |
0.20% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Thomas Gleixner |
2 |
0.20% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Keun-o Park |
1 |
0.10% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Josh Poimboeuf |
1 |
0.10% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Qian Cai |
1 |
0.10% |
1 |
3.12% |
| Total |
983 |
|
32 |
|
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* This implements the various checks for CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY*,
* which are designed to protect kernel memory from needless exposure
* and overwrite under many unintended conditions. This code is based
* on PAX_USERCOPY, which is:
*
* Copyright (C) 2001-2016 PaX Team, Bradley Spengler, Open Source
* Security Inc.
*/
#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/kstrtox.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/thread_info.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/jump_label.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include "slab.h"
/*
* Checks if a given pointer and length is contained by the current
* stack frame (if possible).
*
* Returns:
* NOT_STACK: not at all on the stack
* GOOD_FRAME: fully within a valid stack frame
* GOOD_STACK: within the current stack (when can't frame-check exactly)
* BAD_STACK: error condition (invalid stack position or bad stack frame)
*/
static noinline int check_stack_object(const void *obj, unsigned long len)
{
const void * const stack = task_stack_page(current);
const void * const stackend = stack + THREAD_SIZE;
int ret;
/* Object is not on the stack at all. */
if (obj + len <= stack || stackend <= obj)
return NOT_STACK;
/*
* Reject: object partially overlaps the stack (passing the
* check above means at least one end is within the stack,
* so if this check fails, the other end is outside the stack).
*/
if (obj < stack || stackend < obj + len)
return BAD_STACK;
/* Check if object is safely within a valid frame. */
ret = arch_within_stack_frames(stack, stackend, obj, len);
if (ret)
return ret;
/* Finally, check stack depth if possible. */
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CURRENT_STACK_POINTER
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP)) {
if ((void *)current_stack_pointer < obj + len)
return BAD_STACK;
} else {
if (obj < (void *)current_stack_pointer)
return BAD_STACK;
}
#endif
return GOOD_STACK;
}
/*
* If these functions are reached, then CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY has found
* an unexpected state during a copy_from_user() or copy_to_user() call.
* There are several checks being performed on the buffer by the
* __check_object_size() function. Normal stack buffer usage should never
* trip the checks, and kernel text addressing will always trip the check.
* For cache objects, it is checking that only the whitelisted range of
* bytes for a given cache is being accessed (via the cache's usersize and
* useroffset fields). To adjust a cache whitelist, use the usercopy-aware
* kmem_cache_create_usercopy() function to create the cache (and
* carefully audit the whitelist range).
*/
void __noreturn usercopy_abort(const char *name, const char *detail,
bool to_user, unsigned long offset,
unsigned long len)
{
pr_emerg("Kernel memory %s attempt detected %s %s%s%s%s (offset %lu, size %lu)!\n",
to_user ? "exposure" : "overwrite",
to_user ? "from" : "to",
name ? : "unknown?!",
detail ? " '" : "", detail ? : "", detail ? "'" : "",
offset, len);
/*
* For greater effect, it would be nice to do do_group_exit(),
* but BUG() actually hooks all the lock-breaking and per-arch
* Oops code, so that is used here instead.
*/
BUG();
}
/* Returns true if any portion of [ptr,ptr+n) over laps with [low,high). */
static bool overlaps(const unsigned long ptr, unsigned long n,
unsigned long low, unsigned long high)
{
const unsigned long check_low = ptr;
unsigned long check_high = check_low + n;
/* Does not overlap if entirely above or entirely below. */
if (check_low >= high || check_high <= low)
return false;
return true;
}
/* Is this address range in the kernel text area? */
static inline void check_kernel_text_object(const unsigned long ptr,
unsigned long n, bool to_user)
{
unsigned long textlow = (unsigned long)_stext;
unsigned long texthigh = (unsigned long)_etext;
unsigned long textlow_linear, texthigh_linear;
if (overlaps(ptr, n, textlow, texthigh))
usercopy_abort("kernel text", NULL, to_user, ptr - textlow, n);
/*
* Some architectures have virtual memory mappings with a secondary
* mapping of the kernel text, i.e. there is more than one virtual
* kernel address that points to the kernel image. It is usually
* when there is a separate linear physical memory mapping, in that
* __pa() is not just the reverse of __va(). This can be detected
* and checked:
*/
textlow_linear = (unsigned long)lm_alias(textlow);
/* No different mapping: we're done. */
if (textlow_linear == textlow)
return;
/* Check the secondary mapping... */
texthigh_linear = (unsigned long)lm_alias(texthigh);
if (overlaps(ptr, n, textlow_linear, texthigh_linear))
usercopy_abort("linear kernel text", NULL, to_user,
ptr - textlow_linear, n);
}
static inline void check_bogus_address(const unsigned long ptr, unsigned long n,
bool to_user)
{
/* Reject if object wraps past end of memory. */
if (ptr + (n - 1) < ptr)
usercopy_abort("wrapped address", NULL, to_user, 0, ptr + n);
/* Reject if NULL or ZERO-allocation. */
if (ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(ptr))
usercopy_abort("null address", NULL, to_user, ptr, n);
}
static inline void check_heap_object(const void *ptr, unsigned long n,
bool to_user)
{
unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)ptr;
unsigned long offset;
struct folio *folio;
if (is_kmap_addr(ptr)) {
offset = offset_in_page(ptr);
if (n > PAGE_SIZE - offset)
usercopy_abort("kmap", NULL, to_user, offset, n);
return;
}
if (is_vmalloc_addr(ptr) && !pagefault_disabled()) {
struct vmap_area *area = find_vmap_area(addr);
if (!area)
usercopy_abort("vmalloc", "no area", to_user, 0, n);
if (n > area->va_end - addr) {
offset = addr - area->va_start;
usercopy_abort("vmalloc", NULL, to_user, offset, n);
}
return;
}
if (!virt_addr_valid(ptr))
return;
folio = virt_to_folio(ptr);
if (folio_test_slab(folio)) {
/* Check slab allocator for flags and size. */
__check_heap_object(ptr, n, folio_slab(folio), to_user);
} else if (folio_test_large(folio)) {
offset = ptr - folio_address(folio);
if (n > folio_size(folio) - offset)
usercopy_abort("page alloc", NULL, to_user, offset, n);
}
}
static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE_RO(bypass_usercopy_checks);
/*
* Validates that the given object is:
* - not bogus address
* - fully contained by stack (or stack frame, when available)
* - fully within SLAB object (or object whitelist area, when available)
* - not in kernel text
*/
void __check_object_size(const void *ptr, unsigned long n, bool to_user)
{
if (static_branch_unlikely(&bypass_usercopy_checks))
return;
/* Skip all tests if size is zero. */
if (!n)
return;
/* Check for invalid addresses. */
check_bogus_address((const unsigned long)ptr, n, to_user);
/* Check for bad stack object. */
switch (check_stack_object(ptr, n)) {
case NOT_STACK:
/* Object is not touching the current process stack. */
break;
case GOOD_FRAME:
case GOOD_STACK:
/*
* Object is either in the correct frame (when it
* is possible to check) or just generally on the
* process stack (when frame checking not available).
*/
return;
default:
usercopy_abort("process stack", NULL, to_user,
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_CURRENT_STACK_POINTER
IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP) ?
ptr - (void *)current_stack_pointer :
(void *)current_stack_pointer - ptr,
#else
0,
#endif
n);
}
/* Check for bad heap object. */
check_heap_object(ptr, n, to_user);
/* Check for object in kernel to avoid text exposure. */
check_kernel_text_object((const unsigned long)ptr, n, to_user);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__check_object_size);
static bool enable_checks __initdata = true;
static int __init parse_hardened_usercopy(char *str)
{
if (kstrtobool(str, &enable_checks))
pr_warn("Invalid option string for hardened_usercopy: '%s'\n",
str);
return 1;
}
__setup("hardened_usercopy=", parse_hardened_usercopy);
static int __init set_hardened_usercopy(void)
{
if (enable_checks == false)
static_branch_enable(&bypass_usercopy_checks);
return 1;
}
late_initcall(set_hardened_usercopy);