Contributors: 24
Author Tokens Token Proportion Commits Commit Proportion
Gennady Sharapov 1035 38.49% 2 2.53%
Jeff Dike 600 22.31% 33 41.77%
Benjamin Berg 571 21.23% 8 10.13%
Johannes Berg 255 9.48% 5 6.33%
Richard Weinberger 43 1.60% 5 6.33%
Jason A. Donenfeld 41 1.52% 1 1.27%
Ingo van Lil 29 1.08% 1 1.27%
Thomas Meyer 23 0.86% 3 3.80%
Martin Pärtel 19 0.71% 1 1.27%
Al Viro 11 0.41% 2 2.53%
Bodo Stroesser 10 0.37% 1 1.27%
Anton Ivanov 9 0.33% 2 2.53%
Tiwei Bie 8 0.30% 2 2.53%
Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso 6 0.22% 3 3.80%
Mordechai Goodstein 6 0.22% 1 1.27%
Stanislaw W. Gruszka 6 0.22% 1 1.27%
Lepton Wu 3 0.11% 1 1.27%
Liu Aleaxander 3 0.11% 1 1.27%
Tristan Schmelcher 3 0.11% 1 1.27%
Nicolas Iooss 2 0.07% 1 1.27%
Jim Meyering 2 0.07% 1 1.27%
Alex Dewar 2 0.07% 1 1.27%
Guenter Roeck 1 0.04% 1 1.27%
Américo Wang 1 0.04% 1 1.27%
Total 2689 79 
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Thomas Meyer (thomas@m3y3r.de)
 * Copyright (C) 2002- 2007 Jeff Dike (jdike@{addtoit,linux.intel}.com)
 */

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <mem_user.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <as-layout.h>
#include <init.h>
#include <kern_util.h>
#include <mem.h>
#include <os.h>
#include <ptrace_user.h>
#include <registers.h>
#include <skas.h>
#include <sysdep/stub.h>
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <timetravel.h>
#include "../internal.h"

int is_skas_winch(int pid, int fd, void *data)
{
	return pid == getpgrp();
}

static const char *ptrace_reg_name(int idx)
{
#define R(n) case HOST_##n: return #n

	switch (idx) {
#ifdef __x86_64__
	R(BX);
	R(CX);
	R(DI);
	R(SI);
	R(DX);
	R(BP);
	R(AX);
	R(R8);
	R(R9);
	R(R10);
	R(R11);
	R(R12);
	R(R13);
	R(R14);
	R(R15);
	R(ORIG_AX);
	R(CS);
	R(SS);
	R(EFLAGS);
#elif defined(__i386__)
	R(IP);
	R(SP);
	R(EFLAGS);
	R(AX);
	R(BX);
	R(CX);
	R(DX);
	R(SI);
	R(DI);
	R(BP);
	R(CS);
	R(SS);
	R(DS);
	R(FS);
	R(ES);
	R(GS);
	R(ORIG_AX);
#endif
	}
	return "";
}

static int ptrace_dump_regs(int pid)
{
	unsigned long regs[MAX_REG_NR];
	int i;

	if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, 0, regs) < 0)
		return -errno;

	printk(UM_KERN_ERR "Stub registers -\n");
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(regs); i++) {
		const char *regname = ptrace_reg_name(i);

		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "\t%s\t(%2d): %lx\n", regname, i, regs[i]);
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Signals that are OK to receive in the stub - we'll just continue it.
 * SIGWINCH will happen when UML is inside a detached screen.
 */
#define STUB_SIG_MASK ((1 << SIGALRM) | (1 << SIGWINCH))

/* Signals that the stub will finish with - anything else is an error */
#define STUB_DONE_MASK (1 << SIGTRAP)

void wait_stub_done(int pid)
{
	int n, status, err;

	while (1) {
		CATCH_EINTR(n = waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED | __WALL));
		if ((n < 0) || !WIFSTOPPED(status))
			goto bad_wait;

		if (((1 << WSTOPSIG(status)) & STUB_SIG_MASK) == 0)
			break;

		err = ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0, 0);
		if (err) {
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : continue failed, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, errno);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}
	}

	if (((1 << WSTOPSIG(status)) & STUB_DONE_MASK) != 0)
		return;

bad_wait:
	err = ptrace_dump_regs(pid);
	if (err)
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "Failed to get registers from stub, errno = %d\n",
		       -err);
	printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : failed to wait for SIGTRAP, pid = %d, n = %d, errno = %d, status = 0x%x\n",
	       __func__, pid, n, errno, status);
	fatal_sigsegv();
}

extern unsigned long current_stub_stack(void);

static void get_skas_faultinfo(int pid, struct faultinfo *fi)
{
	int err;

	err = ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, 0, SIGSEGV);
	if (err) {
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "Failed to continue stub, pid = %d, "
		       "errno = %d\n", pid, errno);
		fatal_sigsegv();
	}
	wait_stub_done(pid);

	/*
	 * faultinfo is prepared by the stub_segv_handler at start of
	 * the stub stack page. We just have to copy it.
	 */
	memcpy(fi, (void *)current_stub_stack(), sizeof(*fi));
}

static void handle_segv(int pid, struct uml_pt_regs *regs)
{
	get_skas_faultinfo(pid, &regs->faultinfo);
	segv(regs->faultinfo, 0, 1, NULL);
}

static void handle_trap(int pid, struct uml_pt_regs *regs)
{
	if ((UPT_IP(regs) >= STUB_START) && (UPT_IP(regs) < STUB_END))
		fatal_sigsegv();

	handle_syscall(regs);
}

extern char __syscall_stub_start[];

static int stub_exe_fd;

static int userspace_tramp(void *stack)
{
	char *const argv[] = { "uml-userspace", NULL };
	int pipe_fds[2];
	unsigned long long offset;
	struct stub_init_data init_data = {
		.stub_start = STUB_START,
		.segv_handler = STUB_CODE +
				(unsigned long) stub_segv_handler -
				(unsigned long) __syscall_stub_start,
	};
	struct iomem_region *iomem;
	int ret;

	init_data.stub_code_fd = phys_mapping(uml_to_phys(__syscall_stub_start),
					      &offset);
	init_data.stub_code_offset = MMAP_OFFSET(offset);

	init_data.stub_data_fd = phys_mapping(uml_to_phys(stack), &offset);
	init_data.stub_data_offset = MMAP_OFFSET(offset);

	/* Set CLOEXEC on all FDs and then unset on all memory related FDs */
	close_range(0, ~0U, CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC);

	fcntl(init_data.stub_data_fd, F_SETFD, 0);
	for (iomem = iomem_regions; iomem; iomem = iomem->next)
		fcntl(iomem->fd, F_SETFD, 0);

	/* Create a pipe for init_data (no CLOEXEC) and dup2 to STDIN */
	if (pipe(pipe_fds))
		exit(2);

	if (dup2(pipe_fds[0], 0) < 0)
		exit(3);
	close(pipe_fds[0]);

	/* Write init_data and close write side */
	ret = write(pipe_fds[1], &init_data, sizeof(init_data));
	close(pipe_fds[1]);

	if (ret != sizeof(init_data))
		exit(4);

	execveat(stub_exe_fd, "", argv, NULL, AT_EMPTY_PATH);

	exit(5);
}

extern char stub_exe_start[];
extern char stub_exe_end[];

extern char *tempdir;

#define STUB_EXE_NAME_TEMPLATE "/uml-userspace-XXXXXX"

#ifndef MFD_EXEC
#define MFD_EXEC 0x0010U
#endif

static int __init init_stub_exe_fd(void)
{
	size_t written = 0;
	char *tmpfile = NULL;

	stub_exe_fd = memfd_create("uml-userspace",
				   MFD_EXEC | MFD_CLOEXEC | MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);

	if (stub_exe_fd < 0) {
		printk(UM_KERN_INFO "Could not create executable memfd, using temporary file!");

		tmpfile = malloc(strlen(tempdir) +
				  strlen(STUB_EXE_NAME_TEMPLATE) + 1);
		if (tmpfile == NULL)
			panic("Failed to allocate memory for stub binary name");

		strcpy(tmpfile, tempdir);
		strcat(tmpfile, STUB_EXE_NAME_TEMPLATE);

		stub_exe_fd = mkstemp(tmpfile);
		if (stub_exe_fd < 0)
			panic("Could not create temporary file for stub binary: %d",
			      -errno);
	}

	while (written < stub_exe_end - stub_exe_start) {
		ssize_t res = write(stub_exe_fd, stub_exe_start + written,
				    stub_exe_end - stub_exe_start - written);
		if (res < 0) {
			if (errno == EINTR)
				continue;

			if (tmpfile)
				unlink(tmpfile);
			panic("Failed write stub binary: %d", -errno);
		}

		written += res;
	}

	if (!tmpfile) {
		fcntl(stub_exe_fd, F_ADD_SEALS,
		      F_SEAL_WRITE | F_SEAL_SHRINK | F_SEAL_GROW | F_SEAL_SEAL);
	} else {
		if (fchmod(stub_exe_fd, 00500) < 0) {
			unlink(tmpfile);
			panic("Could not make stub binary executable: %d",
			      -errno);
		}

		close(stub_exe_fd);
		stub_exe_fd = open(tmpfile, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW);
		if (stub_exe_fd < 0) {
			unlink(tmpfile);
			panic("Could not reopen stub binary: %d", -errno);
		}

		unlink(tmpfile);
		free(tmpfile);
	}

	return 0;
}
__initcall(init_stub_exe_fd);

int userspace_pid[NR_CPUS];

/**
 * start_userspace() - prepare a new userspace process
 * @stub_stack:	pointer to the stub stack.
 *
 * Setups a new temporary stack page that is used while userspace_tramp() runs
 * Clones the kernel process into a new userspace process, with FDs only.
 *
 * Return: When positive: the process id of the new userspace process,
 *         when negative: an error number.
 * FIXME: can PIDs become negative?!
 */
int start_userspace(unsigned long stub_stack)
{
	void *stack;
	unsigned long sp;
	int pid, status, n, err;

	/* setup a temporary stack page */
	stack = mmap(NULL, UM_KERN_PAGE_SIZE,
		     PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
		     MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
	if (stack == MAP_FAILED) {
		err = -errno;
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : mmap failed, errno = %d\n",
		       __func__, errno);
		return err;
	}

	/* set stack pointer to the end of the stack page, so it can grow downwards */
	sp = (unsigned long)stack + UM_KERN_PAGE_SIZE;

	/* clone into new userspace process */
	pid = clone(userspace_tramp, (void *) sp,
		    CLONE_VFORK | CLONE_VM | SIGCHLD,
		    (void *)stub_stack);
	if (pid < 0) {
		err = -errno;
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : clone failed, errno = %d\n",
		       __func__, errno);
		return err;
	}

	do {
		CATCH_EINTR(n = waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED | __WALL));
		if (n < 0) {
			err = -errno;
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : wait failed, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, errno);
			goto out_kill;
		}
	} while (WIFSTOPPED(status) && (WSTOPSIG(status) == SIGALRM));

	if (!WIFSTOPPED(status) || (WSTOPSIG(status) != SIGSTOP)) {
		err = -EINVAL;
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : expected SIGSTOP, got status = %d\n",
		       __func__, status);
		goto out_kill;
	}

	if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS, pid, NULL,
		   (void *) PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD) < 0) {
		err = -errno;
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : PTRACE_SETOPTIONS failed, errno = %d\n",
		       __func__, errno);
		goto out_kill;
	}

	if (munmap(stack, UM_KERN_PAGE_SIZE) < 0) {
		err = -errno;
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s : munmap failed, errno = %d\n",
		       __func__, errno);
		goto out_kill;
	}

	return pid;

 out_kill:
	os_kill_ptraced_process(pid, 1);
	return err;
}

int unscheduled_userspace_iterations;
extern unsigned long tt_extra_sched_jiffies;

void userspace(struct uml_pt_regs *regs)
{
	int err, status, op, pid = userspace_pid[0];
	siginfo_t si;

	/* Handle any immediate reschedules or signals */
	interrupt_end();

	while (1) {
		/*
		 * When we are in time-travel mode, userspace can theoretically
		 * do a *lot* of work without being scheduled. The problem with
		 * this is that it will prevent kernel bookkeeping (primarily
		 * the RCU) from running and this can for example cause OOM
		 * situations.
		 *
		 * This code accounts a jiffie against the scheduling clock
		 * after the defined userspace iterations in the same thread.
		 * By doing so the situation is effectively prevented.
		 */
		if (time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_INFCPU ||
		    time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_EXTERNAL) {
#ifdef CONFIG_UML_MAX_USERSPACE_ITERATIONS
			if (CONFIG_UML_MAX_USERSPACE_ITERATIONS &&
			    unscheduled_userspace_iterations++ >
			    CONFIG_UML_MAX_USERSPACE_ITERATIONS) {
				tt_extra_sched_jiffies += 1;
				unscheduled_userspace_iterations = 0;
			}
#endif
		}

		time_travel_print_bc_msg();

		current_mm_sync();

		/* Flush out any pending syscalls */
		err = syscall_stub_flush(current_mm_id());
		if (err) {
			if (err == -ENOMEM)
				report_enomem();

			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s - Error flushing stub syscalls: %d",
				__func__, -err);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}

		/*
		 * This can legitimately fail if the process loads a
		 * bogus value into a segment register.  It will
		 * segfault and PTRACE_GETREGS will read that value
		 * out of the process.  However, PTRACE_SETREGS will
		 * fail.  In this case, there is nothing to do but
		 * just kill the process.
		 */
		if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, 0, regs->gp)) {
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s - ptrace set regs failed, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, errno);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}

		if (put_fp_registers(pid, regs->fp)) {
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s - ptrace set fp regs failed, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, errno);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}

		if (singlestepping())
			op = PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP;
		else
			op = PTRACE_SYSEMU;

		if (ptrace(op, pid, 0, 0)) {
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s - ptrace continue failed, op = %d, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, op, errno);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}

		CATCH_EINTR(err = waitpid(pid, &status, WUNTRACED | __WALL));
		if (err < 0) {
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s - wait failed, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, errno);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}

		regs->is_user = 1;
		if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, 0, regs->gp)) {
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s - PTRACE_GETREGS failed, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, errno);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}

		if (get_fp_registers(pid, regs->fp)) {
			printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s -  get_fp_registers failed, errno = %d\n",
			       __func__, errno);
			fatal_sigsegv();
		}

		UPT_SYSCALL_NR(regs) = -1; /* Assume: It's not a syscall */

		if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
			int sig = WSTOPSIG(status);

			/* These signal handlers need the si argument.
			 * The SIGIO and SIGALARM handlers which constitute the
			 * majority of invocations, do not use it.
			 */
			switch (sig) {
			case SIGSEGV:
			case SIGTRAP:
			case SIGILL:
			case SIGBUS:
			case SIGFPE:
			case SIGWINCH:
				ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, (struct siginfo *)&si);
				break;
			}

			switch (sig) {
			case SIGSEGV:
				if (PTRACE_FULL_FAULTINFO) {
					get_skas_faultinfo(pid,
							   &regs->faultinfo);
					(*sig_info[SIGSEGV])(SIGSEGV, (struct siginfo *)&si,
							     regs);
				}
				else handle_segv(pid, regs);
				break;
			case SIGTRAP + 0x80:
				handle_trap(pid, regs);
				break;
			case SIGTRAP:
				relay_signal(SIGTRAP, (struct siginfo *)&si, regs);
				break;
			case SIGALRM:
				break;
			case SIGIO:
			case SIGILL:
			case SIGBUS:
			case SIGFPE:
			case SIGWINCH:
				block_signals_trace();
				(*sig_info[sig])(sig, (struct siginfo *)&si, regs);
				unblock_signals_trace();
				break;
			default:
				printk(UM_KERN_ERR "%s - child stopped with signal %d\n",
				       __func__, sig);
				fatal_sigsegv();
			}
			pid = userspace_pid[0];
			interrupt_end();

			/* Avoid -ERESTARTSYS handling in host */
			if (PT_SYSCALL_NR_OFFSET != PT_SYSCALL_RET_OFFSET)
				PT_SYSCALL_NR(regs->gp) = -1;
		}
	}
}

void new_thread(void *stack, jmp_buf *buf, void (*handler)(void))
{
	(*buf)[0].JB_IP = (unsigned long) handler;
	(*buf)[0].JB_SP = (unsigned long) stack + UM_THREAD_SIZE -
		sizeof(void *);
}

#define INIT_JMP_NEW_THREAD 0
#define INIT_JMP_CALLBACK 1
#define INIT_JMP_HALT 2
#define INIT_JMP_REBOOT 3

void switch_threads(jmp_buf *me, jmp_buf *you)
{
	unscheduled_userspace_iterations = 0;

	if (UML_SETJMP(me) == 0)
		UML_LONGJMP(you, 1);
}

static jmp_buf initial_jmpbuf;

/* XXX Make these percpu */
static void (*cb_proc)(void *arg);
static void *cb_arg;
static jmp_buf *cb_back;

int start_idle_thread(void *stack, jmp_buf *switch_buf)
{
	int n;

	set_handler(SIGWINCH);

	/*
	 * Can't use UML_SETJMP or UML_LONGJMP here because they save
	 * and restore signals, with the possible side-effect of
	 * trying to handle any signals which came when they were
	 * blocked, which can't be done on this stack.
	 * Signals must be blocked when jumping back here and restored
	 * after returning to the jumper.
	 */
	n = setjmp(initial_jmpbuf);
	switch (n) {
	case INIT_JMP_NEW_THREAD:
		(*switch_buf)[0].JB_IP = (unsigned long) uml_finishsetup;
		(*switch_buf)[0].JB_SP = (unsigned long) stack +
			UM_THREAD_SIZE - sizeof(void *);
		break;
	case INIT_JMP_CALLBACK:
		(*cb_proc)(cb_arg);
		longjmp(*cb_back, 1);
		break;
	case INIT_JMP_HALT:
		kmalloc_ok = 0;
		return 0;
	case INIT_JMP_REBOOT:
		kmalloc_ok = 0;
		return 1;
	default:
		printk(UM_KERN_ERR "Bad sigsetjmp return in %s - %d\n",
		       __func__, n);
		fatal_sigsegv();
	}
	longjmp(*switch_buf, 1);

	/* unreachable */
	printk(UM_KERN_ERR "impossible long jump!");
	fatal_sigsegv();
	return 0;
}

void initial_thread_cb_skas(void (*proc)(void *), void *arg)
{
	jmp_buf here;

	cb_proc = proc;
	cb_arg = arg;
	cb_back = &here;

	block_signals_trace();
	if (UML_SETJMP(&here) == 0)
		UML_LONGJMP(&initial_jmpbuf, INIT_JMP_CALLBACK);
	unblock_signals_trace();

	cb_proc = NULL;
	cb_arg = NULL;
	cb_back = NULL;
}

void halt_skas(void)
{
	block_signals_trace();
	UML_LONGJMP(&initial_jmpbuf, INIT_JMP_HALT);
}

static bool noreboot;

static int __init noreboot_cmd_param(char *str, int *add)
{
	*add = 0;
	noreboot = true;
	return 0;
}

__uml_setup("noreboot", noreboot_cmd_param,
"noreboot\n"
"    Rather than rebooting, exit always, akin to QEMU's -no-reboot option.\n"
"    This is useful if you're using CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT in order to catch\n"
"    crashes in CI\n");

void reboot_skas(void)
{
	block_signals_trace();
	UML_LONGJMP(&initial_jmpbuf, noreboot ? INIT_JMP_HALT : INIT_JMP_REBOOT);
}

void __switch_mm(struct mm_id *mm_idp)
{
	userspace_pid[0] = mm_idp->pid;
}