Contributors: 20
Author Tokens Token Proportion Commits Commit Proportion
Ingo Molnar 106 31.64% 1 2.56%
Namhyung Kim 63 18.81% 1 2.56%
Mel Gorman 28 8.36% 6 15.38%
Linus Torvalds 22 6.57% 4 10.26%
Linus Torvalds (pre-git) 16 4.78% 5 12.82%
Peter Collingbourne 15 4.48% 3 7.69%
Alexey Dobriyan 14 4.18% 1 2.56%
Michal Hocko 12 3.58% 1 2.56%
Vladimir Davydov 11 3.28% 1 2.56%
Andrey Konovalov 10 2.99% 2 5.13%
Matthew Wilcox 8 2.39% 1 2.56%
Andi Kleen 7 2.09% 1 2.56%
Andrew Morton 6 1.79% 4 10.26%
Shakeel Butt 5 1.49% 1 2.56%
Neil Brown 4 1.19% 2 5.13%
Rusty Russell 3 0.90% 1 2.56%
Christoph Lameter 2 0.60% 1 2.56%
Vlastimil Babka 1 0.30% 1 2.56%
Greg Kroah-Hartman 1 0.30% 1 2.56%
Jianyu Zhan 1 0.30% 1 2.56%
Total 335 39 


/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef __LINUX_GFP_TYPES_H
#define __LINUX_GFP_TYPES_H

/* The typedef is in types.h but we want the documentation here */
#if 0
/**
 * typedef gfp_t - Memory allocation flags.
 *
 * GFP flags are commonly used throughout Linux to indicate how memory
 * should be allocated.  The GFP acronym stands for get_free_pages(),
 * the underlying memory allocation function.  Not every GFP flag is
 * supported by every function which may allocate memory.  Most users
 * will want to use a plain ``GFP_KERNEL``.
 */
typedef unsigned int __bitwise gfp_t;
#endif

/*
 * In case of changes, please don't forget to update
 * include/trace/events/mmflags.h and tools/perf/builtin-kmem.c
 */

/* Plain integer GFP bitmasks. Do not use this directly. */
#define ___GFP_DMA		0x01u
#define ___GFP_HIGHMEM		0x02u
#define ___GFP_DMA32		0x04u
#define ___GFP_MOVABLE		0x08u
#define ___GFP_RECLAIMABLE	0x10u
#define ___GFP_HIGH		0x20u
#define ___GFP_IO		0x40u
#define ___GFP_FS		0x80u
#define ___GFP_ZERO		0x100u
/* 0x200u unused */
#define ___GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM	0x400u
#define ___GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM	0x800u
#define ___GFP_WRITE		0x1000u
#define ___GFP_NOWARN		0x2000u
#define ___GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL	0x4000u
#define ___GFP_NOFAIL		0x8000u
#define ___GFP_NORETRY		0x10000u
#define ___GFP_MEMALLOC		0x20000u
#define ___GFP_COMP		0x40000u
#define ___GFP_NOMEMALLOC	0x80000u
#define ___GFP_HARDWALL		0x100000u
#define ___GFP_THISNODE		0x200000u
#define ___GFP_ACCOUNT		0x400000u
#define ___GFP_ZEROTAGS		0x800000u
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS
#define ___GFP_SKIP_ZERO	0x1000000u
#define ___GFP_SKIP_KASAN	0x2000000u
#else
#define ___GFP_SKIP_ZERO	0
#define ___GFP_SKIP_KASAN	0
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
#define ___GFP_NOLOCKDEP	0x4000000u
#else
#define ___GFP_NOLOCKDEP	0
#endif
/* If the above are modified, __GFP_BITS_SHIFT may need updating */

/*
 * Physical address zone modifiers (see linux/mmzone.h - low four bits)
 *
 * Do not put any conditional on these. If necessary modify the definitions
 * without the underscores and use them consistently. The definitions here may
 * be used in bit comparisons.
 */
#define __GFP_DMA	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_DMA)
#define __GFP_HIGHMEM	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_HIGHMEM)
#define __GFP_DMA32	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_DMA32)
#define __GFP_MOVABLE	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_MOVABLE)  /* ZONE_MOVABLE allowed */
#define GFP_ZONEMASK	(__GFP_DMA|__GFP_HIGHMEM|__GFP_DMA32|__GFP_MOVABLE)

/**
 * DOC: Page mobility and placement hints
 *
 * Page mobility and placement hints
 * ---------------------------------
 *
 * These flags provide hints about how mobile the page is. Pages with similar
 * mobility are placed within the same pageblocks to minimise problems due
 * to external fragmentation.
 *
 * %__GFP_MOVABLE (also a zone modifier) indicates that the page can be
 * moved by page migration during memory compaction or can be reclaimed.
 *
 * %__GFP_RECLAIMABLE is used for slab allocations that specify
 * SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT and whose pages can be freed via shrinkers.
 *
 * %__GFP_WRITE indicates the caller intends to dirty the page. Where possible,
 * these pages will be spread between local zones to avoid all the dirty
 * pages being in one zone (fair zone allocation policy).
 *
 * %__GFP_HARDWALL enforces the cpuset memory allocation policy.
 *
 * %__GFP_THISNODE forces the allocation to be satisfied from the requested
 * node with no fallbacks or placement policy enforcements.
 *
 * %__GFP_ACCOUNT causes the allocation to be accounted to kmemcg.
 */
#define __GFP_RECLAIMABLE ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_RECLAIMABLE)
#define __GFP_WRITE	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_WRITE)
#define __GFP_HARDWALL   ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_HARDWALL)
#define __GFP_THISNODE	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_THISNODE)
#define __GFP_ACCOUNT	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_ACCOUNT)

/**
 * DOC: Watermark modifiers
 *
 * Watermark modifiers -- controls access to emergency reserves
 * ------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * %__GFP_HIGH indicates that the caller is high-priority and that granting
 * the request is necessary before the system can make forward progress.
 * For example creating an IO context to clean pages and requests
 * from atomic context.
 *
 * %__GFP_MEMALLOC allows access to all memory. This should only be used when
 * the caller guarantees the allocation will allow more memory to be freed
 * very shortly e.g. process exiting or swapping. Users either should
 * be the MM or co-ordinating closely with the VM (e.g. swap over NFS).
 * Users of this flag have to be extremely careful to not deplete the reserve
 * completely and implement a throttling mechanism which controls the
 * consumption of the reserve based on the amount of freed memory.
 * Usage of a pre-allocated pool (e.g. mempool) should be always considered
 * before using this flag.
 *
 * %__GFP_NOMEMALLOC is used to explicitly forbid access to emergency reserves.
 * This takes precedence over the %__GFP_MEMALLOC flag if both are set.
 */
#define __GFP_HIGH	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_HIGH)
#define __GFP_MEMALLOC	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_MEMALLOC)
#define __GFP_NOMEMALLOC ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOMEMALLOC)

/**
 * DOC: Reclaim modifiers
 *
 * Reclaim modifiers
 * -----------------
 * Please note that all the following flags are only applicable to sleepable
 * allocations (e.g. %GFP_NOWAIT and %GFP_ATOMIC will ignore them).
 *
 * %__GFP_IO can start physical IO.
 *
 * %__GFP_FS can call down to the low-level FS. Clearing the flag avoids the
 * allocator recursing into the filesystem which might already be holding
 * locks.
 *
 * %__GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM indicates that the caller may enter direct reclaim.
 * This flag can be cleared to avoid unnecessary delays when a fallback
 * option is available.
 *
 * %__GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM indicates that the caller wants to wake kswapd when
 * the low watermark is reached and have it reclaim pages until the high
 * watermark is reached. A caller may wish to clear this flag when fallback
 * options are available and the reclaim is likely to disrupt the system. The
 * canonical example is THP allocation where a fallback is cheap but
 * reclaim/compaction may cause indirect stalls.
 *
 * %__GFP_RECLAIM is shorthand to allow/forbid both direct and kswapd reclaim.
 *
 * The default allocator behavior depends on the request size. We have a concept
 * of so called costly allocations (with order > %PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER).
 * !costly allocations are too essential to fail so they are implicitly
 * non-failing by default (with some exceptions like OOM victims might fail so
 * the caller still has to check for failures) while costly requests try to be
 * not disruptive and back off even without invoking the OOM killer.
 * The following three modifiers might be used to override some of these
 * implicit rules
 *
 * %__GFP_NORETRY: The VM implementation will try only very lightweight
 * memory direct reclaim to get some memory under memory pressure (thus
 * it can sleep). It will avoid disruptive actions like OOM killer. The
 * caller must handle the failure which is quite likely to happen under
 * heavy memory pressure. The flag is suitable when failure can easily be
 * handled at small cost, such as reduced throughput
 *
 * %__GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL: The VM implementation will retry memory reclaim
 * procedures that have previously failed if there is some indication
 * that progress has been made else where.  It can wait for other
 * tasks to attempt high level approaches to freeing memory such as
 * compaction (which removes fragmentation) and page-out.
 * There is still a definite limit to the number of retries, but it is
 * a larger limit than with %__GFP_NORETRY.
 * Allocations with this flag may fail, but only when there is
 * genuinely little unused memory. While these allocations do not
 * directly trigger the OOM killer, their failure indicates that
 * the system is likely to need to use the OOM killer soon.  The
 * caller must handle failure, but can reasonably do so by failing
 * a higher-level request, or completing it only in a much less
 * efficient manner.
 * If the allocation does fail, and the caller is in a position to
 * free some non-essential memory, doing so could benefit the system
 * as a whole.
 *
 * %__GFP_NOFAIL: The VM implementation _must_ retry infinitely: the caller
 * cannot handle allocation failures. The allocation could block
 * indefinitely but will never return with failure. Testing for
 * failure is pointless.
 * New users should be evaluated carefully (and the flag should be
 * used only when there is no reasonable failure policy) but it is
 * definitely preferable to use the flag rather than opencode endless
 * loop around allocator.
 * Using this flag for costly allocations is _highly_ discouraged.
 */
#define __GFP_IO	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_IO)
#define __GFP_FS	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_FS)
#define __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM) /* Caller can reclaim */
#define __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM) /* kswapd can wake */
#define __GFP_RECLAIM ((__force gfp_t)(___GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM|___GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM))
#define __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL)
#define __GFP_NOFAIL	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOFAIL)
#define __GFP_NORETRY	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NORETRY)

/**
 * DOC: Action modifiers
 *
 * Action modifiers
 * ----------------
 *
 * %__GFP_NOWARN suppresses allocation failure reports.
 *
 * %__GFP_COMP address compound page metadata.
 *
 * %__GFP_ZERO returns a zeroed page on success.
 *
 * %__GFP_ZEROTAGS zeroes memory tags at allocation time if the memory itself
 * is being zeroed (either via __GFP_ZERO or via init_on_alloc, provided that
 * __GFP_SKIP_ZERO is not set). This flag is intended for optimization: setting
 * memory tags at the same time as zeroing memory has minimal additional
 * performace impact.
 *
 * %__GFP_SKIP_KASAN makes KASAN skip unpoisoning on page allocation.
 * Used for userspace and vmalloc pages; the latter are unpoisoned by
 * kasan_unpoison_vmalloc instead. For userspace pages, results in
 * poisoning being skipped as well, see should_skip_kasan_poison for
 * details. Only effective in HW_TAGS mode.
 */
#define __GFP_NOWARN	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOWARN)
#define __GFP_COMP	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_COMP)
#define __GFP_ZERO	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_ZERO)
#define __GFP_ZEROTAGS	((__force gfp_t)___GFP_ZEROTAGS)
#define __GFP_SKIP_ZERO ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_SKIP_ZERO)
#define __GFP_SKIP_KASAN ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_SKIP_KASAN)

/* Disable lockdep for GFP context tracking */
#define __GFP_NOLOCKDEP ((__force gfp_t)___GFP_NOLOCKDEP)

/* Room for N __GFP_FOO bits */
#define __GFP_BITS_SHIFT (26 + IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LOCKDEP))
#define __GFP_BITS_MASK ((__force gfp_t)((1 << __GFP_BITS_SHIFT) - 1))

/**
 * DOC: Useful GFP flag combinations
 *
 * Useful GFP flag combinations
 * ----------------------------
 *
 * Useful GFP flag combinations that are commonly used. It is recommended
 * that subsystems start with one of these combinations and then set/clear
 * %__GFP_FOO flags as necessary.
 *
 * %GFP_ATOMIC users can not sleep and need the allocation to succeed. A lower
 * watermark is applied to allow access to "atomic reserves".
 * The current implementation doesn't support NMI and few other strict
 * non-preemptive contexts (e.g. raw_spin_lock). The same applies to %GFP_NOWAIT.
 *
 * %GFP_KERNEL is typical for kernel-internal allocations. The caller requires
 * %ZONE_NORMAL or a lower zone for direct access but can direct reclaim.
 *
 * %GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT is the same as GFP_KERNEL, except the allocation is
 * accounted to kmemcg.
 *
 * %GFP_NOWAIT is for kernel allocations that should not stall for direct
 * reclaim, start physical IO or use any filesystem callback.
 *
 * %GFP_NOIO will use direct reclaim to discard clean pages or slab pages
 * that do not require the starting of any physical IO.
 * Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
 * memalloc_noio_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot
 * perform any IO with a short explanation why. All allocation requests
 * will inherit GFP_NOIO implicitly.
 *
 * %GFP_NOFS will use direct reclaim but will not use any filesystem interfaces.
 * Please try to avoid using this flag directly and instead use
 * memalloc_nofs_{save,restore} to mark the whole scope which cannot/shouldn't
 * recurse into the FS layer with a short explanation why. All allocation
 * requests will inherit GFP_NOFS implicitly.
 *
 * %GFP_USER is for userspace allocations that also need to be directly
 * accessibly by the kernel or hardware. It is typically used by hardware
 * for buffers that are mapped to userspace (e.g. graphics) that hardware
 * still must DMA to. cpuset limits are enforced for these allocations.
 *
 * %GFP_DMA exists for historical reasons and should be avoided where possible.
 * The flags indicates that the caller requires that the lowest zone be
 * used (%ZONE_DMA or 16M on x86-64). Ideally, this would be removed but
 * it would require careful auditing as some users really require it and
 * others use the flag to avoid lowmem reserves in %ZONE_DMA and treat the
 * lowest zone as a type of emergency reserve.
 *
 * %GFP_DMA32 is similar to %GFP_DMA except that the caller requires a 32-bit
 * address. Note that kmalloc(..., GFP_DMA32) does not return DMA32 memory
 * because the DMA32 kmalloc cache array is not implemented.
 * (Reason: there is no such user in kernel).
 *
 * %GFP_HIGHUSER is for userspace allocations that may be mapped to userspace,
 * do not need to be directly accessible by the kernel but that cannot
 * move once in use. An example may be a hardware allocation that maps
 * data directly into userspace but has no addressing limitations.
 *
 * %GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE is for userspace allocations that the kernel does not
 * need direct access to but can use kmap() when access is required. They
 * are expected to be movable via page reclaim or page migration. Typically,
 * pages on the LRU would also be allocated with %GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE.
 *
 * %GFP_TRANSHUGE and %GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT are used for THP allocations. They
 * are compound allocations that will generally fail quickly if memory is not
 * available and will not wake kswapd/kcompactd on failure. The _LIGHT
 * version does not attempt reclaim/compaction at all and is by default used
 * in page fault path, while the non-light is used by khugepaged.
 */
#define GFP_ATOMIC	(__GFP_HIGH|__GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM)
#define GFP_KERNEL	(__GFP_RECLAIM | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS)
#define GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT (GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ACCOUNT)
#define GFP_NOWAIT	(__GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM)
#define GFP_NOIO	(__GFP_RECLAIM)
#define GFP_NOFS	(__GFP_RECLAIM | __GFP_IO)
#define GFP_USER	(__GFP_RECLAIM | __GFP_IO | __GFP_FS | __GFP_HARDWALL)
#define GFP_DMA		__GFP_DMA
#define GFP_DMA32	__GFP_DMA32
#define GFP_HIGHUSER	(GFP_USER | __GFP_HIGHMEM)
#define GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE	(GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_MOVABLE | __GFP_SKIP_KASAN)
#define GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT	((GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE | __GFP_COMP | \
			 __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN) & ~__GFP_RECLAIM)
#define GFP_TRANSHUGE	(GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT | __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM)

#endif /* __LINUX_GFP_TYPES_H */