Contributors: 8
Author Tokens Token Proportion Commits Commit Proportion
Paolo Bonzini 2350 84.11% 6 22.22%
David Matlack 315 11.27% 7 25.93%
Vitaly Kuznetsov 59 2.11% 3 11.11%
Jim Mattson 29 1.04% 1 3.70%
Sean Christopherson 25 0.89% 6 22.22%
Eric Auger 9 0.32% 1 3.70%
Andrew Jones 5 0.18% 2 7.41%
Thomas Gleixner 2 0.07% 1 3.70%
Total 2794 27 


// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/vmx.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
 */

#include <asm/msr-index.h>

#include "test_util.h"
#include "kvm_util.h"
#include "processor.h"
#include "vmx.h"

#define PAGE_SHIFT_4K  12

#define KVM_EPT_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR 0x1c0000

bool enable_evmcs;

struct hv_enlightened_vmcs *current_evmcs;
struct hv_vp_assist_page *current_vp_assist;

struct eptPageTableEntry {
	uint64_t readable:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t executable:1;
	uint64_t memory_type:3;
	uint64_t ignore_pat:1;
	uint64_t page_size:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t dirty:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_10:2;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t suppress_ve:1;
};

struct eptPageTablePointer {
	uint64_t memory_type:3;
	uint64_t page_walk_length:3;
	uint64_t ad_enabled:1;
	uint64_t reserved_11_07:5;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t reserved_63_52:12;
};
int vcpu_enable_evmcs(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
	uint16_t evmcs_ver;

	vcpu_enable_cap(vcpu, KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS,
			(unsigned long)&evmcs_ver);

	/* KVM should return supported EVMCS version range */
	TEST_ASSERT(((evmcs_ver >> 8) >= (evmcs_ver & 0xff)) &&
		    (evmcs_ver & 0xff) > 0,
		    "Incorrect EVMCS version range: %x:%x\n",
		    evmcs_ver & 0xff, evmcs_ver >> 8);

	return evmcs_ver;
}

/* Allocate memory regions for nested VMX tests.
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - The VM to allocate guest-virtual addresses in.
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   p_vmx_gva - The guest virtual address for the struct vmx_pages.
 *
 * Return:
 *   Pointer to structure with the addresses of the VMX areas.
 */
struct vmx_pages *
vcpu_alloc_vmx(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t *p_vmx_gva)
{
	vm_vaddr_t vmx_gva = vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	struct vmx_pages *vmx = addr_gva2hva(vm, vmx_gva);

	/* Setup of a region of guest memory for the vmxon region. */
	vmx->vmxon = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->vmxon_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmxon);
	vmx->vmxon_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmxon);

	/* Setup of a region of guest memory for a vmcs. */
	vmx->vmcs = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->vmcs_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmcs);
	vmx->vmcs_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmcs);

	/* Setup of a region of guest memory for the MSR bitmap. */
	vmx->msr = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->msr_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->msr);
	vmx->msr_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->msr);
	memset(vmx->msr_hva, 0, getpagesize());

	/* Setup of a region of guest memory for the shadow VMCS. */
	vmx->shadow_vmcs = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->shadow_vmcs_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->shadow_vmcs);
	vmx->shadow_vmcs_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->shadow_vmcs);

	/* Setup of a region of guest memory for the VMREAD and VMWRITE bitmaps. */
	vmx->vmread = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->vmread_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmread);
	vmx->vmread_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmread);
	memset(vmx->vmread_hva, 0, getpagesize());

	vmx->vmwrite = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->vmwrite_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmwrite);
	vmx->vmwrite_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->vmwrite);
	memset(vmx->vmwrite_hva, 0, getpagesize());

	*p_vmx_gva = vmx_gva;
	return vmx;
}

bool prepare_for_vmx_operation(struct vmx_pages *vmx)
{
	uint64_t feature_control;
	uint64_t required;
	unsigned long cr0;
	unsigned long cr4;

	/*
	 * Ensure bits in CR0 and CR4 are valid in VMX operation:
	 * - Bit X is 1 in _FIXED0: bit X is fixed to 1 in CRx.
	 * - Bit X is 0 in _FIXED1: bit X is fixed to 0 in CRx.
	 */
	__asm__ __volatile__("mov %%cr0, %0" : "=r"(cr0) : : "memory");
	cr0 &= rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_CR0_FIXED1);
	cr0 |= rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_CR0_FIXED0);
	__asm__ __volatile__("mov %0, %%cr0" : : "r"(cr0) : "memory");

	__asm__ __volatile__("mov %%cr4, %0" : "=r"(cr4) : : "memory");
	cr4 &= rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_CR4_FIXED1);
	cr4 |= rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_CR4_FIXED0);
	/* Enable VMX operation */
	cr4 |= X86_CR4_VMXE;
	__asm__ __volatile__("mov %0, %%cr4" : : "r"(cr4) : "memory");

	/*
	 * Configure IA32_FEATURE_CONTROL MSR to allow VMXON:
	 *  Bit 0: Lock bit. If clear, VMXON causes a #GP.
	 *  Bit 2: Enables VMXON outside of SMX operation. If clear, VMXON
	 *    outside of SMX causes a #GP.
	 */
	required = FEAT_CTL_VMX_ENABLED_OUTSIDE_SMX;
	required |= FEAT_CTL_LOCKED;
	feature_control = rdmsr(MSR_IA32_FEAT_CTL);
	if ((feature_control & required) != required)
		wrmsr(MSR_IA32_FEAT_CTL, feature_control | required);

	/* Enter VMX root operation. */
	*(uint32_t *)(vmx->vmxon) = vmcs_revision();
	if (vmxon(vmx->vmxon_gpa))
		return false;

	return true;
}

bool load_vmcs(struct vmx_pages *vmx)
{
	/* Load a VMCS. */
	*(uint32_t *)(vmx->vmcs) = vmcs_revision();
	if (vmclear(vmx->vmcs_gpa))
		return false;

	if (vmptrld(vmx->vmcs_gpa))
		return false;

	/* Setup shadow VMCS, do not load it yet. */
	*(uint32_t *)(vmx->shadow_vmcs) = vmcs_revision() | 0x80000000ul;
	if (vmclear(vmx->shadow_vmcs_gpa))
		return false;

	return true;
}

static bool ept_vpid_cap_supported(uint64_t mask)
{
	return rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_EPT_VPID_CAP) & mask;
}

bool ept_1g_pages_supported(void)
{
	return ept_vpid_cap_supported(VMX_EPT_VPID_CAP_1G_PAGES);
}

/*
 * Initialize the control fields to the most basic settings possible.
 */
static inline void init_vmcs_control_fields(struct vmx_pages *vmx)
{
	uint32_t sec_exec_ctl = 0;

	vmwrite(VIRTUAL_PROCESSOR_ID, 0);
	vmwrite(POSTED_INTR_NV, 0);

	vmwrite(PIN_BASED_VM_EXEC_CONTROL, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_TRUE_PINBASED_CTLS));

	if (vmx->eptp_gpa) {
		uint64_t ept_paddr;
		struct eptPageTablePointer eptp = {
			.memory_type = VMX_BASIC_MEM_TYPE_WB,
			.page_walk_length = 3, /* + 1 */
			.ad_enabled = ept_vpid_cap_supported(VMX_EPT_VPID_CAP_AD_BITS),
			.address = vmx->eptp_gpa >> PAGE_SHIFT_4K,
		};

		memcpy(&ept_paddr, &eptp, sizeof(ept_paddr));
		vmwrite(EPT_POINTER, ept_paddr);
		sec_exec_ctl |= SECONDARY_EXEC_ENABLE_EPT;
	}

	if (!vmwrite(SECONDARY_VM_EXEC_CONTROL, sec_exec_ctl))
		vmwrite(CPU_BASED_VM_EXEC_CONTROL,
			rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_TRUE_PROCBASED_CTLS) | CPU_BASED_ACTIVATE_SECONDARY_CONTROLS);
	else {
		vmwrite(CPU_BASED_VM_EXEC_CONTROL, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_TRUE_PROCBASED_CTLS));
		GUEST_ASSERT(!sec_exec_ctl);
	}

	vmwrite(EXCEPTION_BITMAP, 0);
	vmwrite(PAGE_FAULT_ERROR_CODE_MASK, 0);
	vmwrite(PAGE_FAULT_ERROR_CODE_MATCH, -1); /* Never match */
	vmwrite(CR3_TARGET_COUNT, 0);
	vmwrite(VM_EXIT_CONTROLS, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_EXIT_CTLS) |
		VM_EXIT_HOST_ADDR_SPACE_SIZE);	  /* 64-bit host */
	vmwrite(VM_EXIT_MSR_STORE_COUNT, 0);
	vmwrite(VM_EXIT_MSR_LOAD_COUNT, 0);
	vmwrite(VM_ENTRY_CONTROLS, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_VMX_ENTRY_CTLS) |
		VM_ENTRY_IA32E_MODE);		  /* 64-bit guest */
	vmwrite(VM_ENTRY_MSR_LOAD_COUNT, 0);
	vmwrite(VM_ENTRY_INTR_INFO_FIELD, 0);
	vmwrite(TPR_THRESHOLD, 0);

	vmwrite(CR0_GUEST_HOST_MASK, 0);
	vmwrite(CR4_GUEST_HOST_MASK, 0);
	vmwrite(CR0_READ_SHADOW, get_cr0());
	vmwrite(CR4_READ_SHADOW, get_cr4());

	vmwrite(MSR_BITMAP, vmx->msr_gpa);
	vmwrite(VMREAD_BITMAP, vmx->vmread_gpa);
	vmwrite(VMWRITE_BITMAP, vmx->vmwrite_gpa);
}

/*
 * Initialize the host state fields based on the current host state, with
 * the exception of HOST_RSP and HOST_RIP, which should be set by vmlaunch
 * or vmresume.
 */
static inline void init_vmcs_host_state(void)
{
	uint32_t exit_controls = vmreadz(VM_EXIT_CONTROLS);

	vmwrite(HOST_ES_SELECTOR, get_es());
	vmwrite(HOST_CS_SELECTOR, get_cs());
	vmwrite(HOST_SS_SELECTOR, get_ss());
	vmwrite(HOST_DS_SELECTOR, get_ds());
	vmwrite(HOST_FS_SELECTOR, get_fs());
	vmwrite(HOST_GS_SELECTOR, get_gs());
	vmwrite(HOST_TR_SELECTOR, get_tr());

	if (exit_controls & VM_EXIT_LOAD_IA32_PAT)
		vmwrite(HOST_IA32_PAT, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_CR_PAT));
	if (exit_controls & VM_EXIT_LOAD_IA32_EFER)
		vmwrite(HOST_IA32_EFER, rdmsr(MSR_EFER));
	if (exit_controls & VM_EXIT_LOAD_IA32_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL)
		vmwrite(HOST_IA32_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL,
			rdmsr(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL));

	vmwrite(HOST_IA32_SYSENTER_CS, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_CS));

	vmwrite(HOST_CR0, get_cr0());
	vmwrite(HOST_CR3, get_cr3());
	vmwrite(HOST_CR4, get_cr4());
	vmwrite(HOST_FS_BASE, rdmsr(MSR_FS_BASE));
	vmwrite(HOST_GS_BASE, rdmsr(MSR_GS_BASE));
	vmwrite(HOST_TR_BASE,
		get_desc64_base((struct desc64 *)(get_gdt().address + get_tr())));
	vmwrite(HOST_GDTR_BASE, get_gdt().address);
	vmwrite(HOST_IDTR_BASE, get_idt().address);
	vmwrite(HOST_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP));
	vmwrite(HOST_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP, rdmsr(MSR_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP));
}

/*
 * Initialize the guest state fields essentially as a clone of
 * the host state fields. Some host state fields have fixed
 * values, and we set the corresponding guest state fields accordingly.
 */
static inline void init_vmcs_guest_state(void *rip, void *rsp)
{
	vmwrite(GUEST_ES_SELECTOR, vmreadz(HOST_ES_SELECTOR));
	vmwrite(GUEST_CS_SELECTOR, vmreadz(HOST_CS_SELECTOR));
	vmwrite(GUEST_SS_SELECTOR, vmreadz(HOST_SS_SELECTOR));
	vmwrite(GUEST_DS_SELECTOR, vmreadz(HOST_DS_SELECTOR));
	vmwrite(GUEST_FS_SELECTOR, vmreadz(HOST_FS_SELECTOR));
	vmwrite(GUEST_GS_SELECTOR, vmreadz(HOST_GS_SELECTOR));
	vmwrite(GUEST_LDTR_SELECTOR, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_TR_SELECTOR, vmreadz(HOST_TR_SELECTOR));
	vmwrite(GUEST_INTR_STATUS, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_PML_INDEX, 0);

	vmwrite(VMCS_LINK_POINTER, -1ll);
	vmwrite(GUEST_IA32_DEBUGCTL, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_IA32_PAT, vmreadz(HOST_IA32_PAT));
	vmwrite(GUEST_IA32_EFER, vmreadz(HOST_IA32_EFER));
	vmwrite(GUEST_IA32_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL,
		vmreadz(HOST_IA32_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL));

	vmwrite(GUEST_ES_LIMIT, -1);
	vmwrite(GUEST_CS_LIMIT, -1);
	vmwrite(GUEST_SS_LIMIT, -1);
	vmwrite(GUEST_DS_LIMIT, -1);
	vmwrite(GUEST_FS_LIMIT, -1);
	vmwrite(GUEST_GS_LIMIT, -1);
	vmwrite(GUEST_LDTR_LIMIT, -1);
	vmwrite(GUEST_TR_LIMIT, 0x67);
	vmwrite(GUEST_GDTR_LIMIT, 0xffff);
	vmwrite(GUEST_IDTR_LIMIT, 0xffff);
	vmwrite(GUEST_ES_AR_BYTES,
		vmreadz(GUEST_ES_SELECTOR) == 0 ? 0x10000 : 0xc093);
	vmwrite(GUEST_CS_AR_BYTES, 0xa09b);
	vmwrite(GUEST_SS_AR_BYTES, 0xc093);
	vmwrite(GUEST_DS_AR_BYTES,
		vmreadz(GUEST_DS_SELECTOR) == 0 ? 0x10000 : 0xc093);
	vmwrite(GUEST_FS_AR_BYTES,
		vmreadz(GUEST_FS_SELECTOR) == 0 ? 0x10000 : 0xc093);
	vmwrite(GUEST_GS_AR_BYTES,
		vmreadz(GUEST_GS_SELECTOR) == 0 ? 0x10000 : 0xc093);
	vmwrite(GUEST_LDTR_AR_BYTES, 0x10000);
	vmwrite(GUEST_TR_AR_BYTES, 0x8b);
	vmwrite(GUEST_INTERRUPTIBILITY_INFO, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_ACTIVITY_STATE, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_SYSENTER_CS, vmreadz(HOST_IA32_SYSENTER_CS));
	vmwrite(VMX_PREEMPTION_TIMER_VALUE, 0);

	vmwrite(GUEST_CR0, vmreadz(HOST_CR0));
	vmwrite(GUEST_CR3, vmreadz(HOST_CR3));
	vmwrite(GUEST_CR4, vmreadz(HOST_CR4));
	vmwrite(GUEST_ES_BASE, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_CS_BASE, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_SS_BASE, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_DS_BASE, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_FS_BASE, vmreadz(HOST_FS_BASE));
	vmwrite(GUEST_GS_BASE, vmreadz(HOST_GS_BASE));
	vmwrite(GUEST_LDTR_BASE, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_TR_BASE, vmreadz(HOST_TR_BASE));
	vmwrite(GUEST_GDTR_BASE, vmreadz(HOST_GDTR_BASE));
	vmwrite(GUEST_IDTR_BASE, vmreadz(HOST_IDTR_BASE));
	vmwrite(GUEST_DR7, 0x400);
	vmwrite(GUEST_RSP, (uint64_t)rsp);
	vmwrite(GUEST_RIP, (uint64_t)rip);
	vmwrite(GUEST_RFLAGS, 2);
	vmwrite(GUEST_PENDING_DBG_EXCEPTIONS, 0);
	vmwrite(GUEST_SYSENTER_ESP, vmreadz(HOST_IA32_SYSENTER_ESP));
	vmwrite(GUEST_SYSENTER_EIP, vmreadz(HOST_IA32_SYSENTER_EIP));
}

void prepare_vmcs(struct vmx_pages *vmx, void *guest_rip, void *guest_rsp)
{
	init_vmcs_control_fields(vmx);
	init_vmcs_host_state();
	init_vmcs_guest_state(guest_rip, guest_rsp);
}

static void nested_create_pte(struct kvm_vm *vm,
			      struct eptPageTableEntry *pte,
			      uint64_t nested_paddr,
			      uint64_t paddr,
			      int current_level,
			      int target_level)
{
	if (!pte->readable) {
		pte->writable = true;
		pte->readable = true;
		pte->executable = true;
		pte->page_size = (current_level == target_level);
		if (pte->page_size)
			pte->address = paddr >> vm->page_shift;
		else
			pte->address = vm_alloc_page_table(vm) >> vm->page_shift;
	} else {
		/*
		 * Entry already present.  Assert that the caller doesn't want
		 * a hugepage at this level, and that there isn't a hugepage at
		 * this level.
		 */
		TEST_ASSERT(current_level != target_level,
			    "Cannot create hugepage at level: %u, nested_paddr: 0x%lx\n",
			    current_level, nested_paddr);
		TEST_ASSERT(!pte->page_size,
			    "Cannot create page table at level: %u, nested_paddr: 0x%lx\n",
			    current_level, nested_paddr);
	}
}


void __nested_pg_map(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm,
		     uint64_t nested_paddr, uint64_t paddr, int target_level)
{
	const uint64_t page_size = PG_LEVEL_SIZE(target_level);
	struct eptPageTableEntry *pt = vmx->eptp_hva, *pte;
	uint16_t index;

	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K, "Attempt to use "
		    "unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

	TEST_ASSERT((nested_paddr >> 48) == 0,
		    "Nested physical address 0x%lx requires 5-level paging",
		    nested_paddr);
	TEST_ASSERT((nested_paddr % page_size) == 0,
		    "Nested physical address not on page boundary,\n"
		    "  nested_paddr: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%lx",
		    nested_paddr, page_size);
	TEST_ASSERT((nested_paddr >> vm->page_shift) <= vm->max_gfn,
		    "Physical address beyond beyond maximum supported,\n"
		    "  nested_paddr: 0x%lx vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
		    paddr, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);
	TEST_ASSERT((paddr % page_size) == 0,
		    "Physical address not on page boundary,\n"
		    "  paddr: 0x%lx page_size: 0x%lx",
		    paddr, page_size);
	TEST_ASSERT((paddr >> vm->page_shift) <= vm->max_gfn,
		    "Physical address beyond beyond maximum supported,\n"
		    "  paddr: 0x%lx vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
		    paddr, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);

	for (int level = PG_LEVEL_512G; level >= PG_LEVEL_4K; level--) {
		index = (nested_paddr >> PG_LEVEL_SHIFT(level)) & 0x1ffu;
		pte = &pt[index];

		nested_create_pte(vm, pte, nested_paddr, paddr, level, target_level);

		if (pte->page_size)
			break;

		pt = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pte->address * vm->page_size);
	}

	/*
	 * For now mark these as accessed and dirty because the only
	 * testcase we have needs that.  Can be reconsidered later.
	 */
	pte->accessed = true;
	pte->dirty = true;

}

void nested_pg_map(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm,
		   uint64_t nested_paddr, uint64_t paddr)
{
	__nested_pg_map(vmx, vm, nested_paddr, paddr, PG_LEVEL_4K);
}

/*
 * Map a range of EPT guest physical addresses to the VM's physical address
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   nested_paddr - Nested guest physical address to map
 *   paddr - VM Physical Address
 *   size - The size of the range to map
 *   level - The level at which to map the range
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Within the VM given by vm, creates a nested guest translation for the
 * page range starting at nested_paddr to the page range starting at paddr.
 */
void __nested_map(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm,
		  uint64_t nested_paddr, uint64_t paddr, uint64_t size,
		  int level)
{
	size_t page_size = PG_LEVEL_SIZE(level);
	size_t npages = size / page_size;

	TEST_ASSERT(nested_paddr + size > nested_paddr, "Vaddr overflow");
	TEST_ASSERT(paddr + size > paddr, "Paddr overflow");

	while (npages--) {
		__nested_pg_map(vmx, vm, nested_paddr, paddr, level);
		nested_paddr += page_size;
		paddr += page_size;
	}
}

void nested_map(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm,
		uint64_t nested_paddr, uint64_t paddr, uint64_t size)
{
	__nested_map(vmx, vm, nested_paddr, paddr, size, PG_LEVEL_4K);
}

/* Prepare an identity extended page table that maps all the
 * physical pages in VM.
 */
void nested_map_memslot(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm,
			uint32_t memslot)
{
	sparsebit_idx_t i, last;
	struct userspace_mem_region *region =
		memslot2region(vm, memslot);

	i = (region->region.guest_phys_addr >> vm->page_shift) - 1;
	last = i + (region->region.memory_size >> vm->page_shift);
	for (;;) {
		i = sparsebit_next_clear(region->unused_phy_pages, i);
		if (i > last)
			break;

		nested_map(vmx, vm,
			   (uint64_t)i << vm->page_shift,
			   (uint64_t)i << vm->page_shift,
			   1 << vm->page_shift);
	}
}

/* Identity map a region with 1GiB Pages. */
void nested_identity_map_1g(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm,
			    uint64_t addr, uint64_t size)
{
	__nested_map(vmx, vm, addr, addr, size, PG_LEVEL_1G);
}

bool kvm_cpu_has_ept(void)
{
	uint64_t ctrl;

	ctrl = kvm_get_feature_msr(MSR_IA32_VMX_TRUE_PROCBASED_CTLS) >> 32;
	if (!(ctrl & CPU_BASED_ACTIVATE_SECONDARY_CONTROLS))
		return false;

	ctrl = kvm_get_feature_msr(MSR_IA32_VMX_PROCBASED_CTLS2) >> 32;
	return ctrl & SECONDARY_EXEC_ENABLE_EPT;
}

void prepare_eptp(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm,
		  uint32_t eptp_memslot)
{
	TEST_ASSERT(kvm_cpu_has_ept(), "KVM doesn't support nested EPT");

	vmx->eptp = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->eptp_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->eptp);
	vmx->eptp_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->eptp);
}

void prepare_virtualize_apic_accesses(struct vmx_pages *vmx, struct kvm_vm *vm)
{
	vmx->apic_access = (void *)vm_vaddr_alloc_page(vm);
	vmx->apic_access_hva = addr_gva2hva(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->apic_access);
	vmx->apic_access_gpa = addr_gva2gpa(vm, (uintptr_t)vmx->apic_access);
}